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Li J, Liang J, Wang Z, Ptaszek AL, Liu X, Ganoe B, Head-Gordon M, Head-Gordon T. Highly Accurate Prediction of NMR Chemical Shifts from Low-Level Quantum Mechanics Calculations Using Machine Learning. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:2152-2166. [PMID: 38331423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Theoretical predictions of NMR chemical shifts from first-principles can greatly facilitate experimental interpretation and structure identification of molecules in gas, solution, and solid-state phases. However, accurate prediction of chemical shifts using the gold-standard coupled cluster with singles, doubles, and perturbative triple excitations [CCSD(T)] method with a complete basis set (CBS) can be prohibitively expensive. By contrast, machine learning (ML) methods offer inexpensive alternatives for chemical shift predictions but are hampered by generalization to molecules outside the original training set. Here, we propose several new ideas in ML of the chemical shift prediction for H, C, N, and O that first introduce a novel feature representation, based on the atomic chemical shielding tensors within a molecular environment using an inexpensive quantum mechanics (QM) method, and train it to predict NMR chemical shieldings of a high-level composite theory that approaches the accuracy of CCSD(T)/CBS. In addition, we train the ML model through a new progressive active learning workflow that reduces the total number of expensive high-level composite calculations required while allowing the model to continuously improve on unseen data. Furthermore, the algorithm provides an error estimation, signaling potential unreliability in predictions if the error is large. Finally, we introduce a novel approach to keep the rotational invariance of the features using tensor environment vectors (TEVs) that yields a ML model with the highest accuracy compared to a similar model using data augmentation. We illustrate the predictive capacity of the resulting inexpensive shift machine learning (iShiftML) models across several benchmarks, including unseen molecules in the NS372 data set, gas-phase experimental chemical shifts for small organic molecules, and much larger and more complex natural products in which we can accurately differentiate between subtle diastereomers based on chemical shift assignments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jiashu Liang
- Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhe Wang
- Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Aleksandra L Ptaszek
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for High-Content Structural Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, Vienna 1030, Austria
- Laboratory for Computer-Aided Molecular Design, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/III, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Xiao Liu
- Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Brad Ganoe
- Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Teresa Head-Gordon
- Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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2
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Seeman JI. Revolutions in Chemistry: Assessment of Six 20th Century Candidates (The Instrumental Revolution; Hückel Molecular Orbital Theory; Hückel's 4 n + 2 Rule; the Woodward-Hoffmann Rules; Quantum Chemistry; and Retrosynthetic Analysis). JACS AU 2023; 3:2378-2401. [PMID: 37772184 PMCID: PMC10523497 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Six 20th century candidates for revolutions in chemistry are examined, using a definitional scheme published recently by the author. Six groupings of 13 characteristics of revolutions in science are considered: causes and birthings of revolutions, relationships between the old and the new, conceptual qualities of the candidate revolutions, instrumental and methodological functions, social construction of knowledge and practical considerations, and testimonials. The Instrumental Revolution was judged to be a revolution in chemistry because of the enormous increase in community-wide knowledge provided by the new instruments and the intentionality in the identification of specific target instruments, in the mindfulness in their design, manufacture, testing, use, and ultimately commercialization. The Woodward-Hoffmann rules were judged to precipitate the Quantum Chemistry Revolution because of theoretical, practical, and social construction of knowledge characteristics. Neither Hückel molecular orbital theory nor Hückel's 4n + 2 rule was considered an initiator of a revolution in chemistry but rather participants in the Quantum Chemistry Revolution. Retrosynthetic analysis was not judged to initiate a revolution in chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey I. Seeman
- Department of Chemistry University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
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Lei Y, Hou F, Wu X, Yi Y, Xu F, Gong Q, Gao J. Brucine-Induced Neurotoxicity by Targeting Caspase 3: Involvement of PPARγ/NF-κB/Apoptosis Signaling Pathway. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:2117-2131. [PMID: 36151391 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brucine, a weak alkaline indole alkaloid, is one of the main bioactive and toxic constituents of Strychnos nux-vomica L., which exerts multiple pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effect. However, its potential toxic effects limited its clinical application, especially central nervous system toxicity. The present study was designed to investigate the neurotoxicity and mechanism of brucine. Our results showed that brucine significantly induced Neuro-2a cells and primary astrocyte death, as evidenced by MTT assay and LDH release. Moreover, transcriptome analysis indicated that PPAR/NF-κB and apoptosis signaling pathways were involved in the brucine-induced cytotoxicity in Neuro-2a cells. Subsequently, in fact, brucine evidently inhibited PPARγ and promoted phosphorylation of NF-κB. Furthermore, PPARγ inhibitor aggravated the neurotoxicity, while NF-κB inhibitor substantially reversed brucine-induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, brucine also significantly induced neuronal apoptosis and triggered increase in ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and level of cleaved caspase 3, as well as its activity as evidenced by TUNEL staining and Western blot. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis predicted that brucine directly bound to caspase 3. Intriguingly, a caspase 3 inhibitor (Z-DEVE-FMK) largely abolished the neurotoxicity of brucine. Our results reveal that brucine-induced neurotoxicity via activation of PPARγ/NF-κB/caspase 3-dependent apoptosis pathway. These findings will provide a novel strategy against brucine-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaying Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, 6 Xuefu West Road, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangqin Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, 6 Xuefu West Road, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, 6 Xuefu West Road, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, 6 Xuefu West Road, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Xu
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79085, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Qihai Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, 6 Xuefu West Road, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmei Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, 6 Xuefu West Road, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, 563000, People's Republic of China.
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Perignat E, Fleming FF. Sunk‐Cost Bias and Knowing When to Terminate a Research Project. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208429. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Perignat
- Department of Business Immaculata University 1145 W King Rd. Immaculata PA 19345 USA
| | - Fraser F. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry Drexel University 3401 Chestnut St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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5
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Perignat E, Fleming FF. Sunk‐Cost Bias and Knowing When to Terminate a Research Project. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Perignat
- Department of Business Immaculata University 1145 W King Rd. Immaculata PA 19345 USA
| | - Fraser F. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry Drexel University 3401 Chestnut St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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Shen SM, Appendino G, Guo YW. Pitfalls in the structural elucidation of small molecules. A critical analysis of a decade of structural misassignments of marine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1803-1832. [PMID: 35770685 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00023g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: July 2010 to August 2021This article summarizes more than 200 cases of misassigned marine natural products reported between July 2010 and August 2021, sorting out errors according to the structural elements. Based on a comparative analysis of the original and the revised structures, major pitfalls still plaguing the structural elucidation of small molecules were identified, emphasizing the role of total synthesis, crystallography, as well as chemical- and biosynthetic logic to complement spectroscopic data. Distinct "trends" in natural product misassignment are evident between compounds of marine and plant origin, with an overall much lower incidence of "impossible" structures within misassigned marine natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Mao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. .,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Giovanni Appendino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Universitá degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. .,Drug Discovery Shandong Laboratory, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China
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Seeman JI, House MC. "For Its Size, the Most Complex Natural Product Known." Who Deserves Credit for Determining the Structure of Strychnine? ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:672-681. [PMID: 35756373 PMCID: PMC9228570 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the following question is explored: Who should be given credit for a discovery of a scientific phenomenon?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey I. Seeman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Mark C. House
- Business Programs, Santa Fe College, Gainesville, Florida 32606, United States
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Zlotos DP, Mandour YM, Jensen AA. Strychnine and its mono- and dimeric analogues: a pharmaco-chemical perspective. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1910-1937. [PMID: 35380133 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to November 2021Since its isolation in 1818, strychnine has attracted the attention of a plethora of chemists and pharmacologists who have established its structure, developed total syntheses, and examined its complex pharmacology. While numerous reviews on structure elucidation and total synthesis of strychnine are available, reports on structure-activity relationships (SARs) of this fascinating alkaloid are rare. In this review, we present and discuss structures, synthetic approaches, metabolic transformations, and the diverse pharmacological actions of strychnine and its mono- and dimeric analogues. Particular attention is given to its SARs at glycine receptors (GlyRs) in light of recently published high-resolution structures of strychnine-GlyR complexes. Other pharmacological actions of strychnine and its derivatives, such as their antagonistic properties at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), allosteric modulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors as well as anti-cancer and anti-plasmodial effects are also critically reviewed, and possible future developments in the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius P Zlotos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, 11835 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Yasmine M Mandour
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anders A Jensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Wang P, Chen J, He W, Song J, Song H, Wei H, Xie W. An Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)-Isostrychnine Based on Catalytic Asymmetric Tandem Double Michael Addition. Org Lett 2021; 23:5476-5479. [PMID: 34213916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a concise asymmetric synthesis of (+)-isostrychnine is achieved in nine longest-linear steps with a 16% overall yield. The key features of this synthesis include the catalytic asymmetric tandem double Michael addition of a tryptamine-derived oxindole to an alkynone to facilely forge the A/B/C ring framework, a one-pot intramolecular dehydrative condensation/lactamization reaction to efficiently establish the E/G ring system, and an allylic diazene rearrangement to introduce the pivotal olefin for the subsequent intramolecular Heck reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyan Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Junhan Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weigang He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiacheng Song
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hengqian Song
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hongbo Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weiqing Xie
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Seeman JI. The Relationship of William Henry Perkin, Jr. and Sir Robert Robinson: Teacher and Student, then Student and Teacher. Chemistry 2021; 27:1576-1591. [PMID: 33372706 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
William Henry Perkin, Jr. FRS, the son of the inventor of mauve and other commercial dyes and credited for initiating the industrialization of chemistry, was himself a notable chemist. He was the Professor of Organic Chemistry at Manchester from 1892-1912 and then was the Waynflete Professor of Chemistry at Oxford and the first Head of the Dyson Perrins Laboratory from 1912-1929. One of Perkin's graduate students and research assistants at Manchester was Robert Robinson, subsequently Sir Robert Robinson, FRS and recipient of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Perkin and Robinson had perhaps the most productive and broad collaboration between a professor and one's student. Together, during and after Robinson's student days, they had 71 joint publications, 25 of which involved just the two of them, 17 of which involved the structure determination of strychnine, and eight of which were published after Perkin's death in 1929. Upon Perkin's early death, Robinson succeeded him as the fourth Waynflete Professor of Chemistry at the Dyson Perrins Laboratory, Oxford University. This Essay will examine the professional relationship of Perkin, Jr. and Robinson as revealed in their joint publications on the structure of strychnine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey I Seeman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, 23173, USA
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