1
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Ma Y, Liu C, Yang D, Fang Z, Huang W, Cheng R, Ye J. The developments of C-N bond formation via electrochemical Ritter-type reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39190317 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01210k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
With the development of organic electrochemical synthesis, a series of notable achievements have been made in electrochemical Ritter amination reactions, which have enriched the methods available for constructing C-N bonds. In this review, electrochemical Ritter amination reactions are introduced based on the classification of reaction substrates, including olefins, aromatics, alkylbenzenes, and the less reported carboxylic acids, ketones, sulfides, and alkanes. The application of electrochemical technology to Ritter reactions has improved the harsh conditions of the traditional reactions, and extended the substrate scope and the structural diversity of the products. The application value of Ritter reactions in organic synthesis has also been further expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Ma
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Caixia Liu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Dali Yang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ziqi Fang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wenhui Huang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ruihua Cheng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jinxing Ye
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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2
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Qian P, Zhu D, Wang X, Sun Q, Zhang S. Electrochemical Benzylic C(sp 3)-H Imidation Enabled by Benzoic Acid Derived Radicals. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6395-6404. [PMID: 38621116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
We developed an electrochemical approach for benzylic C(sp3)-H imidation by virtue of the in situ generated oxygen-centered radicals (OCRs). The electrochemical imidation provides a complementary approach to giving distinct imide products compared with previous acyloxylation products. This protocol exhibits good site selectivity and broad substrate generality. Moreover, the utility of the OCR-mediated protocol was extended to the electrochemical oxidation of silane, and its robustness was also highlighted by the imidation of complex substrates, which would otherwise be inaccessible for previous approaches. A plausible reaction mechanism was proposed to rationalize the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qian
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Biomass-Derived, Functional Oligosaccharides Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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3
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Zhou W, Chen P, Li ZQ, Xiao LT, Bai J, Song XR, Luo MJ, Xiao Q. Electrochemical 1,3-Alkyloxylimidation of Arylcyclopropane Radical Cations: Four-Component Access to Imide Derivatives. Org Lett 2023; 25:6919-6924. [PMID: 37695045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a general electrochemical radical-cation-mediated four-component ring-opening 1,3-alkyloxylimidation of arylcyclopropanes, acetonitrile, carboxylic acids, and alcohols is described, providing a facile and sustainable approach to quickly construct structurally diverse imide derivatives from easily available raw materials in an operationally simple undivided cell. This metal-catalyst- and oxidant-free single-electron oxidation strategy offers a green alternative for the formation of highly reactive cyclopropane-derived radical cations, and this protocol features a broad functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Zi-Qiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Li-Tong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Jiang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Xian-Rong Song
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Mu-Jia Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
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4
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Long Y, Yang C, Wu Y, Deng B, Li Z, Hussain N, Wang K, Wang R, He X, Du P, Guo Z, Lang J, Huang K, Wu H. Cable-Car Electrocatalysis to Drive Fully Decoupled Water Splitting. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301872. [PMID: 37395639 PMCID: PMC10502859 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for clean energy conversion and storage has increased interest in hydrogen production via electrolytic water splitting. However, the simultaneous production of hydrogen and oxygen in this process poses a challenge in extracting pure hydrogen without using ionic conducting membranes. Researchers have developed various innovative designs to overcome this issue, but continuous water splitting in separated tanks remains a desirable approach. This study presents a novel, continuous roll-to-roll process that enables fully decoupled hydrogen evaluation reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in two separate electrolyte tanks. The system utilizes specially designed "cable-car" electrodes (CCE) that cycle between the HER and OER tanks, resulting in continuous hydrogen production with a purity of over 99.9% and Coulombic efficiency of 98% for prolonged periods. This membrane-free water splitting system offers promising prospects for scaled-up industrial-scale green hydrogen production, as it reduces the cost and complexity of the system, and allows for the use of renewable energy sources to power the electrolysis process, thus reducing the carbon footprint of hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Long
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine ProcessingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine ProcessingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- Center of Advanced Mechanics and Materials Applied Mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yulong Wu
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine ProcessingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Bohan Deng
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine ProcessingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Ziwei Li
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine ProcessingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Naveed Hussain
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine ProcessingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Kuangyu Wang
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine ProcessingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Ruyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications & School of ScienceBeijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing100876China
| | - Xian He
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications & School of ScienceBeijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing100876China
| | - Peng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications & School of ScienceBeijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing100876China
| | - Zeliang Guo
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine ProcessingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Jialiang Lang
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine ProcessingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Kai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications & School of ScienceBeijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing100876China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine ProcessingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
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5
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Ogawa A, Yamamoto Y. Multicomponent Reactions between Heteroatom Compounds and Unsaturated Compounds in Radical Reactions. Molecules 2023; 28:6356. [PMID: 37687185 PMCID: PMC10488953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this mini-review, we present our concepts for designing multicomponent reactions with reference to a series of sequential radical reactions that we have developed. Radical reactions are well suited for the design of multicomponent reactions due to their high functional group tolerance and low solvent sensitivity. We have focused on the photolysis of interelement compounds with a heteroatom-heteroatom single bond, which readily generates heteroatom-centered radicals, and have studied the photoinduced radical addition of interelement compounds to unsaturated compounds. First, the background of multicomponent radical reactions is described, and basic concepts and methodology for the construction of multicomponent reactions are explained. Next, examples of multicomponent reactions involving two interelement compounds and one unsaturated compound are presented, as well as examples of multicomponent reactions involving one interelement compound and two unsaturated compounds. Furthermore, multicomponent reactions involving intramolecular cyclization processes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiya Ogawa
- Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan;
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6
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Wen L, Zhou N, Zhang Z, Liu C, Xu S, Feng P, Li H. Electrochemical Difunctionalization of gem-Difluoroalkenes: A Metal-Free Synthesis of α-Difluoro(alkoxyl/azolated) Methylated Ethers. Org Lett 2023; 25:3308-3313. [PMID: 37129411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A scalable electrochemical difunctionalization of gem-difluoroalkenes to structurally versatile difluoro motifs was achieved. This methodology features reagent-free conditions, good functional group tolerance, and a relatively broad substrate scope. Meanwhile, the electrolysis protocol is easy to handle, and the products show good regio- and chemoselectivity. The reaction mechanism was also preliminarily studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzi Wen
- PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Naifu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shihai Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pengju Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hongsheng Li
- PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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7
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Electrochemical oxidative difunctionalization of diazo compounds with two different nucleophiles. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1476. [PMID: 36928311 PMCID: PMC10020561 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With the fast development of synthetic chemistry, the introduction of functional group into organic molecules has attracted increasing attention. In these reactions, the difunctionalization of unsaturated bonds, traditionally with one nucleophile and one electrophile, is a powerful strategy for the chemical synthesis. In this work, we develop a different path of electrochemical oxidative difunctionalization of diazo compounds with two different nucleophiles. Under metal-free and external oxidant-free conditions, a series of structurally diverse heteroatom-containing compounds hardly synthesized by traditional methods (such as high-value alkoxy-substituted phenylthioacetates, α-thio, α-amino acid derivatives as well as α-amino, β-amino acid derivatives) are obtained in synthetically useful yields. In addition, the procedure exhibits mild reaction conditions, excellent functional-group tolerance and good efficiency on large-scale synthesis. Importantly, the protocol is also amenable to the key intermediate of bioactive molecules in a simple and practical process.
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8
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Electrochemical synthesis of 5-trifluoroethyl dihydrobenzimidazo[2,1-a] isoquinolines from pendent unactivated alkenes via radical relay. Tetrahedron Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2023.154410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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9
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Gu Q, Cheng Z, Qiu X, Zeng X. Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Functionalization of Isocyanides. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200177. [PMID: 36126178 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Isocyanides are well-known as efficient CO surrogates and C1 synthons in modern organic synthesis. Although tremendous efforts have been devoted to fully exploiting the reactivity of isocyanides, these transformations are primarily limited by their utilization of stoichiometric toxic chemical oxidants. With the recent resurgence of organic electrochemistry, which has considerably laid dormant over the past several decades, electrolysis has been identified as a green and powerful tool to enrich structural diversity by solely utilizing electric current as clean and inherently safe redox equivalents of stoichiometric chemical oxidants. In this regard, the unique reactivity of isocyanides has been studied in numerous electrochemical transformations. This review comprehensively highlights the most relevant progress in electrochemical strategies towards the functionalization of isocyanides up until June of 2022, with a focus on reaction outcomes and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Zhenfeng Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Xiaobao Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
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10
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Wan JL, Huang JM. Electrochemically Enabled Sulfoximido-Oxygenation of Alkenes with NH-Sulfoximines and Alcohols. Org Lett 2022; 24:8914-8919. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Jing-Mei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
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11
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Ruan HL, Deng YX, Li ZJ, Zhao SY. Copper(I)-Catalyzed Three-Component Selenosulfonation of Maleimides with Sulfonyl Hydrazides and Diselenides via Radical Relay. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15661-15669. [PMID: 36317696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
By employing Cu(CH3CN)4PF6 as the catalyst and tert-butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant, we realized a three-component radical selenosulfonation of substituted maleimides, sulfonyl hydrazides, and diphenyl diselenides, providing a series of 3,4-selenosulfonylated succinimides in moderate to good yields. This reaction features broad substrate scopes, high functional-group tolerability, and feasibility of gram-scale synthesis, enabling one-step construction of C-SO2 and C-Se bonds under mild reaction conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies support the free-radical-induced pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Ruan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Xia Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Jing Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Yin Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
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12
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Yang S, Liu C, Shangguan X, Li Y, Zhang Q. A copper-catalyzed four-component reaction of arylcyclopropanes, nitriles, carboxylic acids and N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide: facile synthesis of imide derivatives. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13117-13121. [PMID: 36425490 PMCID: PMC9667929 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04913a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented copper-catalyzed four-component reaction of arylcyclopropanes, nitriles, carboxylic acids and N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) has been successfully developed, which represents the first example of a four-component reaction of non-donor-acceptor cyclopropanes. A wide range of imide derivatives were efficiently synthesized in excellent yields under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin 130024 China
- Heze Branch, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province 274000 China
| | - Chunyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin 130024 China
| | - Xiaoyan Shangguan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin 130024 China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin 130024 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin 130024 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
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13
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Du X, Xu D, Xu G, Yu C, Jiang X. Synthesis of Imidized Cyclobutene Derivatives by Strain Release of [1.1.1]Propellane. Org Lett 2022; 24:7323-7327. [PMID: 36190793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the metal-free synthesis of imidized methylene cyclobutane derivatives via a strain-release driven addition reaction of [1.1.1]propellane. Using this strategy, the methylene cyclobutyl cation intermediate generated by protonation of [1.1.1]propellane was found to be trapped by nitriles to form a nitrilium ion intermediate, which subsequently reacted with carboxylic acids to produce imidized methylene cyclobutene derivatives via a Mumm-type rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Di Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Gongcheng Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Chuanming Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xinpeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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14
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Cai BG, Yao WZ, Li L, Xuan J. Visible-Light-Induced Imide Synthesis through a Nitrile Ylide Formation/Trapping Cascade. Org Lett 2022; 24:6647-6652. [PMID: 36053175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-promoted three component reaction of diazo compounds, nitriles, and carboxylic acids is reported. The reaction utilizes acceptor-only diazo compounds as carbene precursors and nitriles as carbene-trapping reagents to form the key nitrile ylides. Under the optimal reaction conditions, a wide range of imide products were obtained in good to excellent yields. The gram-scale synthesis and synthetic application of the imide products to form isoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-dione derivatives further proved the value of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Gui Cai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhong Yao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
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15
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Zhu Y, Jiang C, Li H, Liu P, Sun P. Electrochemical Aerobic Oxygenation and Nitrogenation of Cyclic Alkenes via C═C Bond Cleavage or Oxygenation and Azidation of Open-Chain Alkenes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11031-11041. [PMID: 35917464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An efficient strategy involving electrochemical C═C double-bond cleavage and functionalization of cyclic alkenes for the synthesis of ketonitriles is described. This transformation features environmentally friendly conditions and utilizes relatively safe TMSN3 as the nitrogenation reagent and molecular oxygen as the oxidant. For the open-chain alkenes, the reaction gave 1,2-difunctionalized products. A wide range of cyclic alkenes and open-chain alkenes were found to be compatible, providing the corresponding ketonitriles and α-azido aromatic ketones in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Heng Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peipei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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16
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Luo MJ, Xiao Q, Li JH. Electro-/photocatalytic alkene-derived radical cation chemistry: recent advances in synthetic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7206-7237. [PMID: 35880555 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00013j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alkene-derived radical cations are versatile reactive intermediates and have been widely applied in the construction of complex functionalized molecules and cyclic systems for chemical synthesis. Therefore, the synthetic application of these alkene-derived radical cations represents a powerful and green tool that can be used to achieve the functionalization of alkenes partially because the necessity of stoichiometric external chemical oxidants and/or hazardous reaction conditions is eliminated. This review summarizes the recent advances in the synthetic applications of the electro-/photochemical alkene-derived radical cations, emphasizing the key single-electron oxidation steps of the alkenes, the scope and limitations of the substrates, and the related reaction mechanisms. Using electrocatalysis and/or photocatalysis, single electron transfer (SET) oxidation of the CC bonds in the alkenes occurs, generating the alkene-derived radical cations, which sequentially enables the functionalization of translocated radical cations to occur in two ways: the first involves direct reaction with a nucleophile/radical or two molecules of nucleophiles to realize hydrofunctionalization, difunctionalization and cyclization; and the second involves the transformation of the alkene-derived radical cations into carbon-centered radicals using a base followed by radical coupling or oxidative nucleophilic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Jia Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 475004, China
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17
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Jiang C, Zhu Y, Li H, Liu P, Sun P. Direct Cyanation of Thiophenols or Thiols to Access Thiocyanates under Electrochemical Conditions. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10026-10033. [PMID: 35866614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical cross-coupling method for the synthesis of thiocyanates via the direct cyanation of readily available thiophenols or thiols with trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) was developed. This approach was also suitable for selenols. External oxidant-free, transition-metal-free and mild operating conditions were the main advantages of this protocol. A series of thiocyanates and selenocyanates could be obtained in moderate to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Heng Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peipei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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18
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Shennan BDA, Berheci D, Crompton JL, Davidson TA, Field JL, Williams BA, Dixon DJ. Branching out: redox strategies towards the synthesis of acyclic α-tertiary ethers. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5878-5929. [PMID: 35770619 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00669j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acyclic α-tertiary ethers represent a highly prevalent functionality, common to high-value bioactive molecules, such as pharmaceuticals and natural products, and feature as crucial synthetic handles in their construction. As such their synthesis has become an ever-more important goal in synthetic chemistry as the drawbacks of traditional strong base- and acid-mediated etherifications have become more limiting. In recent years, the generation of highly reactive intermediates via redox approaches has facilitated the synthesis of highly sterically-encumbered ethers and accordingly these strategies have been widely applied in α-tertiary ether synthesis. This review summarises and appraises the state-of-the-art in the application of redox strategies enabling acyclic α-tertiary ether synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D A Shennan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Diana Berheci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Jessica L Crompton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Timothy A Davidson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Joshua L Field
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Benedict A Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Darren J Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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19
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Coppola GA, Pillitteri S, Van der Eycken EV, You SL, Sharma UK. Multicomponent reactions and photo/electrochemistry join forces: atom economy meets energy efficiency. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2313-2382. [PMID: 35244107 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00510c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light photoredox catalysis has been regarded as an extremely powerful tool in organic chemistry, bringing the spotlight back to radical processes. The versatility of photocatalyzed reactions has already been demonstrated to be effective in providing alternative routes for cross-coupling as well as multicomponent reactions. The photocatalyst allows the generation of high-energy intermediates through light irradiation rather than using highly reactive reagents or harsh reaction conditions. In a similar vein, organic electrochemistry has experienced a fruitful renaissance as a tool for generating reactive intermediates without the need for any catalyst. Such milder approaches pose the basis toward higher selectivity and broader applicability. In photocatalyzed and electrochemical multicomponent reactions, the generation of the radical species acts as a starter of the cascade of events. This allows for diverse reactivity and the use of reagents is usually not covered by classical methods. Owing to the availability of cheaper and more standardized photo- and electrochemical reactors, as well as easily scalable flow-setups, it is not surprising that these two fields have become areas of increased research interest. Keeping these in view, this review is aimed at providing an overview of the synthetic approaches in the design of MCRs involving photoredox catalysis and/or electrochemical activation as a crucial step with particular focus on the choice of the difunctionalized reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo A Coppola
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Serena Pillitteri
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium. .,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Upendra K Sharma
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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20
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Li X, Tao P, Cheng Y, Hu Q, Huang W, Li Y, Luo Z, Huang G. Recent Progress on the Electrochemical Difunctionalization of Alkenes/Alkynes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202204066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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21
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Ye Z, Zhu R, Wang F, Jiang H, Zhang F. Electrochemical Difunctionalization of Styrenes via Chemoselective Oxo-Azidation or Oxo-Hydroxyphthalimidation. Org Lett 2021; 23:8240-8245. [PMID: 34697944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atom- and step-economic oxo-azidation and oxo-hydroxyphthalimidation of styrenes have been developed under mild electrolytic conditions, respectively. Various valuable alpha-azido or hydroxyphthalimide aromatic ketones were synthesized efficiently from readily available styrenes, azides, and N-hydroxyphthalimides. Mechanism studies show that two different pathways involved in these two transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghui Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjin Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Haobin Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengzhi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
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22
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Guan Z, Zhu S, Yang Y, Liu Y, Wang S, Bu F, Cong H, Alhumade H, Zhang H, Lei A. Electrochemically selective double C(sp 2)-X (X = S/Se, N) bond formation of isocyanides. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14121-14125. [PMID: 34760196 PMCID: PMC8565391 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04475c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The construction of C(sp2)-X (X = B, N, O, Si, P, S, Se, etc.) bonds has drawn growing attention since heteroatomic compounds play a prominent role from biological to pharmaceutical sciences. The current study demonstrates the C(sp2)-S/Se and C(sp2)-N bond formation of one carbon of isocyanides with thiophenols or disulfides or diselenides and azazoles simultaneously. The reported findings could provide access to novel multiple isothioureas, especially hitherto rarely reported selenoureas. The protocol showed good atom-economy and step-economy with only hydrogen evolution and theoretical calculations accounted for the stereoselectivity of the products. Importantly, the electrochemical reaction could exclusively occur at the isocyano part regardless of the presence of susceptible radical acceptors, such as a broad range of arenes and alkynyl moieties, even alkenyl moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Guan
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxiang Zhu
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Yankai Yang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Faxiang Bu
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Hengjiang Cong
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Hesham Alhumade
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia.,Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Heng Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 People's Republic of China .,National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 Jiangxi P. R. China.,King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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23
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Dai C, Shen Y, Wei Y, Liu P, Sun P. Electrochemical Oxidative Difunctionalization of Alkenes to Access α-Oxygenated Ketones. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13711-13719. [PMID: 34523934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Dioxygenation of alkenes was developed by the combination of electrochemical synthesis and aerobic oxidation, leading to easy accessibility of α-oxygenated ketones in an eco-friendly fashion. Using air as the oxygen source and the absence of transition metals were the critical features of this protocol. A wide range of alkenes and N-hydroxyimides were found to be compatible and provided α-oxygenated ketones in moderate to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Dai
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yijie Shen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yifan Wei
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peipei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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24
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Thadathil DA, Varghese A, Radhakrishnan KV. The Renaissance of Electro‐Organic Synthesis for the Difunctionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes: A Sustainable Approach. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ditto Abraham Thadathil
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Anitha Varghese
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Kokkuvayil Vasu Radhakrishnan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
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25
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Lin Y, Jin J, Wang C, Wan JP, Liu Y. Electrochemical C-H Halogenations of Enaminones and Electron-Rich Arenes with Sodium Halide (NaX) as Halogen Source for the Synthesis of 3-Halochromones and Haloarenes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12378-12385. [PMID: 34392684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Without employing an external oxidant, the simple synthesis of 3-halochromones and various halogenated electron-rich arenes has been realized with electrode oxidation by employing the simplest sodium halide (NaX, X = Cl, Br, I) as halogen source. This electrochemical method is advantageous for the simple and mild room temperature operation, environmental friendliness as well as broad substrate scope in both C-H bond donor and halogen source components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Jin
- BioDuro-Sundia, 233 North FuTe Road, Shanghai200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoli Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Ping Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang330022, People's Republic of China
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26
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Zhang X, Lu D, Wang Z. Electrochemical Induced Regio‐ and Stereoselective Difunctionalization of Alkynes: The Synthesis of (
E
)‐β‐Iodovinyl Sulfones. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology 100 Hai-Quan Road Shanghai 201418 China
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Danna Lu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology 100 Hai-Quan Road Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Zhenwei Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology 100 Hai-Quan Road Shanghai 201418 China
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27
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Saha D, Taily IM, Kumar R, Banerjee P. Electrochemical rearrangement protocols towards the construction of diverse molecular frameworks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2464-2478. [PMID: 33616597 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00116g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rearrangement reactions constitute a critical facet of synthetic organic chemistry and demonstrate an attractive way to take advantage of existing structures to access various important molecular frameworks. Electroorganic chemistry has emerged as an environmentally benign approach to carry out organic transformations by directly employing an electric current and avoids the use of stoichiometric chemical oxidants. The last few years have witnessed a resurgence of electroorganic chemistry that has promoted a renaissance of interest in the development of novel redox electroorganic transformations. This review manifests the evolution of electrosynthesis in the area of rearrangement chemistry and covers the achievements in the field of migration, ring expansion, and rearrangements along with the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarshi Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Irshad Maajid Taily
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Prabal Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
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28
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Ke J, Liu W, Zhu X, Tan X, He C. Electrochemical Radical Silyl‐Oxygenation of Activated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8744-8749. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ke
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Wentan Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xujiang Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xingfa Tan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Chuan He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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29
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Ke J, Liu W, Zhu X, Tan X, He C. Electrochemical Radical Silyl‐Oxygenation of Activated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ke
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Wentan Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xujiang Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xingfa Tan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Chuan He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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30
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Cui T, Zhan Y, Dai C, Lin J, Liu P, Sun P. Electrochemical Oxidative Regioselective C–H Cyanation of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15897-15905. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c03026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cui
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanling Zhan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Changhui Dai
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Lin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Changzhou Innovation and Development Institute, Nanjing Normal University, Changzhou 213022, China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Changzhou Innovation and Development Institute, Nanjing Normal University, Changzhou 213022, China
| | - Peipei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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31
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Wei BY, Xie DT, Lai SQ, Jiang Y, Fu H, Wei D, Han B. Electrochemically Tuned Oxidative [4+2] Annulation and Dioxygenation of Olefins with Hydroxamic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3182-3188. [PMID: 33058402 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This work represents the first [4+2] annulation of hydroxamic acids with olefins for the synthesis of benzo[c][1,2]oxazines scaffold via anode-selective electrochemical oxidation. This protocol features mild conditions, is oxidant free, shows high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity, broad substrate scope of both alkenes and hydroxamic acids, and is compatible with terpenes, peptides, and steroids. Significantly, the dioxygenation of olefins employing hydroxamic acid is also successfully achieved by switching the anode material under the same reaction conditions. The study not only reveals a new reactivity of hydroxamic acids and its first application in electrosynthesis but also provides a successful example of anode material-tuned product selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Yi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Tai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Qiang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Dian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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32
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Li J, Yao J, Chen L, Zou D, Walsh PJ, Liang G. Chemoselective acylation of N-acylglutarimides with N-acylpyrroles and aryl esters under transition-metal-free conditions. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00992c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The imide moiety is a well-known structural motif in bioactive compounds and a useful building block in a variety of processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, P. R. China
| | - Lingfeng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
| | - Dong Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, P. R. China
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | - Guang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
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33
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Claraz A, Djian A, Masson G. Electrochemical tandem trifluoromethylation of allylamines/formal (3 + 2)-cycloaddition for the rapid access to CF3-containing imidazolines and oxazolidines. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01307b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward and environmentally friendly synthesis of CF3-containing imidazolines and oxazolidines has been developed through an electrochemical three-component reaction among allylamines, the Langlois reagent, and nitrile or carbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Claraz
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- Université Paris Saclay
- CNRS
- UPR2301
- 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex
| | - Aurélie Djian
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- Université Paris Saclay
- CNRS
- UPR2301
- 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex
| | - Géraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- Université Paris Saclay
- CNRS
- UPR2301
- 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex
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34
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Chen X, Xiao F, He WM. Recent developments in the difunctionalization of alkenes with C–N bond formation. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00375e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Various alkene difunctionalization reactions involving nitridization, diamination, azidation, oxyamination, carboamination, aminohalogenation, and nitration are introduced in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Wei-Min He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
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35
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Wei B, Xie D, Lai S, Jiang Y, Fu H, Wei D, Han B. Electrochemically Tuned Oxidative [4+2] Annulation and Dioxygenation of Olefins with Hydroxamic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bang‐Yi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Dong‐Tai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Sheng‐Qiang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Hong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Dian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
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36
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Zhang W, Lin S. Electroreductive Carbofunctionalization of Alkenes with Alkyl Bromides via a Radical-Polar Crossover Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20661-20670. [PMID: 33231074 PMCID: PMC7951757 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry grants direct access to reactive intermediates (radicals and ions) in a controlled fashion toward selective organic transformations. This feature has been demonstrated in a variety of alkene functionalization reactions, most of which proceed via an anodic oxidation pathway. In this report, we further expand the scope of electrochemistry to the reductive functionalization of alkenes. In particular, the strategic choice of reagents and reaction conditions enabled a radical-polar crossover pathway wherein two distinct electrophiles can be added across an alkene in a highly chemo- and regioselective fashion. Specifically, we used this strategy in the intermolecular carboformylation, anti-Markovnikov hydroalkylation, and carbocarboxylation of alkenes-reactions with rare precedents in the literature-by means of the electroreductive generation of alkyl radical and carbanion intermediates. These reactions employ readily available starting materials (alkyl halides, alkenes, etc.) and simple, transition-metal-free conditions and display broad substrate scope and good tolerance of functional groups. A uniform protocol can be used to achieve all three transformations by simply altering the reaction medium. This development provides a new avenue for constructing Csp3-Csp3 bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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37
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Zhang TT, Luo MJ, Li Y, Song RJ, Li JH. Electrochemical Alkoxyhalogenation of Alkenes with Organohalides as the Halide Sources via Dehalogenation. Org Lett 2020; 22:7250-7254. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Mu-Jia Luo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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38
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Wang JH, Lei T, Wu HL, Nan XL, Li XB, Chen B, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Thiol Activation toward Selective Thiolation of Aromatic C-H Bond. Org Lett 2020; 22:3804-3809. [PMID: 32343142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Direct C-S bond coupling is an attractive way to construct aryl sulfur ether, a building block for a variety of biological active molecules. Herein, we disclose an effective model for regioselective thiolation of the aromatic C-H bond by thiol activation instead of arene activation. Strikingly, this method has been applied into anisole derivatives that are not available in the arene activation approach to forge a single thioether isomer with high reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Tao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lei Nan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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39
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Lux M, Klussmann M. Additions of Aldehyde-Derived Radicals and Nucleophilic N-Alkylindoles to Styrenes by Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:3697-3701. [PMID: 32286834 PMCID: PMC7304929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
consecutive addition of acyl radicals and N-alkylindole
nucleophiles to styrenes was established, as well as
some additional radical–nucleophile combinations. Both aryl
and aliphatic aldehydes give reasonable yields. The reaction proceeds
best for α-substituted styrenes, effectively creating a quaternary
all-carbon center. Some iridium-based photoredox systems are catalytically
active; furthermore, a base is needed in this transformation. Radicals
are formed by reductive perester cleavage and hydrogen atom transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Lux
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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40
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Zhang J, Xie S, Liu P, Sun P. Mild and Regioselective Three‐component Heteroarylation‐Nitration of Alkenes with Imidazo[1,2‐
a
]pyridines and
tert
‐Butyl Nitrite. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional MaterialsNanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
| | - Shentong Xie
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional MaterialsNanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional MaterialsNanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional MaterialsNanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
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