1
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Rodríguez-Nuévalos S, Espinosa M, Leyva-Pérez A. Soluble individual metal atoms and ultrasmall clusters catalyze key synthetic steps of a natural product synthesis. Commun Chem 2024; 7:76. [PMID: 38575790 PMCID: PMC10995175 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal individual atoms and few-atom clusters show extraordinary catalytic properties for a variety of organic reactions, however, their implementation in total synthesis of complex organic molecules is still to be determined. Here we show a 11-step linear synthesis of the natural product (±)-Licarin B, where individual Pd atoms (Pd1) catalyze the direct aerobic oxidation of an alcohol to the carboxylic acid (steps 1 and 6), Cu2-7 clusters catalyze carbon-oxygen cross couplings (steps 3 and 8), Pd3-4 clusters catalyze a Sonogashira coupling (step 4) and Pt3-5 clusters catalyze a Markovnikov hydrosylilation of alkynes (step 5), as key reactions during the synthetic route. In addition, the new synthesis of Licarin B showcases an unexpected selective alkene hydrogenation with metal-free NaBH4 and an acid-catalyzed intermolecular carbonyl-olefin metathesis as the last step, to forge a trans-alkene group. These results, together, open new avenues in the use of metal individual atoms and clusters in organic synthesis, and confirm their exceptional catalytic activity in late stages during complex synthetic programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rodríguez-Nuévalos
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Espinosa
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Leyva-Pérez
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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2
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To TA, Nguyen TV. Olefination of Aromatic Carbonyls via Site-Specific Activation of Cycloalkanone Ketals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317003. [PMID: 37997004 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal editing is an important strategy in organic synthesis as it modifies the carbon backbone to tailor molecular structures with precision, enabling access to compounds with specific desired properties. Skeletal editing empowers chemists to transform synthetic approaches of target compounds across diverse applications from drug discovery to materials science. Herein, we introduce a new skeletal editing method to convert readily available aromatic carbonyl compounds into valuable unsaturated carboxylic acids with extended carbon chains. Our reaction setup enables a cascade reaction of enolization-[2+2]cycloaddition-[2+2]cycloreversion between aromatic carbonyl compounds and ketals of cyclic ketones to generate unsaturated carboxylic acids as ring-opening products. Through a simple design, our substrates are specifically activated to react at predetermined positions to enhance selectivity and efficiency. This practical method offers convenient access to versatile organic building blocks as well as provides fresh insights into manipulating traditional reaction pathways for new synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuong Anh To
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney Anzac Parade, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney Anzac Parade, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
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3
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Todtz SR, Schneider CW, Malakar T, Anderson C, Koska H, Zimmerman PM, Devery JJ. Controlling Catalyst Behavior in Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:13069-13080. [PMID: 37279356 PMCID: PMC10517625 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lewis acid-catalyzed carbonyl-olefin metathesis has introduced a new means for revealing the behavior of Lewis acids. In particular, this reaction has led to the observation of new solution behaviors for FeCl3 that may qualitatively change how we think of Lewis acid activation. For example, catalytic metathesis reactions operate in the presence of superstoichiometric amounts of carbonyl, resulting in the formation of highly ligated (octahedral) iron geometries. These structures display reduced activity, decreasing catalyst turnover. As a result, it is necessary to steer the Fe-center away from inhibiting pathways to improve the reaction efficiency and augment yields for recalcitrant substrates. Herein, we examine the impact of the addition of TMSCl to FeCl3-catalyzed carbonyl-olefin metathesis, specifically for substrates that are prone to byproduct inhibition. Through kinetic, spectroscopic, and colligative experiments, significant deviations from the baseline metathesis reactivity are observed, including mitigation of byproduct inhibition as well as an increase in the reaction rate. Quantum chemical simulations are used to explain how TMSCl induces a change in catalyst structure that leads to these kinetic differences. Collectively, these data are consistent with the formation of a silylium catalyst, which induces the reaction through carbonyl binding. The FeCl3 activation of Si-Cl bonds to give the silylium active species is expected to have significant utility in enacting carbonyl-based transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophi R Todtz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Cory W Schneider
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Tanmay Malakar
- Department of Chemistry, Barasat College, 10 K.N.C. Road, Barasat, Kolkata 700124, West Bengal, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Clare Anderson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Heather Koska
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - James J Devery
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
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4
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Garnes–Portolés F, López–Cruz C, Sánchez–Quesada J, Espinós–Ferri E, Leyva–Pérez A. Solid-catalyzed synthesis of isomers–free terpinen–4–ol. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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To TA, Mai BK, Nguyen TV. Toward Homogeneous Brønsted-Acid-Catalyzed Intramolecular Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis Reactions. Org Lett 2022; 24:7237-7241. [PMID: 36166378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The carbonyl-olefin metathesis (COM) reaction is an attractive approach for the formation of a new carbon-carbon double bond from a carbonyl precursor. In principle, this reaction can be promoted by the activation of the carbonyl group with a Brønsted acid catalyst; however, it is often complicated as a result of unwanted side reactions under acidic conditions. Thus, there have been only a very few examples of Brønsted-acid-catalyzed COM reactions, all of which required specially designed setups. Herein, we report a new practical homogeneous Brønsted-acid-catalyzed protocol using nitromethane, a readily available solvent, to promote intramolecular ring-closing COM reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuong Anh To
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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6
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Quach PK, Hsu JH, Keresztes I, Fors BP, Lambert TH. Metal-Free Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization with Hydrazonium Initiators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203344. [PMID: 35302707 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cyclopropenes using hydrazonium initiators is described. The initiators, which are formed by the condensation of 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and an aldehyde, polymerize cyclopropene monomers by a sequence of [3+2] cycloaddition and cycloreversion reactions. This process generates short chain polyolefins (Mn ≤9.4 kg mol-1 ) with relatively low dispersities (Đ≤1.4). The optimized conditions showed efficiency comparable to that achieved with Grubbs' 2nd generation catalyst for the polymerization of 3-methyl-3-phenylcyclopropene. A positive correlation between monomer to initiator ratio and degree of polymerization was revealed through NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong K Quach
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, 122 Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jesse H Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, 122 Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ivan Keresztes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, 122 Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Brett P Fors
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, 122 Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Tristan H Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, 122 Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Parts-per-million of ruthenium catalyze the selective chain-walking reaction of terminal alkenes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2831. [PMID: 35595741 PMCID: PMC9123009 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The chain–walking of terminal alkenes (also called migration or isomerization reaction) is currently carried out in industry with unselective and relatively costly processes, to give mixtures of alkenes with significant amounts of oligomerized, branched and reduced by–products. Here, it is shown that part–per–million amounts of a variety of commercially available and in–house made ruthenium compounds, supported or not, transform into an extremely active catalyst for the regioselective migration of terminal alkenes to internal positions, with yields and selectivity up to >99% and without any solvent, ligand, additive or protecting atmosphere required, but only heating at temperatures >150 °C. The resulting internal alkene can be prepared in kilogram quantities, ready to be used in nine different organic reactions without any further treatment. The chain-walking of terminal alkenes is an industrially relevant reaction. Here, the authors show that part-per-million amounts of a variety of ruthenium compounds catalyze the reaction in yields and selectivity up to >99%, without any solvent or additive.
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8
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Anh To T, Pei C, Koenigs RM, Vinh Nguyen T. Hydrogen Bonding Networks Enable Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117366. [PMID: 34985790 PMCID: PMC9303705 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic chemists have learned to mimic nature in using hydrogen bonds and other weak interactions to dictate the spatial arrangement of reaction substrates and to stabilize transition states to enable highly efficient and selective reactions. The activation of a catalyst molecule itself by hydrogen‐bonding networks, in order to enhance its catalytic activity to achieve a desired reaction outcome, is less explored in organic synthesis, despite being a commonly found phenomenon in nature. Herein, we show our investigation into this underexplored area by studying the promotion of carbonyl‐olefin metathesis reactions by hydrogen‐bonding‐assisted Brønsted acid catalysis, using hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) solvent in combination with para‐toluenesulfonic acid (pTSA). Our experimental and computational mechanistic studies reveal not only an interesting role of HFIP solvent in assisting pTSA Brønsted acid catalyst, but also insightful knowledge about the current limitations of the carbonyl‐olefin metathesis reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuong Anh To
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney Anzac Parade, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Chao Pei
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney Anzac Parade, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
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9
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Quach PK, Hsu JH, Keresztes I, Fors BP, Lambert TH. Metal–Free Ring–Opening Metathesis Polymerization with Hydrazonium Initiators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phong K Quach
- Cornell University Chemistry and Chemical Biology 14853 Ithaca UNITED STATES
| | - Jesse H Hsu
- Cornell University Chemistry and Chemical Biology 14853 Ithaca UNITED STATES
| | - Ivan Keresztes
- Cornell University Chemistry and Chemical Biology 14853 Ithaca UNITED STATES
| | - Brett P Fors
- Cornell University Chemistry and Chemical Biology 14853 Ithaca UNITED STATES
| | - Tristan Hayes Lambert
- Cornell University Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory 14853 Ithaca UNITED STATES
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10
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Anh To T, Pei C, Koenigs RM, Vinh Nguyen T. Hydrogen Bonding Networks Enable Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Carbonyl‐Olefin Metathesis**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuong Anh To
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales, Sydney Anzac Parade Kensington NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Chao Pei
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales, Sydney Anzac Parade Kensington NSW 2052 Australia
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11
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Chen Y, Liu D, Wang R, Xu L, Tan J, Shu M, Tian L, Jin Y, Zhang X, Lin Z. Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis: Synthesis of Phenanthrenes via Phosphomolybdic Acid as a Catalyst. J Org Chem 2021; 87:351-362. [PMID: 34928599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Compared with the impressive achievements of catalytic carbonyl-olefin metathesis (CCOM) mediated by Lewis acid catalysts, exploration of the CCOM through Brønsted acid-catalyzed approaches remains quite challenging. Herein, we disclose a synthetic protocol for the construction of a valuable polycycle scaffold through the CCOM with the inexpensive, nontoxic phosphomolybdic acid as a catalyst. The current annulations could realize carbonyl-olefin, carbonyl-alcohol, and acetal-alcohol in situ CCOM reactions and feature mild reaction conditions, simple manipulation, and scalability, making this strategy a promising alternative to the Lewis acid-catalyzed COM reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Di Liu
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Jingyao Tan
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Mao Shu
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Lingfeng Tian
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xiaoke Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Zhihua Lin
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
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12
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Čubiňák M, Bigeon J, Galář P, Ondič L, Tobrman T. The Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Cycloalkenes Bearing π‐Conjugated Substituents and Their Optical Properties. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Čubiňák
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - John Bigeon
- Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Cukrovarnická 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Galář
- Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Cukrovarnická 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Ondič
- Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Cukrovarnická 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Tobrman
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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13
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Albright H, Davis AJ, Gomez-Lopez JL, Vonesh HL, Quach PK, Lambert TH, Schindler CS. Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9359-9406. [PMID: 34133136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This Review describes the development of strategies for carbonyl-olefin metathesis reactions relying on stepwise, stoichiometric, or catalytic approaches. A comprehensive overview of currently available methods is provided starting with Paternò-Büchi cycloadditions between carbonyls and alkenes, followed by fragmentation of the resulting oxetanes, metal alkylidene-mediated strategies, [3 + 2]-cycloaddition approaches with strained hydrazines as organocatalysts, Lewis acid-mediated and Lewis acid-catalyzed strategies relying on the formation of intermediate oxetanes, and protocols based on initial carbon-carbon bond formation between carbonyls and alkenes and subsequent Grob-fragmentations. The Review concludes with an overview of applications of these currently available methods for carbonyl-olefin metathesis in complex molecule synthesis. Over the past eight years, the field of carbonyl-olefin metathesis has grown significantly and expanded from stoichiometric reaction protocols to efficient catalytic strategies for ring-closing, ring-opening, and cross carbonyl-olefin metathesis. The aim of this Review is to capture the status quo of the field and is expected to contribute to further advancements in carbonyl-olefin metathesis in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Albright
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ashlee J Davis
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jessica L Gomez-Lopez
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hannah L Vonesh
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Phong K Quach
- Cornell University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 253 East Avenue, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Tristan H Lambert
- Cornell University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 253 East Avenue, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Corinna S Schindler
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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14
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Ghrairi S, Essalah K, Crousse B, Barhoumi-Slimi T. β-chlorovinylaldehydes as intermediates in the synthesis of new substituted β–fluoroalkoxyvinyl aldehydes and corresponding alcohols. J Fluor Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Malakar T, Hanson CS, Devery JJ, Zimmerman PM. Combined Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Lewis Acid-Carbonyl Interactions for Metathesis. ACS Catal 2021; 11:4381-4394. [PMID: 34017648 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The coordination of a carbonyl to a Lewis acid represents the first step in a wide range of catalytic transformations. In many reactions it is necessary for the Lewis acid to discriminate between starting material and product, and as a result, how these structures behave in solution must be characterized. Herein, we report the application of computational modeling to calculate properties of the solution interactions of acetone and benzaldehyde with FeCl3. Using these chemical models, we can predict spectral features in the carbonyl region of infrared (IR) spectroscopy. These simulated spectra are then directly compared to experimental spectra generated via titration-IR. We observe good agreement between theory and experiment, in that, between 0 and 1 equiv carbonyl with respect to FeCl3, a pairwise interaction dominates the spectra. When >1 equiv carbonyl is present, our theoretical model predicts two possible structures composed of 4:1 carbonyl to FeCl3, for acetone as well as benzaldehyde. When these predicted spectra are compared with titration-IR data, both structures contribute to the observed solution interactions. These findings suggest that the resting state of FeCl3-catalyzed carbonyl-based reactions employing simple substrates starts as a Lewis pair, but this structure is gradually consumed and becomes a highly ligated, catalytically less active Fe-centered complex as the reaction proceeds. An analytical model is proposed to quantify catalyst inhibition due to equilibrium between 1:1 and 4:1 carbonyl:Fe complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Malakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Carly S. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - James J. Devery
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Paul M. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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16
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17
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Mon M, Leyva-Pérez A. Zeolites catalyze selective reactions of large organic molecules. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acat.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Ura T, Shimbo D, Yudasaka M, Tada N, Itoh A. Synthesis of Phenol-Derived cis-Vinyl Ethers Using Ethynyl Benziodoxolone. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:4000-4004. [PMID: 33058543 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of cis-β-phenoxyvinyl benziodoxolones (cis-β-phenol-VBXs) from an ethynyl benziodoxolone-acetonitrile complex (EBX-MeCN) and various phenols is reported herein. The reaction tolerates different phenol derivatives, including complex natural products, and can be conducted under mild conditions. The synthesis was performed in an aqueous solvent in the absence and presence of a catalytic amount of a base. Selectively mono- and di-deuterated cis-β-phenol-VBXs were also prepared. cis-β-Phenol-VBXs were stereospecifically derivatized to cis-alkynylvinyl ethers and cis-iodovinyl ethers without loss of stereoselectivity or reduction in the deuterium/hydrogen ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Ura
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shimbo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masaharu Yudasaka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tada
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Akichika Itoh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
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Garnes-Portolés F, Rivero-Crespo MÁ, Leyva-Pérez A. Nanoceria as a recyclable catalyst/support for the cyanosilylation of ketones and alcohol oxidation in cascade. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Zhang Y, Sim JH, MacMillan SN, Lambert TH. Synthesis of 1,2-Dihydroquinolines via Hydrazine-Catalyzed Ring-Closing Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis. Org Lett 2020; 22:6026-6030. [PMID: 32667809 PMCID: PMC7880559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1,2-dihydroquinolines by the hydrazine-catalyzed ring-closing carbonyl-olefin metathesis (RCCOM) of N-prenylated 2-aminobenzaldehydes is reported. Substrates with a variety of substitution patterns are shown. With an acid-labile protecting group on the nitrogen atom, in situ deprotection and autoxidation furnish quinoline. In comparison with related oxygen-containing substrates, the cycloaddition step of the catalytic cycle is shown to be slower, but the cycloreversion is found to be more facile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Jae Hun Sim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Samantha N. MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Tristan H. Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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21
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Jermaks J, Quach PK, Seibel ZM, Pomarole J, Lambert TH. Ring-opening carbonyl-olefin metathesis of norbornenes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7884-7895. [PMID: 34094159 PMCID: PMC8163149 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02243h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A computational and experimental study of the hydrazine-catalyzed ring-opening carbonyl-olefin metathesis of norbornenes is described. Detailed theoretical investigation of the energetic landscape for the full reaction pathway with six different hydrazines revealed several crucial aspects for the design of next-generation hydrazine catalysts. This study indicated that a [2.2.2]-bicyclic hydrazine should offer substantially increased reactivity versus the previously reported [2.2.1]-hydrazine due to a lowered activation barrier for the rate-determining cycloreversion step, a prediction which was verified experimentally. Optimized conditions for both cycloaddition and cycloreversion steps were identified, and a brief substrate scope study for each was conducted. A complication for catalysis was found to be the slow hydrolysis of the ring-opened hydrazonium intermediates, which were shown to suffer from a competitive and irreversible cycloaddition with a second equivalent of norbornene. This problem was overcome by the strategic incorporation of a bridgehead methyl group on the norbornene ring, leading to the first demonstrated catalytic carbonyl-olefin metathesis of norbornene rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Jermaks
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Phong K Quach
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Zara M Seibel
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York New York 10025 USA
| | - Julien Pomarole
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York New York 10025 USA
| | - Tristan H Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York New York 10025 USA
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22
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Bao H, Zhou B, Luo SP, Xu Z, Jin H, Liu Y. P/N Heteroleptic Cu(I)-Photosensitizer-Catalyzed Deoxygenative Radical Alkylation of Aromatic Alkynes with Alkyl Aldehydes Using Dipropylamine as a Traceless Linker Agent. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyang Bao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Bingwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ping Luo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yunkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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Albright H, Vonesh HL, Schindler CS. Superelectrophilic Fe(III)–Ion Pairs as Stronger Lewis Acid Catalysts for (E)-Selective Intermolecular Carbonyl–Olefin Metathesis. Org Lett 2020; 22:3155-3160. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haley Albright
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hannah L. Vonesh
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Corinna S. Schindler
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Hanson CS, Psaltakis MC, Cortes JJ, Siddiqi SS, Devery JJ. Investigation of Lewis Acid-Carbonyl Solution Interactions via Infrared-Monitored Titration. J Org Chem 2020; 85:820-832. [PMID: 31830419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lewis acid-activation of carbonyl-containing substrates is broadly utilized in organic synthesis. In order to facilitate the development of novel reaction pathways and understand existing methods, it is necessary to determine the solution interactions between Lewis acids and Lewis bases. Herein, we report the application of in situ infrared spectroscopy and solution conductivity toward the identification of the solution structures formed when a range of carbonyl compounds are combined with catalytically active metal halide Lewis acids under synthetically relevant conditions. These data are consistent with formation of Lewis acid-dependent complexes, where metals of low relative Lewis acidity display no ground state interaction with carbonyls. Conversely, we observed the formation of polyligated complexes when stronger Lewis acids (SnCl4, TiCl4, ZrCl4, FeCl3, and AlCl3) were treated with ketones, aldehydes, and esters. This collection of observations is intended to assist the synthetic chemist in the design of new catalysts and the development of novel methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly S Hanson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Loyola University Chicago , Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road , Chicago , Illinois 60660 , United States
| | - Mary C Psaltakis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Loyola University Chicago , Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road , Chicago , Illinois 60660 , United States
| | - Janiel J Cortes
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Loyola University Chicago , Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road , Chicago , Illinois 60660 , United States
| | - Sameera S Siddiqi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Loyola University Chicago , Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road , Chicago , Illinois 60660 , United States
| | - James J Devery
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Loyola University Chicago , Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road , Chicago , Illinois 60660 , United States
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