1
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He W, Tao W, Wei Z, Tong G, Liu X, Tan J, Yang S, Hu J, Liu G, Yang R. Controlled switching thiocarbonylthio end-groups enables interconvertible radical and cationic single-unit monomer insertions and RAFT polymerizations. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5071. [PMID: 38871718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
To emulate the ordered arrangement of monomer units found in natural macromolecules, single-unit monomer insertion (SUMI) have emerged as a potent technique for synthesizing sequence-controlled vinyl polymers. Specifically, numerous applications necessitate vinyl polymers encompassing both radically and cationically polymerizable monomers, posing a formidable challenge due to the distinct thiocarbonylthio end-groups required for efficient control over radical and cationic SUMIs. Herein, we present a breakthrough in the form of interconvertible radical and cationic SUMIs achieved through the manipulation of thiocarbonylthio end-groups. The transition from a trithiocarbonate (for radical SUMI) to a dithiocarbamate (for cationic SUMI) is successfully accomplished via a radical-promoted reaction with bis(thiocarbonyl) disulfide. Conversely, the reverse transformation utilizes the reaction between dithiocarbamate and bistrithiocarbonate disulfide under a cationic mechanism. Employing this strategy, we demonstrate a series of synthetic examples featuring discrete oligomers containing acrylate, maleimide, vinyl ether, and styrene, compositions unattainable through the SUMI of a single mechanism alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Tao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Ze Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Guoming Tong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Jiajia Tan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Guhuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
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2
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Singha S, Pan S, Tallury SS, Nguyen G, Tripathy R, De P. Recent Developments on Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers. ACS POLYMERS AU 2024; 4:189-207. [PMID: 38882029 PMCID: PMC11177306 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
In recent times, the evolution of cationic polymerization has taken a multidirectional approach, with the development of cationic reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. In contrast to the conventional cationic polymerization methods, which were typically carried out under inert atmospheres and low temperatures, various novel polymerization techniques have been developed where the reactions are carried out in open air, operate at room temperature, are cost-effective, and are environmentally friendly. Besides, several external stimuli, such as heat, light, chemicals, electrical potential, etc. have been employed to activate and control the polymerization process. It also enables the combination of cationic polymerization with other polymerization methods in a single reaction vessel, eliminating the necessity for isolation and purification during intermediate steps. In addition, significant advancements have been made through various modifications in catalyst systems, resulting in polymers with an exceptionally high level of stereoregularity. This review article comprehensively analyses the recent developments in cationic polymerization, encompassing their applications and offering insights into future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Singha
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Swagata Pan
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Syamal S Tallury
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520-2101, United States
| | - Giang Nguyen
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520-2101, United States
| | - Ranjan Tripathy
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520-2101, United States
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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3
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Wei Z, He W, Liu Z, Lin Y, Wang M, Li L, Wu C, Yang S, Liu G, Yang R. Orthogonal Radical and Cationic Single-Unit Monomer Insertions for Engineering Polymer Architectures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202402265. [PMID: 38760991 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The single-unit monomer insertion (SUMI), derived from living/controlled polymerization, can be directly functionalized at the end or within the chain of polymers prepared by living/controlled polymerization, offering potential applications in the preparation of polymers with complex architectures. Many scenarios demand the simultaneous incorporation of monomers suitable for different polymerization methods into complex polymers. Therefore, it becomes imperative to utilize SUMI technologies with diverse mechanisms, especially those that are compatible with each other. Here, we reported the orthogonal SUMI technique, seamlessly combining radical and cationic SUMI approaches. Through the careful optimization of monomer and chain transfer agent pairs and adjustments to reaction conditions, we can efficiently execute both radical and cationic SUMI processes in one pot without mutual interference. The utilization of orthogonal SUMI pairs facilitates the integration of radical and cationic reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in various configurations. This flexibility enables the synthesis of diblock, triblock, and star polymers that incorporate both cationically and radically polymerizable monomers. Moreover, we have successfully implemented a mixing mechanism of free radicals and cations in RAFT step-growth polymerization, resulting in the creation of a side-chain sequence-controlled polymer brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Yating Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Maolin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Chunxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Guhuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
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4
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Zeppuhar AN, Falvey DE. Lamp vs Laser: A Visible Light Photoinitiator That Promotes Radical Polymerization at Low Intensities and Cationic Polymerization at High Intensities. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37418315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
A visible light absorbing anthraquinone derivative 1-tosyloxy-2-methoxy-9,10-anthraquinone (QT) mediates both cationic and radical polymerizations depending on the intensity of visible light used. A previous study showed that this initiator generates para-toluenesulfonic acid through a stepwise, two-photon excitation mechanism. Thus, under high-intensity irradiation, QT generates acid in sufficient quantities to catalyze the cationic ring-opening polymerization of lactones. However, under low-intensity (lamp) conditions, the two-photon process is negligible, and QT photooxidizes DMSO, generating methyl radicals which initiate the RAFT polymerization of acrylates. This dual capability was utilized to switch between radical and cationic polymerizations to synthesize a copolymer using a one-pot procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N Zeppuhar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Daniel E Falvey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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5
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Multi-Polymerization: From Simple to Complex. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2836-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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A Multi − Site initiation reversible Addition − Fragmentation Chain − Transfer electrochemical cocaine sensing. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Yang S, Zhang L, Chen Y, Tan J. Combining Green Light-Activated Photoiniferter RAFT Polymerization and RAFT Dispersion Polymerization for Graft Copolymer Assemblies. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqi Yang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
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8
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Zhao B, Li J, Li Z, Lin X, Pan X, Zhang Z, Zhu J. Photoinduced 3D Printing through a Combination of Cationic and Radical RAFT Polymerization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhao
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Lin
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Kim J, Cattoz B, Leung AHM, Parish JD, Becer CR. Enabling Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain-Transfer Polymerization for Brush Copolymers with a Poly(2-oxazoline) Backbone. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jungyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Beatrice Cattoz
- Infineum UK Ltd., Milton Hill Business & Technology Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX13 6BB, United Kingdom
| | - Alice H. M. Leung
- Infineum UK Ltd., Milton Hill Business & Technology Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX13 6BB, United Kingdom
| | - James D. Parish
- Infineum UK Ltd., Milton Hill Business & Technology Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX13 6BB, United Kingdom
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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10
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Wang Z, Chan CLC, Parker RM, Vignolini S. The Limited Palette for Photonic Block-Copolymer Materials: A Historical Problem or a Practical Limitation? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117275. [PMID: 35446459 PMCID: PMC9325480 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Block-copolymer self-assembly has proven to be an effective route for the fabrication of photonic films and, more recently, photonic pigments. However, despite extensive research on this topic over the past two decades, the palette of monomers and polymers employed to produce such structurally colored materials has remained surprisingly limited. In this Scientific Perspective, the commonly used block-copolymer systems reported in the literature are summarized (considering both linear and brush architectures) and their use is rationalized from the point of view of both their historical development and physicochemical constraints. Finally, the current challenges facing the field are discussed and promising new areas of research are highlighted to inspire the community to pursue new directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Chun Lam Clement Chan
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Richard M Parker
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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11
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Wang Z, Chan CLC, Parker RM, Vignolini S. The Limited Palette for Photonic Block-Copolymer Materials: A Historical Problem or a Practical Limitation? ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202117275. [PMID: 38528985 PMCID: PMC10962576 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Block-copolymer self-assembly has proven to be an effective route for the fabrication of photonic films and, more recently, photonic pigments. However, despite extensive research on this topic over the past two decades, the palette of monomers and polymers employed to produce such structurally colored materials has remained surprisingly limited. In this Scientific Perspective, the commonly used block-copolymer systems reported in the literature are summarized (considering both linear and brush architectures) and their use is rationalized from the point of view of both their historical development and physicochemical constraints. Finally, the current challenges facing the field are discussed and promising new areas of research are highlighted to inspire the community to pursue new directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | | | - Richard M. Parker
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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12
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13
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Duan J, Gong Y, Chen D, Ma Y, Song C, Yang W. Radical Homopolymerization of Vinyl Ethers Activated by Li+-π Complexation in the Presence of CH3OLi and LiI. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01619a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we develop a direct, thermally initiated radical homopolymerization of vinyl ethers mediated by lithium salts CH3OLi and LiI. In the case of vinyl ether monomers having a...
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14
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Shankel S, Lambert T, Fors B. Moisture tolerant cationic RAFT polymerization of vinyl ethers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00780k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cationic reversible addition—fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerizations have permitted the controlled polymerization of vinyl ethers and select styrenics with predictable molar masses and easily modified thiocarbonylthio chain ends. However, most...
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15
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Ma H, Ha S, Jeong J, Wang V, Kim KT. Synthesis of discrete bottlebrush polymers via the iterative convergent growth technique and post-functionalization. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00573e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of discrete bottlebrush polymers (Step 1: Iterative convergent growth. Step 2: Post-functionalization using thiol–ene click chemistry.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sungmin Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jisu Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Valene Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyoung Taek Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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16
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Häkkinen S, Dyer B, Kerr A, Perrier S. Putting the RAFT in GRAFT: intermolecular graft exchange between bottlebrush polymers using reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01510a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A versatile synthetic methodology is presented for the preparation of graft copolymers with mixed graft distributions using reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Häkkinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Billy Dyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Andrew Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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17
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Chen M, Li J, Ma K, Jin G, Pan X, Zhang Z, Zhu J. Controlling Polymer Molecular Weight Distribution through a Latent Mediator Strategy with Temporal Programming. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jiajia Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Kaiqi Ma
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China
| | - Guoqin Jin
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
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18
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Chen M, Li J, Ma K, Jin G, Pan X, Zhang Z, Zhu J. Controlling Polymer Molecular Weight Distribution through a Latent Mediator Strategy with Temporal Programming. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19705-19709. [PMID: 34189823 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymer molecular weight distribution (MWD) is a key parameter of polymers. Here we present a robust method for controlling polymer MWD in controlled cationic polymerizations. A latent mediator strategy was designed and combined with temporal programming to regenerate mediators at different times during polymerization. Both the breadths and shapes of MWD curves were tuned easily by adjusting an external light source. Bimodal, trimodal, and tetramodal distributions were obtained, and the breadths could be varied from 1.06 to 2.09. Polymers with different MWDs prepared by this method had good chain end fidelity, which was demonstrated with successful chain-extension experiments. In addition, the introduction of temporal programming with a computer-controlled single chip for the light source opened an avenue for the use of artificial intelligence in polymer synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kaiqi Ma
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Guoqin Jin
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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19
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Shahrokhinia A, Biswas P, Reuther JF. Orthogonal synthesis and modification of polymer materials. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shahrokhinia
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
| | - Priyanka Biswas
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
| | - James F. Reuther
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
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20
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Li J, Kerr A, Song Q, Yang J, Häkkinen S, Pan X, Zhang Z, Zhu J, Perrier S. Manganese-Catalyzed Batch and Continuous Flow Cationic RAFT Polymerization Induced by Visible Light. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:570-575. [PMID: 35570764 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a robust manganese-catalyzed cationic reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization induced by visible light. Well-defined poly(vinyl ether)s with controlled molecular weight and molecular weight distributions (MWDs) can be conveniently prepared at room temperature without monomer purification. The commercially available manganese carbonyl bromide is used as the photocatalyst for cationic RAFT polymerization. Moreover, this method has been further applied in both batch and continuous flow systems, providing a visible light induced flow cationic polymerization under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Andrew Kerr
- Department of Chemistry and Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Qiao Song
- Department of Chemistry and Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Satu Häkkinen
- Department of Chemistry and Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry and Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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21
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Wang Y, Sahu SP, Clay AJ, Gildersleeve AJ. Concurrent atom transfer radical polymerization and nitroxide radical coupling relay polymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3331-3334. [PMID: 33659969 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00682g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and nitroxide radical coupling (NRC) seems impossible because the presence of nitroxide radicals would quench the radical polymerization immediately. However, by combining a nitroxide radical and an ATRP active halogen, a halogen group that can initiate one polymer chain by ATRP, into one functional reagent and adding this functional reagent to an ATRP system, concurrent ATRP-NRC relay polymerization was carried out successfully under proper reaction conditions. The key to success was the conjugate radical trapping and re-initiation took place repeatedly, resulting in polymers with inserted alkoxyamine linkages. This novel relay polymerization method provides numerous possibilities for macromolecular architecture/functionality tailoring by using of different functional reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA.
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22
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Liu WB, Xu XH, Kang SM, Song X, Zhou L, Liu N, Wu ZQ. Bottlebrush Polymers Carrying Side Chains on Every Backbone Atom: Controlled Synthesis, Polymerization-Induced Emission, and Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Xun-Hui Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Shu-Ming Kang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Song
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Zong-Quan Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
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23
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Challenges and Recent Developments of Photoflow-Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization (RDRP). CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Ma H, Wang L, Liang Y, Cui Z, Fu P, Liu M, Qiao X, Pang X. Novel tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-functionalized nitroxide/alkoxyamine for nitroxide-mediated homogeneous and heterogeneous polymerizations. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01369b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-functionalized nitroxide/alkoxyamine realized the “in situ observation” of the NMP process for both homogeneous and heterogeneous polymerization systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Ma
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
| | - Linan Wang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
| | - Yachao Liang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
| | - Zhe Cui
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
| | - Peng Fu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
| | - Minying Liu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
| | - Xiaoguang Qiao
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
| | - Xinchang Pang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
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25
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Li J, Chen M, Lin X, Li Q, Zhang W, Jin G, Pan X, Zhu J, Zhu X. Near-Infrared, Light-Induced Cationic and Radical RAFT Polymerization Catalyzed by Iron Complex. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1799-1805. [PMID: 35653684 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A near-infrared (NIR) light induced controlled cationic polymerization is presented here. The halide abstraction reaction between the cyclopentadienyl iron dicarbonyl dimer (Fe2(Cp)2(CO)4) and an organic halide is utilized to generate initial radicals or cations under mild conditions, which can be further combined with both radical and cationic reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Well-defined poly(vinyl ether)s and polyacrylates are prepared successfully under NIR light by this method. The excellent penetration ability of NIR light through thick barriers has been verified by polymerization in the presence of an A4 paper. In addition, iron-based radical polymerization has been used for three-dimensional (3D) printing to fabricate materials with different thicknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Miao Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xia Lin
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qilong Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Guoqing Jin
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Global Institute of Software Technology, No 5. Qingshan Road, Suzhou National Hi-Tech District, Suzhou 215163, China
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26
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Hotta D, Kanazawa A, Aoshima S. tert-Butyl Esters as Potential Reversible Chain Transfer Agents for Concurrent Cationic Vinyl-Addition and Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Vinyl Ethers and Oxiranes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000479. [PMID: 33200479 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
tert-Butyl esters are demonstrated to function as chain transfer agents (CTAs) in the cationic copolymerization of vinyl ether (VE) and oxirane via concurrent vinyl-addition and ring-opening mechanisms. In the copolymerization of isopropyl VE and isobutylene oxide (IBO), the IBO-derived propagating species reacts with tert-butyl acetate to generate a copolymer chain with an acetoxy group at the ω-end. This reaction liberates a tert-butyl cation; hence, a polymer chain with a tert-butyl group at the α-end is subsequently generated. Other tert-butyl esters also function as CTAs, and the substituent attached to the carbonyl group affects the chain transfer efficiency. In addition, ethyl acetate does not function as a CTA, which suggests the importance of the liberation of a tert-butyl cation for the chain transfer process. Chain transfer reactions by tert-butyl esters potentially occur reversibly through the reaction of the propagating cation with the ester group at the ω-end of another chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hotta
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Arihiro Kanazawa
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Sadahito Aoshima
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
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27
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Słowikowska M, Chajec K, Michalski A, Zapotoczny S, Wolski K. Surface-Initiated Photoinduced Iron-Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization with ppm Concentration of FeBr 3 under Visible Light. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E5139. [PMID: 33202639 PMCID: PMC7697009 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reversible deactivation radical polymerizations with reduced amount of organometallic catalyst are currently a field of interest of many applications. One of the very promising techniques is photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (photo-ATRP) that is mainly studied for copper catalysts in the solution. Recently, advantageous iron-catalyzed photo-ATRP (photo-Fe-ATRP) compatible with high demanding biological applications was presented. In response to that, we developed surface-initiated photo-Fe-ATRP (SI-photo-Fe-ATRP) that was used for facile synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) brushes with the presence of only 200 ppm of FeBr3/tetrabutylammonium bromide catalyst (FeBr3/TBABr) under visible light irradiation (wavelength: 450 nm). The kinetics of both SI-photo-Fe-ATRP and photo-Fe-ATRP in solution were compared and followed by 1H NMR, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Brush grafting densities were determined using two methodologies. The influence of the sacrificial initiator on the kinetics of brush growth was studied. It was found that SI-photo-Fe-ATRP could be effectively controlled even without any sacrificial initiators thanks to in situ production of ATRP initiator in solution as a result of reaction between the monomer and Br radicals generated in photoreduction of FeBr3/TBABr. The optimized and simplified reaction setup allowed synthesis of very thick (up to 110 nm) PMMA brushes at room temperature, under visible light with only 200 ppm of iron-based catalyst. The same reaction conditions, but with the presence of sacrificial initiator, enabled formation of much thinner layers (18 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Słowikowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Kamila Chajec
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Adam Michalski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.)
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Karol Wolski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.)
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28
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Nothling MD, Fu Q, Reyhani A, Allison‐Logan S, Jung K, Zhu J, Kamigaito M, Boyer C, Qiao GG. Progress and Perspectives Beyond Traditional RAFT Polymerization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001656. [PMID: 33101866 PMCID: PMC7578854 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of advanced materials based on well-defined polymeric architectures is proving to be a highly prosperous research direction across both industry and academia. Controlled radical polymerization techniques are receiving unprecedented attention, with reversible-deactivation chain growth procedures now routinely leveraged to prepare exquisitely precise polymer products. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a powerful protocol within this domain, where the unique chemistry of thiocarbonylthio (TCT) compounds can be harnessed to control radical chain growth of vinyl polymers. With the intense recent focus on RAFT, new strategies for initiation and external control have emerged that are paving the way for preparing well-defined polymers for demanding applications. In this work, the cutting-edge innovations in RAFT that are opening up this technique to a broader suite of materials researchers are explored. Emerging strategies for activating TCTs are surveyed, which are providing access into traditionally challenging environments for reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. The latest advances and future perspectives in applying RAFT-derived polymers are also shared, with the goal to convey the rich potential of RAFT for an ever-expanding range of high-performance applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell D. Nothling
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment (CTWW)School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW2007Australia
| | - Amin Reyhani
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
| | - Stephanie Allison‐Logan
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)School of Chemical EngineeringUNWSSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Jian Zhu
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Material ScienceDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Masami Kamigaito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya UniversityFuro‐cho, Chikusa‐kuNagoya464‐8603Japan
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)School of Chemical EngineeringUNWSSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
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29
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Zhao Y, Ma M, Lin X, Chen M. Photoorganocatalyzed Divergent Reversible‐Deactivation Radical Polymerization towards Linear and Branched Fluoropolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21470-21474. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Mingyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Xinrong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China
| | - Mao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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30
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Zhao Y, Ma M, Lin X, Chen M. Photoorganocatalyzed Divergent Reversible‐Deactivation Radical Polymerization towards Linear and Branched Fluoropolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Mingyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Xinrong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China
| | - Mao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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31
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Chen K, Hu X, Zhu N, Guo K. Design, Synthesis, and Self-Assembly of Janus Bottlebrush Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000357. [PMID: 32844547 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Janus bottlebrush polymers are a class of special molecular brushes, which have two immiscible side chains on the repeating unit of the backbone. The characteristic architectures of Janus bottlebrush polymers enable unique self-assembly properties and broad applications. Recently, remarkable advances of Janus bottlebrush polymers have been achieved for polymer chemistry and material science. This review summarizes the synthetic strategies of Janus bottlebrush polymers, and highlights the self-assembly applications. Finally, the challenges and opportunities are proposed for the further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerui Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China
| | - Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China.,College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China
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32
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Li M, Pester CW. Mixed Polymer Brushes for "Smart" Surfaces. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1553. [PMID: 32668820 PMCID: PMC7408536 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed polymer brushes (MPBs) are composed of two or more disparate polymers covalently tethered to a substrate. The resulting phase segregated morphologies have been extensively studied as responsive "smart" materials, as they can be reversible tuned and switched by external stimuli. Both computational and experimental work has attempted to establish an understanding of the resulting nanostructures that vary as a function of many factors. This contribution highlights state-of-the-art MPBs studies, covering synthetic approaches, phase behavior, responsiveness to external stimuli as well as novel applications of MPBs. Current limitations are recognized and possible directions for future studies are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiao Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Christian W. Pester
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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33
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Boeck PT, Tanaka J, Liu S, You W. Importance of Nucleophilicity of Chain-Transfer Agents for Controlled Cationic Degenerative Chain-Transfer Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parker Thomas Boeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Joji Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Shubin Liu
- Research Computing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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