1
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Deng H, Wang T, Chen Y, Dou K, Liu X, Zhao C, Zhan H, Yang C, Qin C, Cheng Y. Enhanced Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence by Sole Coordination: From an Organic Molecule to Its Zinc Complex. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:7003-7010. [PMID: 38949564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
A BPAPTPyC organic molecule containing a sandwich structural chromophore is designed and synthesized to produce blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). The chromophore is composed of two di(4-tert-butylphenyl)amino donors and one inserted terpyridyl acceptor hitched at positions 1, 8, and 9 of a single carbazole via the p-phenylene group, in which the multiple space π-π interactions between the donor and acceptor enable the molecule to possess the TADF feature with a high energy emission at 470 nm but a low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and a small proportion of the delayed component. In contrast, the corresponding Zn(BPAPTPyC)Cl2 complex has a high PLQY and a short lifetime with a red-shifted emission due to the enhanced rigidity and electron accepting ability of the terpyridyl group from coordination. A solution-processed organic light-emitting diode (OLED) based on the complex achieves a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17.9% with an emission peak at 585 nm, while an OLED of the organic molecule produces blue emission with a maximum EQE of 2.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yuannan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Kunkun Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Material of Ministry of Education, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Chuanjiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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2
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Ni F, Huang Y, Qiu L, Yang C. Synthetic progress of organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters via C-H activation and functionalization. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5904-5955. [PMID: 38717257 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have become increasingly prominent due to their promising applications across various fields, prompting a continuous demand for developing reliable synthetic methods to access them. This review aims to highlight the progress made in the last decade in synthesizing organic TADF compounds through C-H bond activation and functionalization. The review begins with a brief introduction to the basic features and design principles of TADF emitters. It then provides an overview of the advantages and concise development of C-H bond transformations in constructing TADF emitters. Subsequently, it summarizes both transition-metal-catalyzed and non-transition-metal-promoted C-H bond transformations used for the synthesis of TADF emitters. Finally, the review gives an outlook on further challenges and potential directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ni
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Yipan Huang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Longzhen Qiu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China.
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3
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Wen Y, Jin HX, Qiu YH, Zong Y, Luo W, Chen Z, Yu D. Photo-induced tungsten-catalyzed cascade synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1- a]isoquinoline-1,3-dicarboxylate and its reaction mechanism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4573-4576. [PMID: 38572995 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00169a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
A pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline core structure is prevalent in marine and other natural products. This article describes a tungsten-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition aromatization of dihydroisoquinoline ester and maleic anhydride or an acrylate. The photochemical reaction tolerates a range of functional groups such as ester, cyano, ketone, bromide, and alkene. It is shown that the cycloaddition-aromatization of 2-substitued acrylate catalyzed by a tungsten photocatalyst can be used to evaluate the leaving ability of the leaving group. Experiments done to determine the reaction mechanism revealed that the formation of an ion-pair intermediate generated in situ from dihydroisoquinoline ester and (Z)-4-methoxy-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid via the solvolysis of maleic anhydride with methanol is crucial for the cascade process to occur. The key cycloadduct acid intermediate derived from [3+2] cycloaddition was isolated and determined by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshun Wen
- Key laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, 341000, China.
| | - Hong-Xian Jin
- Key laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, 341000, China.
| | - Yan-Hua Qiu
- Key laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, 341000, China.
| | - Yingtong Zong
- Key laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, 341000, China.
| | - Wenjun Luo
- Key laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, 341000, China.
| | - Zhengwang Chen
- Key laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, 341000, China.
| | - Daohong Yu
- Key laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, 341000, China.
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4
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Wellauer J, Ziereisen F, Sinha N, Prescimone A, Velić A, Meyer F, Wenger OS. Iron(III) Carbene Complexes with Tunable Excited State Energies for Photoredox and Upconversion. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146. [PMID: 38598280 PMCID: PMC11046485 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Substituting precious elements in luminophores and photocatalysts by abundant first-row transition metals remains a significant challenge, and iron continues to be particularly attractive owing to its high natural abundance and low cost. Most iron complexes known to date face severe limitations due to undesirably efficient deactivation of luminescent and photoredox-active excited states. Two new iron(III) complexes with structurally simple chelate ligands enable straightforward tuning of ground and excited state properties, contrasting recent examples, in which chemical modification had a minor impact. Crude samples feature two luminescence bands strongly reminiscent of a recent iron(III) complex, in which this observation was attributed to dual luminescence, but in our case, there is clear-cut evidence that the higher-energy luminescence stems from an impurity and only the red photoluminescence from a doublet ligand-to-metal charge transfer (2LMCT) excited state is genuine. Photoinduced oxidative and reductive electron transfer reactions with methyl viologen and 10-methylphenothiazine occur with nearly diffusion-limited kinetics. Photocatalytic reactions not previously reported for this compound class, in particular the C-H arylation of diazonium salts and the aerobic hydroxylation of boronic acids, were achieved with low-energy red light excitation. Doublet-triplet energy transfer (DTET) from the luminescent 2LMCT state to an anthracene annihilator permits the proof of principle for triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion based on a molecular iron photosensitizer. These findings are relevant for the development of iron complexes featuring photophysical and photochemical properties competitive with noble-metal-based compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Wellauer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Ziereisen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Narayan Sinha
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ajdin Velić
- University
of Göttingen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- University
of Göttingen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Li TY, Zheng SJ, Djurovich PI, Thompson ME. Two-Coordinate Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Coinage Metal Complexes: Molecular Design, Photophysical Characters, and Device Application. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4332-4392. [PMID: 38546341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Since the emergence of the first green light emission from a fluorescent thin-film organic light emitting diode (OLED) in the mid-1980s, a global consumer market for OLED displays has flourished over the past few decades. This growth can primarily be attributed to the development of noble metal phosphorescent emitters that facilitated remarkable gains in electrical conversion efficiency, a broadened color gamut, and vibrant image quality for OLED displays. Despite these achievements, the limited abundance of noble metals in the Earth's crust has spurred ongoing efforts to discover cost-effective electroluminescent materials. One particularly promising avenue is the exploration of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), a mechanism with the potential to fully harness excitons in OLEDs. Recently, investigations have unveiled TADF in a series of two-coordinate coinage metal (Cu, Ag, and Au) complexes. These organometallic TADF materials exhibit distinctive behavior in comparison to their organic counterparts. They offer benefits such as tunable emissive colors, short TADF emission lifetimes, high luminescent quantum yields, and reasonable stability. Impressively, both vacuum-deposited and solution-processed OLEDs incorporating these materials have achieved outstanding performance. This review encompasses various facets on two-coordinate TADF coinage metal complexes, including molecular design, photophysical characterizations, elucidation of structure-property relationships, and OLED applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shu-Jia Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peter I Djurovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Mark E Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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6
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Yue M, He J, Zou C, Chang X, Lu W. Phosphorescent fac-Bis(triarylisocyanide) W(0) and Mo(0) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3267-3282. [PMID: 38307513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Homoleptic W(0) and Mo(0) complexes containing bis(triarylisocyanide) ligands with bulky substituents were synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. Crystallographically determined structures revealed that these complexes are hourglass-like in shape with the tridentate ligands adopting a facial coordination mode to the metal center. These complexes luminesce in fluid solutions and in the solid state. Typically in toluene at 298 K, the two W(0) complexes display the emission maximum (lifetime and quantum yield) at 591 nm (0.83 μs and 0.35) and 628 nm (1.04 μs and 0.39), and similarly, the two Mo(0) complexes display it at 575 nm (0.54 μs and 0.15) and 617 nm (0.56 μs and 0.23). DFT and TDDFT calculations indicated that the low-energy absorption bands of the W(0) and Mo(0) complexes could be metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transitions in nature. These complexes exhibited a reversible M+/0 redox couple at -0.70 and -0.63 V vs Fc+/0 for the W(0) complexes and -0.86 and -0.67 V for the Mo(0) complexes. The excited-state reduction potentials were hence estimated to be -2.91 and -2.74 V vs Fc+/0 for the W(0) complexes and -3.10 and -2.81 V vs Fc+/0 for the Mo(0) complexes, indicating that they are potentially strong photoreductants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zou
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Functional Coordination Material Group-Frontier Research Center, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
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7
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Yang X, Waterhouse GIN, Lu S, Yu J. Recent advances in the design of afterglow materials: mechanisms, structural regulation strategies and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8005-8058. [PMID: 37880991 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00993e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Afterglow materials are attracting widespread attention owing to their distinctive and long-lived optical emission properties which create exciting opportunities in various fields. Recent research has led to the discovery of many new afterglow materials featuring high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) and lifetimes of up to several hours under ambient conditions. Afterglow materials are typically categorized according to their luminescence mechanism, such as long-persistent luminescence (LPL), room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), or thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Through rational design and novel synthetic strategies to modulate spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and populate triplet exciton states (T1), luminophores with long lifetimes and bright afterglow characteristics can be realized. Initial research towards afterglow materials focused mainly on pure inorganic materials, many of which possessed inherent disadvantages such as metal toxicity or low energy emissions. In recent years, organic-inorganic hybrid afterglow materials (OIHAMs) have been developed with high PLQY and long lifetimes. These hybrid materials exploit the tunable structure and easy processing of organic molecules, as well as enhanced SOC and intersystem crossing (ISC) processes involving heavy atom dopants, to achieve excellent afterglow performance. In this review, we begin by briefly discussing the structure and composition of inorganic and organic-inorganic hybrid afterglow materials, including strategies for regulating their lifetime, PLQY and luminescence wavelength. The specific advantages of organic-inorganic hybrid afterglow materials, including low manufacturing costs, diverse molecular/electronic structures, tunable structures and optical properties, and compatibility with a variety of substrates, are emphasized. Subsequently, we discuss in detail the fundamental mechanisms used by afterglow materials, their classification, design principles, and end applications (including sensing, anticounterfeiting, and photoelectric devices, among others). Finally, existing challenges and promising future directions are discussed, laying a platform for the design of afterglow materials for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | | | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jihong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Lv X, Hu H, Yao L, Deng L, Liu X, Yu L, He H. Fabrication of surface ion imprinting rice husk-based polymer for selective detection and efficient adsorption of Cu 2+ in lake water. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 298:122723. [PMID: 37119634 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
With the deepening of the concept of recycling economy and green chemistry, selective detection and capture of Cu2+ from lake water by biosorbent are of great significance. Herein, the Cu2+ ion-imprinted polymers (RH-CIIP) with organosilane containing hydroxyl and Schiff base groups (OHSBG) as ion-receptor, fluorescent chromophores and cross-linking agent, and Cu2+ as template ion, were fabricated via surface ion imprinting technology by employing mesoporous silica MCM-41 (RH@MCM-41) as supporter. The RH-CIIP could be exploited as a fluorescent sensor for Cu2+ with high selective compared with Cu2+ non-imprinted polymers (RH-CNIP). Additionally, the LOD was calculated to be 5.62 μg/L, which is far below WHO standard for Cu2+ in drinking water of 2 mg/L, and more lower than the reported methods. Moreover, the RH-CIIP can also be utilized as an adsorbent for the effective elimination of Cu2+ from lake water with the adsorption capacity of 87.8 mg/g. Besides, the kinetic features of adsorption were well defined by the pseudo-second-order model and the sorption isotherm was in agreement with the Langmuir model. Meanwhile, the interaction of RH-CIIP and Cu2+ was investigated using theoretical calculations and XPS. Finally, RH-CIIP was able to remove almost 99 % Cu2+ in lake water samples that satisfied the drink water standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Lv
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyi Hu
- School of Pharmacy ,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Yao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Deng
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuhong Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lide Yu
- School of Pharmacy ,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haifeng He
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Yang JG, Feng X, Li N, Li J, Song XF, Li MD, Cui G, Zhang J, Jiang C, Yang C, Li K. Highly efficient and stable thermally activated delayed fluorescent palladium(II) complexes for organic light-emitting diodes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh0198. [PMID: 37315147 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal complexes exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) remain underdeveloped for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, we describe a design of TADF Pd(II) complexes featuring metal-perturbed intraligand charge-transfer excited states. Two orange- and red-emitting complexes with efficiencies of 82 and 89% and lifetimes of 2.19 and 0.97 μs have been developed. Combined transient spectroscopic and theoretical studies on one complex reveal a metal-perturbed fast intersystem crossing process. OLEDs using the Pd(II) complexes show maximum external quantum efficiencies of 27.5 to 31.4% and small roll-offs down to 1% at 1000 cd m-2. Moreover, the Pd(II) complexes show exceptional operational stability with LT95 values over 220 hours at 1000 cd m-2, benefiting from the use of strong σ-donating ligands and the presence of multiple intramolecular noncovalent interactions beside their short emission lifetimes. This study demonstrates a promising approach for developing efficient and robust luminescent complexes without using the third-row transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Gong Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Feng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Nengquan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou 515031, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Fang Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ming-De Li
- Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou 515031, P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jingling Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chenglin Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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10
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Yersin H, Czerwieniec R, Monkowius U, Ramazanov R, Valiev R, Shafikov MZ, Kwok WM, Ma C. Intersystem crossing, phosphorescence, and spin-orbit coupling. Two contrasting Cu(I)-TADF dimers investigated by milli- to micro-second phosphorescence, femto-second fluorescence, and theoretical calculations. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Song X, Peng L, Chen W, Gao Y, Fang W, Cui G. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence of a Dinuclear Platinum(II) Compound: Mechanism and Roles of an Upper Triplet State. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201782. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu‐Fang Song
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education, Chemistry College Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P.R. China
| | - Ling‐Ya Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education, Chemistry College Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P.R. China
| | - Wen‐Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education, Chemistry College Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P.R. China
| | - Yuan‐Jun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education, Chemistry College Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P.R. China
| | - Wei‐Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education, Chemistry College Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P.R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education, Chemistry College Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P.R. China
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12
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Lee LCC, Lo KKW. Luminescent and Photofunctional Transition Metal Complexes: From Molecular Design to Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14420-14440. [PMID: 35925792 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There has been emerging interest in the exploitation of the photophysical and photochemical properties of transition metal complexes for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In this Perspective, we highlight the major recent advances in the development of luminescent and photofunctional transition metal complexes, in particular, those of rhenium(I), ruthenium(II), osmium(II), iridium(III), and platinum(II), as bioimaging reagents and phototherapeutic agents, with a focus on the molecular design strategies that harness and modulate the interesting photophysical and photochemical behavior of the complexes. We also discuss the current challenges and future outlook of transition metal complexes for both fundamental research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Cho-Cheung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China.,Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
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13
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Tang R, Xu S, Lam T, Cheng G, Du L, Wan Q, Yang J, Hung F, Low K, Phillips DL, Che C. Highly Robust Cu
I
‐TADF Emitters for Vacuum‐Deposited OLEDs with Luminance up to 222 200 cd m
−2
and Device Lifetimes (LT
90
) up to 1300 hours at an Initial Luminance of 1000 cd m
−2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tang
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry South University of Science and Technology of China Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Tsz‐Lung Lam
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited Units 909–915, Building 17W, 17 Science Park West Avenue Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited Units 909–915, Building 17W, 17 Science Park West Avenue Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong P. R. China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation Shenzhen Guangdong 518057 P. R. China
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- School of Life Science Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 P. R. China
| | - Qingyun Wan
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited Units 909–915, Building 17W, 17 Science Park West Avenue Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Faan‐Fung Hung
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited Units 909–915, Building 17W, 17 Science Park West Avenue Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Kam‐Hung Low
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Chi‐Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited Units 909–915, Building 17W, 17 Science Park West Avenue Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong P. R. China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation Shenzhen Guangdong 518057 P. R. China
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14
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Sun X, Peng L, Gao Y, Ye J, Cui G. Theoretical studies on
excited‐state
properties and luminescence mechanism of a
Carbene–Metal–Amide
Au(I) complex with thermally activated delayed fluorescence. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin‐Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing PR China
| | - Ling‐Ya Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing PR China
| | - Yuan‐Jun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing PR China
| | - Jin‐Ting Ye
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing PR China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing PR China
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15
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Tang R, Xu S, Lam TL, Cheng G, Du L, Wan Q, Yang J, Hung FF, Low KH, Phillips DL, Che CM. Highly Robust Cu I -TADF Emitters for Vacuum-Deposited OLEDs with Luminance up to 222 200 cd m -2 and Device Lifetimes (LT 90 ) up to 1300 hours at an Initial Luminance of 1000 cd m -2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203982. [PMID: 35647660 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A critical step in advancing the practical application of copper-based organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is to bridge the large gap between device efficiency and operational stability at practical luminance. Described is a panel of air- and thermally stable two-coordinate CuI emitters featuring bulky pyrazine- (PzIPr) or pyridine-fused N-heterocyclic carbene (PyIPr*) and carbazole (Cz) ligands with enhanced amide-Cu-carbene bonding interactions. These CuI emitters display thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) from the 1 LL'CT(Cz→PzIPr/PyIPr*) excited states across the blue to red regions with exceptional radiative rate constants of 1.1-2.2×106 s-1 . Vapour-deposited OLEDs based on these CuI emitters showed excellent external quantum efficiencies and luminance up to 23.6 % and 222 200 cd m-2 , respectively, alongside record device lifetimes (LT90 ) up to 1300 h at 1000 cd m-2 under our laboratory conditions, highlighting the practicality of the CuI -TADF emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Tsz-Lung Lam
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, Units 909-915, Building 17W, 17 Science Park West Avenue, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, Units 909-915, Building 17W, 17 Science Park West Avenue, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P. R. China
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,School of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Qingyun Wan
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, Units 909-915, Building 17W, 17 Science Park West Avenue, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Faan-Fung Hung
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, Units 909-915, Building 17W, 17 Science Park West Avenue, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, Units 909-915, Building 17W, 17 Science Park West Avenue, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P. R. China
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16
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Sinha N, Pfund B, Wegeberg C, Prescimone A, Wenger OS. Cobalt(III) Carbene Complex with an Electronic Excited-State Structure Similar to Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9859-9873. [PMID: 35623627 PMCID: PMC9490849 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Many organometallic
iridium(III) complexes have photoactive excited
states with mixed metal-to-ligand and intraligand charge transfer
(MLCT/ILCT) character, which form the basis for numerous applications
in photophysics and photochemistry. Cobalt(III) complexes with analogous
MLCT excited-state properties seem to be unknown yet, despite the
fact that iridium(III) and cobalt(III) can adopt identical low-spin
d6 valence electron configurations due to their close chemical
relationship. Using a rigid tridentate chelate ligand (LCNC), in which a central amido π-donor is flanked by two σ-donating
N-heterocyclic carbene subunits, we obtained a robust homoleptic complex
[Co(LCNC)2](PF6), featuring a photoactive
excited state with substantial MLCT character. Compared to the vast
majority of isoelectronic iron(II) complexes, the MLCT state of [Co(LCNC)2](PF6) is long-lived because it
does not deactivate as efficiently into lower-lying metal-centered
excited states; furthermore, it engages directly in photoinduced electron
transfer reactions. The comparison with [Fe(LCNC)2](PF6), as well as structural, electrochemical, and UV–vis
transient absorption studies, provides insight into new ligand design
principles for first-row transition-metal complexes with photophysical
and photochemical properties reminiscent of those known from the platinum
group metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Björn Pfund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christina Wegeberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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17
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Zhang J, Wei Q, Lyu L, Cao L, Zhao M, Fei N, Wang T, Ge Z. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent (TADF) Mono‐Polymeric OLED with Higher EQE over Its TADF Repeating Unit. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiasen Zhang
- College of material science and engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou 310018 PR China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences PR China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences PR China
| | | | - Liang Cao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences PR China
| | - Mengyu Zhao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences PR China
| | - Nannan Fei
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of material science and engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou 310018 PR China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences PR China
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18
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Diaz-Rodriguez RM, Gálico DA, Chartrand D, Suturina EA, Murugesu M. Toward Opto-Structural Correlation to Investigate Luminescence Thermometry in an Organometallic Eu(II) Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:912-921. [PMID: 34989573 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide-based luminescent materials have unique properties and are well-studied for many potential applications. In particular, the characteristic 5d → 4f emission of divalent lanthanide ions such as EuII allows for tunability of the emissive properties via modulation of the coordination environment. We report the synthesis and photoluminescence investigation of pentamethylcyclopentadienyleuropium(II) tetrahydroborate bis(tetrahydrofuran) dimer (1), the first example of an organometallic, discrete molecular EuII band-shift luminescence thermometer. Complex 1 exhibits an absolute sensitivity of 8.2 cm-1 K-1 at 320 K, the highest thus far observed for a lanthanide-based band-shift thermometer. Opto-structural correlation via variable-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction and fluorescence spectroscopy allows rationalization of the remarkable thermometric luminescence of complex 1 and reveals the significant potential of molecular EuII compounds in luminescence thermometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto M Diaz-Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Diogo A Gálico
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Daniel Chartrand
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Elizaveta A Suturina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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19
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Yu D, Liu Y, Che CM. Tungsten catalysed decarboxylative [3 + 2] cycloaddition aromatization: one-pot synthesis of trifluoromethyl-pyrrolo[2,1- a]isoquinolines with visible light irradiation. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00401a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Trifluoromethyl-pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines, which are difficult to prepare via traditional methods, could be readily prepared via a tungsten-catalysed decarboxylative [3 + 2] cycloaddition aromatization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, 341000, China
| | - Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17W, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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20
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Shi Y, Wang K, Zhang S, Fan X, Tsuchiya Y, Lee Y, Dai G, Chen J, Zheng C, Xiong S, Ou X, Yu J, Jie J, Lee C, Adachi C, Zhang X. Characterizing the Conformational Distribution in an Amorphous Film of an Organic Emitter and Its Application in a “Self‐Doping” Organic Light‐Emitting Diode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Zhong Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu PR China
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Shao‐Li Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu PR China
| | - Xiao‐Chun Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu PR China
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- JST, ERATO Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project, Fukuoka Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yi‐Ting Lee
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Gao‐Le Dai
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu PR China
| | - Jia‐Xiong Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu PR China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Cai‐Jun Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Information University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) Chengdu Sichuan 610054 P. R. China
| | - Shi‐Yun Xiong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu PR China
| | - Xue‐Mei Ou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu PR China
| | - Jia Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu PR China
| | - Jian‐Sheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu PR China
| | - Chun‐Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- JST, ERATO Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project, Fukuoka Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Xiao‐Hong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu PR China
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21
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Shi YZ, Wang K, Zhang SL, Fan XC, Tsuchiya Y, Lee YT, Dai GL, Chen JX, Zheng CJ, Xiong SY, Ou XM, Yu J, Jie JS, Lee CS, Adachi C, Zhang XH. Characterizing the Conformational Distribution in an Amorphous Film of an Organic Emitter and Its Application in a "Self-Doping" Organic Light-Emitting Diode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25878-25883. [PMID: 34585471 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The conformational distribution and mutual interconversion of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters significantly affect the exciton utilization. However, their influence on the photophysics in amorphous film states is still not known due to the lack of a suitable quantitative analysis method. Herein, we used temperature-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy to quantitatively measure the relative populations of the conformations of a TADF emitter for the first time. We further propose a new concept of "self-doping" for realizing high-efficiency nondoped OLEDs. Interestingly, this "compositionally" pure film actually behaves as a film with a dopant (quasi-equatorial form) in a matrix (quasi-axial form). The concentration-induced quenching that may occur at high concentrations is thus expected to be effectively relieved. The "self-doping" OLED prepared with the newly developed TADF emitter TP2P-PXZ as a neat emitting layer realizes a high maximum external quantum efficiency of 25.4 % and neglectable efficiency roll-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhong Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.,Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shao-Li Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiao-Chun Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,JST, ERATO Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project, Fukuoka Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yi-Ting Lee
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Gao-Le Dai
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jia-Xiong Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.,Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Jun Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Yun Xiong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xue-Mei Ou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jia Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jian-Sheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,JST, ERATO Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project, Fukuoka Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
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22
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Wegeberg C, Wenger OS. Luminescent First-Row Transition Metal Complexes. JACS AU 2021; 1:1860-1876. [PMID: 34841405 PMCID: PMC8611671 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Precious and rare elements have traditionally dominated inorganic photophysics and photochemistry, but now we are witnessing a paradigm shift toward cheaper and more abundant metals. Even though emissive complexes based on selected first-row transition metals have long been known, recent conceptual breakthroughs revealed that a much broader range of elements in different oxidation states are useable for this purpose. Coordination compounds of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu now show electronically excited states with unexpected reactivity and photoluminescence behavior. Aside from providing a compact survey of the recent conceptual key advances in this dynamic field, our Perspective identifies the main design strategies that enabled the discovery of fundamentally new types of 3d-metal-based luminophores and photosensitizers operating in solution at room temperature.
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Wegeberg C, Häussinger D, Wenger OS. Pyrene-Decoration of a Chromium(0) Tris(diisocyanide) Enhances Excited State Delocalization: A Strategy to Improve the Photoluminescence of 3d 6 Metal Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15800-15811. [PMID: 34516734 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a long-standing interest in iron(II) complexes that emit from metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states, analogous to ruthenium(II) polypyridines. The 3d6 electrons of iron(II) are exposed to a relatively weak ligand field, rendering nonradiative relaxation of MLCT states via metal-centered excited states undesirably efficient. For isoelectronic chromium(0), chelating diisocyanide ligands recently provided access to very weak MLCT emission in solution at room temperature. Here, we present a concept that boosts the luminescence quantum yield of a chromium(0) isocyanide complex by nearly 2 orders of magnitude, accompanied by a significant increase of the MLCT lifetime. Pyrene units in the diisocyanide ligand backbone lead to an enlarged π-conjugation system and to a strongly delocalized MLCT state, from which nonradiative relaxation is less dominant despite a sizable redshift of the emission. While the pyrene moiety is electronically coupled to the core of the chromium(0) complex in the excited state, UV-vis absorption and 2D NMR spectroscopy show that this is not the case in the ground state. Luminescence lifetimes and quantum yields for our pyrenyl-decorated chromium(0) complex exhibit an unusual bell-shaped dependence on solvent polarity, indicative of two counteracting effects governing the MLCT deactivation. These two effects are identified as predominant deactivation either through an energetically nearby lying metal-centered state in the most apolar solvents, or alternatively via direct nonradiative relaxation to the ground state following the energy gap law in more polar solvents. This is the first example of a 3d6 MLCT emitter to benefit from an increased π-conjugation network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wegeberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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24
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Li X, Xie Y, Li Z. Diversity of Luminescent Metal Complexes in OLEDs: Beyond Traditional Precious Metals. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2817-2829. [PMID: 34378344 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent properties, such as self-luminosity, high color gamut and flexibility, and potential applications in display, wearable devices and lighting. The emitters are the most important composition in OLEDs, mainly classified into fluorescent compounds (first generation), metal phosphorescent complexes (second generation), and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials (third generation). In this review, we summarize the advances of novel emitters of organic metal complexes in the last decade, focusing on coinage metals (Cu, Ag, and Au) and non-precious metals (Al, Zn, W, and alkali metal). Also, the design strategy of d10 and Au(III) complexes was discussed. We aim to provide guidance for exploring efficient metal complexes beyond traditional phosphorescent complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Li
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yujun Xie
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, P. R. China.,Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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25
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Au-Yeung CC, Li LK, Tang MC, Lai SL, Cheung WL, Ng M, Chan MY, Yam VWW. Molecular design of efficient yellow- to red-emissive alkynylgold(iii) complexes for the realization of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and their applications in solution-processed organic light-emitting devices. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9516-9527. [PMID: 34349927 PMCID: PMC8278967 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02256c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the design and synthesis of a new class of fused heterocyclic alkynyl ligand-containing gold(iii) complexes, which show tunable emission colors spanning from the yellow to red region in the solid state and exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties. These complexes display high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 0.87 and short excited-state lifetimes in sub-microsecond timescales, yielding high radiative decay rate constants on the order of up to 106 s−1. The observation of the drastic enhancement in the emission intensity of the complexes with insignificant change in the excited-state lifetime upon increasing the temperature from 200 to 360 K indicates an increasing radiative decay rate. The experimentally estimated energy splitting between the lowest-lying singlet excited state (S1) and the lowest-lying triplet excited state (T1), ΔES1–T1, is found to be as small as ∼0.03 eV (250 cm−1), comparable to the value of ∼0.05 eV (435 cm−1) obtained from computational studies. The delicate choice of the cyclometalating ligand and the fused heterocyclic ligand is deemed the key to induce TADF through the control of the energy levels of the intraligand and the ligand-to-ligand charge transfer excited states. This work represents the realization of highly emissive yellow- to red-emitting gold(iii) TADF complexes incorporated with fused heterocyclic alkynyl ligands and their applications in organic light-emitting devices. We report the design of a new class of fused heterocyclic alkynyl ligand-containing gold(iii) complexes, which shows tunable emission colors spanning yellow to red region and exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathay Chai Au-Yeung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
| | - Lok-Kwan Li
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
| | - Man-Chung Tang
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
| | - Shiu-Lun Lai
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
| | - Wai-Lung Cheung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
| | - Maggie Ng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
| | - Mei-Yee Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
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P∩N Bridged Cu(I) Dimers Featuring Both TADF and Phosphorescence. From Overview towards Detailed Case Study of the Excited Singlet and Triplet States. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113415. [PMID: 34200044 PMCID: PMC8200198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an overview over eight brightly luminescent Cu(I) dimers of the type Cu2X2(P∩N)3 with X = Cl, Br, I and P∩N = 2-diphenylphosphino-pyridine (Ph2Ppy), 2-diphenylphosphino-pyrimidine (Ph2Ppym), 1-diphenylphosphino-isoquinoline (Ph2Piqn) including three new crystal structures (Cu2Br2(Ph2Ppy)3 1-Br, Cu2I2(Ph2Ppym)3 2-I and Cu2I2(Ph2Piqn)3 3-I). However, we mainly focus on their photo-luminescence properties. All compounds exhibit combined thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and phosphorescence at ambient temperature. Emission color, decay time and quantum yield vary over large ranges. For deeper characterization, we select Cu2I2(Ph2Ppy)3, 1-I, showing a quantum yield of 81%. DFT and SOC-TDDFT calculations provide insight into the electronic structures of the singlet S1 and triplet T1 states. Both stem from metal+iodide-to-ligand charge transfer transitions. Evaluation of the emission decay dynamics, measured from 1.2 ≤ T ≤ 300 K, gives ∆E(S1-T1) = 380 cm−1 (47 meV), a transition rate of k(S1→S0) = 2.25 × 106 s−1 (445 ns), T1 zero-field splittings, transition rates from the triplet substates and spin-lattice relaxation times. We also discuss the interplay of S1-TADF and T1-phosphorescence. The combined emission paths shorten the overall decay time. For OLED applications, utilization of both singlet and triplet harvesting can be highly favorable for improvement of the device performance.
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27
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Li K, Chen Y, Wang J, Yang C. Diverse emission properties of transition metal complexes beyond exclusive single phosphorescence and their wide applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Solution-Processed OLEDs Based on Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Copper(I) Complexes with Intraligand Charge-Transfer Excited State. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041125. [PMID: 33672662 PMCID: PMC7924317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of tetrahedral heteroleptic copper(I) complexes exhibiting efficient thermally-activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in green to orange electromagnetic spectral regions has been developed by using D-A type N^N ligand and P^P ligands. Their structures, electrochemical, photophysical, and electroluminescence properties have been characterized. The complexes exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of up to 0.71 at room temperature in doped film and the lifetimes are in a wide range of 4.3–24.1 μs. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the complexes reveal the lowest-lying intraligand charge-transfer excited states that are localized on the N^N ligands. Solution-processed organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on one of the new emitters show a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 7.96%.
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29
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Teets TS, Wu Y, Kim D. Photophysical Properties and Redox Potentials of Photosensitizers for Organic Photoredox Transformations. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1390-9065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPhotoredox catalysis has proven to be a powerful tool in synthetic organic chemistry. The rational design of photosensitizers with improved photocatalytic performance constitutes a major advancement in photoredox organic transformations. This review summarizes the fundamental ground-state and excited-state photophysical and electrochemical attributes of molecular photosensitizers, which are important determinants of their photocatalytic reactivity.
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30
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Lan XB, Ye Z, Yang C, Li W, Liu J, Huang M, Liu Y, Ke Z. Tungsten-Catalyzed Direct N-Alkylation of Anilines with Alcohols. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:860-865. [PMID: 33350585 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of non-noble metals mediated chemistry is a major goal in homogeneous catalysis. Borrowing hydrogen/hydrogen autotransfer (BH/HA) reaction, as a straightforward and sustainable synthetic method, has attracted considerable attention in the development of non-noble metal catalysts. Herein, we report a tungsten-catalyzed N-alkylation reaction of anilines with primary alcohols via BH/HA. This phosphine-free W(phen)(CO)4 (phen=1,10-phenthroline) system was demonstrated as a practical and easily accessible in-situ catalysis for a broad range of amines and alcohols (up to 49 examples, including 16 previously undisclosed products). Notably, this tungsten system can tolerate numerous functional groups, especially the challenging substrates with sterically hindered substituents, or heteroatoms. Mechanistic insights based on experimental and computational studies are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Lan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application School of Chemistry & Biology and Environmental Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan Province, 423000, P. R. China
| | - Zongren Ye
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Chenhui Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Weikang Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ming Huang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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31
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Bilger JB, Kerzig C, Larsen CB, Wenger OS. A Photorobust Mo(0) Complex Mimicking [Os(2,2'-bipyridine) 3] 2+ and Its Application in Red-to-Blue Upconversion. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1651-1663. [PMID: 33434435 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osmium(II) polypyridines are a well-known class of complexes with luminescent metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited states that are currently experiencing a revival due to their application potential in organic photoredox catalysis, triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion, and phototherapy. At the same time, there is increased interest in the development of photoactive complexes made from Earth-abundant rather than precious metals. Against this background, we present a homoleptic Mo(0) complex with a new diisocyanide ligand exhibiting different bite angles and a greater extent of π-conjugation than previously reported related chelates. This new design leads to deep red emission, which is unprecedented for homoleptic arylisocyanide complexes of group 6 metals. With a 3MLCT lifetime of 56 ns, an emission band maximum at 720 nm, and a photoluminescence quantum yield of 1.5% in deaerated toluene at room temperature, the photophysical properties are reminiscent of the prototypical [Os(2,2'-bipyridine)3]2+ complex. Under 635 nm irradiation with a cw-laser, the new Mo(0) complex sensitizes triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion of 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA), resulting in delayed blue fluorescence with an anti-Stokes shift of 0.93 eV. The photorobustness of the Mo(0) complex and the upconversion quantum yield are high enough to generate a flux of upconverted light that can serve as a sufficiently potent irradiation source for a blue-light-driven photoisomerization reaction. These findings are relevant in the greater contexts of designing new luminophores and photosensitizers for use in red-light-driven photocatalysis, photochemical upconversion, light-harvesting, and phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob B Bilger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christopher B Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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32
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To WP, Wan Q, Tong GSM, Che CM. Recent Advances in Metal Triplet Emitters with d6, d8, and d10 Electronic Configurations. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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33
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To WP, Cheng G, Tong GSM, Zhou D, Che CM. Recent Advances in Metal-TADF Emitters and Their Application in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Front Chem 2020; 8:653. [PMID: 32850666 PMCID: PMC7411996 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, recent advances in new classes of efficient metal-TADF complexes, especially those of Au(I), Au(III), and W(VI), and their application in OLEDs are reviewed. The high performance (EQE = 25%) and long device operational lifetime (LT95 = 5,280 h) achieved in an OLED with tetradentate Au(III) TADF emitter reflect the competitiveness of this class of emitters for use in OLEDs with practical interest. The high EQE of 15.6% achieved in solution-processed OLED with W(VI) TADF emitter represents an alternative direction toward low-cost light-emitting materials. Finally, the design strategy of metal-TADF emitters and their next-stage development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Pong To
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China
| | - Glenna So Ming Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China
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34
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Yu D, To WP, Tong GSM, Wu LL, Chan KT, Du L, Phillips DL, Liu Y, Che CM. Luminescent tungsten(vi) complexes as photocatalysts for light-driven C-C and C-B bond formation reactions. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6370-6382. [PMID: 32874518 PMCID: PMC7448528 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01340d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The realization of photocatalysis for practical synthetic application hinges on the development of inexpensive photocatalysts which can be prepared on a large scale. Herein an air-stable, visible-light-absorbing photoluminescent tungsten(vi) complex which can be conveniently prepared at the gram-scale is described. This complex could catalyse photochemical organic transformation reactions including borylation of aryl halides, such as aryl chloride, reductive coupling of benzyl bromides for C-C bond formation, reductive coupling of phenacyl bromides, and decarboxylative coupling of redox-active esters of alkyl carboxylic acid with high product yields and broad functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohong Yu
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China .
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
| | - Wai-Pong To
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
| | - Glenna So Ming Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
| | - Liang-Liang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
| | - Kaai-Tung Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
| | - Lili Du
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
| | - Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China .
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China .
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
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35
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Xiong J, Li K, Teng T, Chang X, Wei Y, Wu C, Yang C. Dinuclear Zn
II
Complexes Exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and Luminescence Polymorphism. Chemistry 2020; 26:6887-6893. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfan Xiong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Blvd. Shenzhen 518055 P.R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Blvd. Shenzhen 518055 P.R. China
| | - Teng Teng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Blvd. Shenzhen 518055 P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Chang
- Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and Technology 1088 Xueyuan Blvd. Shenzhen 518055 P.R. China
| | - Yaxiong Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Blvd. Shenzhen 518055 P.R. China
| | - Chao Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Blvd. Shenzhen 518055 P.R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Blvd. Shenzhen 518055 P.R. China
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P.R. China
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36
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Delayed fluorescence from a zirconium(IV) photosensitizer with ligand-to-metal charge-transfer excited states. Nat Chem 2020; 12:345-352. [PMID: 32203439 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Advances in chemical control of the photophysical properties of transition-metal complexes are revolutionizing a wide range of technologies, particularly photocatalysis and light-emitting diodes, but they rely heavily on molecules containing precious metals such as ruthenium and iridium. Although the application of earth-abundant 'early' transition metals in photosensitizers is clearly advantageous, a detailed understanding of excited states with ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) character is paramount to account for their distinct electron configurations. Here we report an air- and moisture-stable, visible light-absorbing Zr(IV) photosensitizer, Zr(MesPDPPh)2, where [MesPDPPh]2- is the doubly deprotonated form of [2,6-bis(5-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)pyridine]. This molecule has an exceptionally long-lived triplet LMCT excited state (τ = 350 μs), featuring highly efficient photoluminescence emission (Ф = 0.45) due to thermally activated delayed fluorescence emanating from the higher-lying singlet configuration with significant LMCT contributions. Zr(MesPDPPh)2 engages in numerous photoredox catalytic processes and triplet energy transfer. Our investigation provides a blueprint for future photosensitizer development featuring early transition metals and excited states with significant LMCT contributions.
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Time-Resolved Spectroscopic Study of N,N-Di(4-bromo)nitrenium Ions in Acidic Aqueous Solution. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215512. [PMID: 31694248 PMCID: PMC6862224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrenium ions are common reactive intermediates with high activities towards some biological nucleophiles. In this paper, we employed femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) and nanosecond transient absorption (ns-TA) as well as nanosecond time-resolved resonance Raman (ns-TR3) spectroscopy and density function theory (DFT) calculations to study the spectroscopic properties of the N(4,4′–dibromodiphenylamino)–2,4,6–trimethylpyridinium BF4− salt (1) in an acidic aqueous solution. Efficient cleavage of the N–N bond (4 ps) to form the N,N–di(4–bromophenyl)nitrenium ion (DN) was also observed in the acidic aqueous solution. As a result, the dication intermediate 4 appears more likely to be produced after abstracting a proton for the nitrenium ion DN in the acid solution first, followed by an electron abstraction to form the radical cation intermediate 3. These new and more extensive time-resolved spectroscopic data will be useful to help to develop an improved understanding of the identity, nature, and properties of nitrenium ions involved in reactions under acidic aqueous conditions.
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