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Breitwieser K, Bevilacqua M, Mullassery S, Dankert F, Morgenstern B, Grandthyll S, Müller F, Biffis A, Hering‐Junghans C, Munz D. Pd 8(PDip) 6: Cubic, Unsaturated, Zerovalent. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400699. [PMID: 38634573 PMCID: PMC11220702 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Atomically precise nanoclusters hold promise for supramolecular assembly and (opto)electronic- as well as magnetic materials. Herein, this work reports that treating palladium(0) precursors with a triphosphirane affords strongly colored Pd8(PDip)6 that is fully characterized by mass spectrometry, heteronuclear and Cross-Polarization Magic-Angle Spinning (CP-MAS) NMR-, infrared (IR), UV-vis, and X-ray photoelectron (XP) spectroscopies, single-crystal X-Ray diffraction (sc-XRD), mass spectrometry, and cyclovoltammetry (CV). This coordinatively unsaturated 104-electron Pd(0) cluster features a cubic Pd8-core, µ4-capping phosphinidene ligands, and is air-stable. Quantum chemical calculations provide insight to the cluster's electronic structure and suggest 5s/4d orbital mixing as well as minor Pd─P covalency. Trapping experiments reveal that cluster growth proceeds via insertion of Pd(0) into the triphosphirane. The unsaturated cluster senses ethylene and binds isocyanides, which triggers the rearrangement to a tetrahedral structure with a reduced frontier orbital energy gap. These experiments demonstrate facile cluster manipulation and highlight non-destructive cluster rearrangement as is required for supramolecular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Breitwieser
- Coordination Chemistry Saarland UniversityCampus C4.1D‐66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Matteo Bevilacqua
- Coordination Chemistry Saarland UniversityCampus C4.1D‐66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità degli Studi di Padovavia Marzolo 1PadovaI‐35131Italy
| | - Sneha Mullassery
- Coordination Chemistry Saarland UniversityCampus C4.1D‐66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Fabian Dankert
- Coordination Chemistry Saarland UniversityCampus C4.1D‐66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Coordination Chemistry Saarland UniversityCampus C4.1D‐66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Samuel Grandthyll
- Experimental Physics and Center for BiophysicsSaarland UniversityCampus E2.9D‐66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Frank Müller
- Experimental Physics and Center for BiophysicsSaarland UniversityCampus E2.9D‐66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Andrea Biffis
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità degli Studi di Padovavia Marzolo 1PadovaI‐35131Italy
| | - Christian Hering‐Junghans
- Katalyse mit phosphorhaltigen MaterialienLeibniz Institut für Katalyse e.VAlbert‐Einstein‐Straße 29aD‐18059RostockGermany
| | - Dominik Munz
- Coordination Chemistry Saarland UniversityCampus C4.1D‐66123SaarbrückenGermany
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2
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Kudo E, Oba Y, Yamamoto K, Murahashi T. Di- and trinuclear sandwich complexes of a cross-conjugated fulvene. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1568-1573. [PMID: 36651809 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03521a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We report di- and trinuclear palladium sandwich complexes of cross-π-conjugated fulvenes. Structural and theoretical analysis revealed that a fulvene sandwich framework holds a metal-metal bonded moiety, where the dinuclear and trinuclear bonds feature strong donation and back-donation, respectively. The trinuclear fulvene sandwich complex undergoes a unique reversible extrusion of a Pd atom from inside to outside the sandwich framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kudo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Yuki Oba
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Tetsuro Murahashi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan.
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3
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Sunada Y, Yamaguchi K, Suzuki K. “Template synthesis” of discrete metal clusters with two- or three-dimensional architectures. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Kojima N, Kato M, Sunada Y. Discrete palladium clusters that consist of two mutually bisecting perpendicular planes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7610-7615. [PMID: 35872831 PMCID: PMC9241975 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02302d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The construction of novel molecules with unprecedented alignments of the constituent elements has revolutionized the field of functional materials. The arrangement of two or more planar subunits in a mutually perpendicular fashion is a frequently encountered approach to produce novel functional materials. Previous examples of such materials can be categorized into two well-investigated families: spiro-conjugated and dumbbell-shaped structures, wherein the two planes are aligned orthogonally via a single atom or an axis, respectively. This article describes a third family: reaction of [Pd(CNtBu)2]3 with Sn3Me8 or Ge6Me12 afforded a Pd7Sn4 cluster and a Pd8Ge6 cluster that consist of two mutually bisecting perpendicular planes. In the Pd7Sn4 cluster, the two equivalent Pd5Sn2 planes share three palladium atoms that include a dihedral angle of 85.6°. The construction of Pd7Sn4 and Pd8Ge6 clusters that consist of two mutually bisecting perpendicular planes was accomplished by the reaction of [Pd(CNtBu)2]3 with Me3Sn–SnMe2–SnMe3 or Ge6Me12.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505 Japan
| | - Misaki Kato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505 Japan
| | - Yusuke Sunada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505 Japan .,Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505 Japan
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5
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Alvarez S. From polygons to polyhedra through intermediate structures. A shape measures study of six-atom inorganic rings and clusters. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17101-17119. [PMID: 34779451 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03039f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the wealth of well-established molecular structures, inorganic rings and clusters present an overwhelming variety of geometries that chemists try to describe with a limited assortment of regular polygons and polyhedra. In the case of six-atom structures we usually employ the hexagon, the pentagonal pyramid, the trigonal prism and the octahedron. More often than not, however, real world structures deviate from those ideal geometries, and we try to cope with non-ideality by adding adjectives such as distorted, twisted, puckered or flattened, additionally nuanced by adverbs such as slightly, significantly or severely. This contribution presents a systematic structural perspective of six-atom groups in molecules by means of a continuous shape measures (CShM) analysis. The shape of a group of N points is defined by all the sets of 3 N Cartesian coordinates that can be generated by rigid translation, rotation, or isotropic scale change. Among all possible arrangements of N points in space, we select as reference shapes the corresponding regular N-vertex polygons and polyhedra, together with univocally defined combinations thereof (e.g., two coplanar or perpendicular edge-sharing squares). The present CShM study allows us to classify most of the structures not only by their closeness to a particular regular shape, but also by quantifying their position along minimal distortion interconversion pathways between two regular shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Alvarez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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6
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Shimamoto K, Sunada Y. Nuclearity expansion in Pd clusters triggered by the migration of a phenyl group in cyclooligosilanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7649-7652. [PMID: 34254083 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02682h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Heptanuclear palladium clusters with six palladium atoms in a planar arrangement were obtained from the reaction of [Pd(CNtBu)2]3 with Ph-substituted cyclotetrasilane or cyclopentasilane via the migration of a phenyl group. The molecular structures of these clusters as well as those of two possible intermediates were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Shimamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sunada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan and Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan and JST PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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Inoue I, Yamamoto K, Sakaki S, Murahashi T. Heterometallic d 8 -d 10 Coupling of Rh(I) and M(0) (M=Pd, Pt) in a Sandwich Framework of π-Conjugated Ligands. Chemistry 2021; 27:10558-10562. [PMID: 34003537 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A heterometallic M-M' bond formation is a key to construct atomically precise bimetallic clusters and materials. However, it is sometimes not straightforward to construct a heterometallic M-M' bond through conventional methods including redox condensation. Here, we found that a sandwich framework of π-conjugated unsaturated hydrocarbon ligands provides a unique coordination environment that facilitates unusual coupling of d8 RhI and d10 M0 (M=Pd, Pt). The molecular orbital analysis showed that the electron-accepting ability of the sandwich framework through back-donation allows the formation of a dσ-type Rh-Pd bond in a (d-d)18 electron system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iori Inoue
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 1528552, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 1528552, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Sakaki
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 6158510, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Murahashi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 1528552, Japan
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8
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Horiuchi S, Moon S, Ito A, Tessarolo J, Sakuda E, Arikawa Y, Clever GH, Umakoshi K. Multinuclear Ag Clusters Sandwiched by Pt Complex Units: Fluxional Behavior and Chiral-at-Cluster Photoluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10654-10660. [PMID: 33617126 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Multinuclear Ag clusters sandwiched by Pt complex units were synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and NMR studies. The sandwich-shaped multinuclear Ag complexes showed two different types of fluxional behavior in solution: rapid slippage of Pt complex units on the Ag3 core and a reversible demetalation-metalation reaction by the treatment with Cl anion and Ag ion, respectively. The Ag2 complex obtained by demetalation reaction from the Ag3 complex displayed U to Z isomerization. These multinuclear Ag complexes showed strong photoluminescence whose properties depended on the existence of Pt→Ag dative bonds. The Ag3 complex, identified to be "chiral-at-cluster", was optically resolved by the formation of a diastereomeric salt with a chiral anion. The enantiomers show circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties which is unprecedented for compounds based on a chiral sandwich structure. Theoretical calculations allow to understand their structural features and photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Horiuchi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sangjoon Moon
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Akitaka Ito
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
| | - Jacopo Tessarolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Eri Sakuda
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Arikawa
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Guido H Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Keisuke Umakoshi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
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9
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Horiuchi S, Moon S, Ito A, Tessarolo J, Sakuda E, Arikawa Y, Clever GH, Umakoshi K. Multinuclear Ag Clusters Sandwiched by Pt Complex Units: Fluxional Behavior and Chiral‐at‐Cluster Photoluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Horiuchi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science Graduate School of Engineering Nagasaki University 1–14, Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Sangjoon Moon
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science Graduate School of Engineering Nagasaki University 1–14, Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Akitaka Ito
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Kochi University of Technology 185 Miyanokuchi Tosayamada, Kami Kochi 782-8502 Japan
| | - Jacopo Tessarolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Eri Sakuda
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science Graduate School of Engineering Nagasaki University 1–14, Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Arikawa
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science Graduate School of Engineering Nagasaki University 1–14, Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Keisuke Umakoshi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science Graduate School of Engineering Nagasaki University 1–14, Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
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10
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Xu HL, Tkachenko NV, Wang ZC, Chen WX, Qiao L, Muñoz-Castro A, Boldyrev AI, Sun ZM. A sandwich-type cluster containing Ge@Pd 3 planar fragment flanked by aromatic nonagermanide caps. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5286. [PMID: 33082326 PMCID: PMC7575547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sandwich-type clusters with the planar fragment containing a heterometallic sheet have remained elusive. In this work, we introduce the [K(2,2,2-crypt)]4{(Ge9)2[η6-Ge(PdPPh3)3]} complex that contains a heterometallic sandwich fragment. The title compound is structurally characterized by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which reveals the presence of an unusual heteroatomic metal planar fragment Ge@Pd3. The planar fragment contains a rare formal zerovalent germanium core and a peculiar bonding mode of sp2-Ge@(PdPPh3)3 trigonal planar structure, whereas the nonagermanide fragments act as capping ligands. The chemical bonding pattern of the planar fragment consists of three 2c-2e Pd-Ge σ-bonds attaching Pd atoms to the core Ge atom, while the binding between the planar fragment and the aromatic Ge9 ligands is provided by six 2c-2e Pd-Ge σ-bonds and two delocalized 4c-2e σ-bonds. The synthesized cluster represents a rare example of a sandwich compound with the heteroatomic metal planar fragment and inorganic aromatic capping ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lei Xu
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Nikolay V Tkachenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-0300, USA
| | - Zi-Chuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei-Xing Chen
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Grupo de Química Inorgánicay Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux, 2801, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexander I Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-0300, USA.
| | - Zhong-Ming Sun
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
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