1
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Tegudeer Z, Moon J, Wright J, Das M, Rubasinghege G, Xu W, Gao WY. Generic and facile mechanochemical access to versatile lattice-confined Pd(ii)-based heterometallic sites. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10126-10134. [PMID: 38966377 PMCID: PMC11220583 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01918k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show remarkable potential in a broad array of applications given their physical and chemical versatility. Classical synthesis of MOFs is performed using solution chemistry at elevated temperatures to achieve reversible metal-ligand bond formation. These harsh conditions may not be suitable for chemical species sensitive to high temperature or prone to deleterious reactions with solvents. For instance, Pd(ii) is susceptible to reduction under solvothermal conditions and is not a common metal node of MOFs. We report a generic and facile mechanochemical strategy that directly incorporates a series of Pd(ii)-based heterobimetallic clusters into MOFs as metal nodes without Pd(ii) being reduced to Pd(0). Mechanochemistry features advantages of short reaction time, minimum solvent, high reaction yield, and high degree of synthetic control. Catalytic performances of lattice-confined heterobimetallic sites are examined for nitrene transfer reactions and we demonstrate that the chemoselectivity for allylic amination versus olefin aziridination is readily tuned by the identity of the first-row metal ion in Pd(ii)-based heterobimetallic clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jisue Moon
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA
| | - Joshua Wright
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago Illinois 60616 USA
| | - Milton Das
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro New Mexico 87801 USA
| | - Gayan Rubasinghege
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro New Mexico 87801 USA
| | - Wenqian Xu
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory Lemont Illinois 60439 USA
| | - Wen-Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University Athens Ohio 45701 USA
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2
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Salvador FE, Tegudeer Z, Locke H, Gao WY. Facile mechanochemical synthesis of MIL-53 and its isoreticular analogues with a glance at reaction reversibility. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4406-4411. [PMID: 38379516 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00372a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
MIL-53 represents one of the most notable metal-organic frameworks given its unique structural flexibility and remarkable thermal stability. In this study, a shaker-type ball milling method has been developed into a facile and generalizable synthetic strategy to access a family of MIL-53 type materials under ambient conditions. During the explorations of [M(OH)(fumarate)] (M = Al, Ga, and In), we report a positive correlation between the metal-ligand (M-L) bond reversibility and the size of resultant crystallites under the mechanochemical process. The more kinetically labile the M-L bond is, the larger the afforded crystallite size is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fillipp Edvard Salvador
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, USA
| | | | - Halie Locke
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, USA
| | - Wen-Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.
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3
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Salvador FE, Barajas JO, Gao WY. Mechanochemical Access to Catechol-Derived Metal-Organic Frameworks. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3333-3337. [PMID: 36790323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry, a resurging synthetic approach, has been developed into an effective and controllable method to access a family of crystalline porous catechol-derived metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for the first time. We have identified that the obtained crystalline phase is readily tunable by precursors and the addition of solvents or drying agents. The described mechanochemistry allows us to synthesize these materials in a highly sustainable manner. Thus, mechanochemistry is expected to pave a promising avenue to access a broader class of MOF materials, in addition to those based on the motifs of carboxylic acid or imidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fillipp Edvard Salvador
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
| | - Jesus O Barajas
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
| | - Wen-Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
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4
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Khobotov-Bakishev A, von Baeckmann C, Ortín-Rubio B, Hernández-López L, Cortés-Martínez A, Martínez-Esaín J, Gándara F, Juanhuix J, Platero-Prats AE, Faraudo J, Carné-Sánchez A, Maspoch D. Multicomponent, Functionalized HKUST-1 Analogues Assembled via Reticulation of Prefabricated Metal-Organic Polyhedral Cavities. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15745-15753. [PMID: 35973046 PMCID: PMC9437915 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
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Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) assembled from
multiple
building blocks exhibit greater chemical complexity and superior functionality
in practical applications. Herein, we report a new approach based
on using prefabricated cavities to design isoreticular multicomponent
MOFs from a known parent MOF. We demonstrate this concept with the
formation of multicomponent HKUST-1 analogues, using a prefabricated
cavity that comprises a cuboctahedral Rh(II) metal–organic
polyhedron functionalized with 24 carboxylic acid groups. The cavities
are reticulated in three dimensions via Cu(II)-paddlewheel clusters
and (functionalized) 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate linkers to form three-
and four-component HKUST-1 analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akim Khobotov-Bakishev
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Cornelia von Baeckmann
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Borja Ortín-Rubio
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Hernández-López
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alba Cortés-Martínez
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Martínez-Esaín
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe Gándara
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Materials Science Institute of Madrid (ICMM), Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Judith Juanhuix
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Llum, 2, 26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana E Platero-Prats
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Faraudo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Arnau Carné-Sánchez
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Markwell-Heys AW, Roemelt M, Slattery AD, Linder-Patton OM, Bloch WM. Linking metal-organic cages pairwise as a design approach for assembling multivariate crystalline materials. Chem Sci 2021; 13:68-73. [PMID: 35059152 PMCID: PMC8694310 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05663h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Using metal-organic cages (MOCs) as preformed supermolecular building-blocks (SBBs) is a powerful strategy to design functional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with control over the pore architecture and connectivity. However, introducing chemical complexity into the network via this route is limited as most methodologies focus on only one type of MOC as the building-block. Herein we present the pairwise linking of MOCs as a design approach to introduce defined chemical complexity into porous materials. Our methodology exploits preferential Rh-aniline coordination and stoichiometric control to rationally link Cu4L4 and Rh4L4 MOCs into chemically complex, yet extremely well-defined crystalline solids. This strategy is expected to open up significant new possibilities to design bespoke multi-functional materials with atomistic control over the location and ordering of chemical functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Roemelt
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Ashley D Slattery
- Adelaide Microscopy, The University of Adelaide Adelaide 5005 Australia
| | | | - Witold M Bloch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia +61 8 8313 5039
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6
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Salvador FE, Miller V, Shimada K, Wang CH, Wright J, Das M, Chen YP, Chen YS, Sheehan C, Xu W, Rubasinghege G, Gao WY. Mechanochemistry of Group 4 Element-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16079-16084. [PMID: 34647742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochemical synthesis is emerging as an environmentally friendly yet efficient approach to preparing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Herein, we report our systematic investigation on the mechanochemical syntheses of Group 4 element-based MOFs. The developed mechanochemistry allows us to synthesize a family of Hf4O4(OH)4(OOC)12-based MOFs. Integrating [Zr6O4(OH)4(OAc)12]2 and [Hf6O4(OH)4(OAc)12]2 under the mechanochemical conditions leads to a unique family of cluster-precise multimetallic MOFs that cannot be accessed by the conventional solvothermal synthesis. Extensive efforts have not yielded an effective pathway for preparing TiIV-derived MOFs, tentatively because of the relatively low Ti-O bond dissociation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fillipp Edvard Salvador
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
| | - Vance Miller
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
| | - Kaoru Shimada
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
| | - Chen-Hao Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Joshua Wright
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Milton Das
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
| | - Ying-Pin Chen
- National Science Foundation (NSF)'s ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- National Science Foundation (NSF)'s ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chris Sheehan
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Wenqian Xu
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gayan Rubasinghege
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
| | - Wen-Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
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7
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Salamończyk GM. A Fast and Convenient Synthesis of New Water-Soluble, Polyanionic Dendrimers. Molecules 2021; 26:4754. [PMID: 34443342 PMCID: PMC8399870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reasonably simple, efficient, and possessing aspects of generality, the methodology for the synthesis of new, water-soluble, dendrimeric polyesters with great potential applications as antiviral drugs in their own right is described. The essential aspect of the presented approach is a quite unique, immediate access to the polyanionic material at each generation during divergent synthesis. Six target polyanionic dendrimers (generations 1, 2, and 3) have been synthesized. The key monomers applied in this project were 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid derivatives, which also worked as direct precursors of the charged dendrimer surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz M Salamończyk
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, The Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
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8
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Grancha T, Carné‐Sánchez A, Zarekarizi F, Hernández‐López L, Albalad J, Khobotov A, Guillerm V, Morsali A, Juanhuix J, Gándara F, Imaz I, Maspoch D. Synthesis of Polycarboxylate Rhodium(II) Metal–Organic Polyhedra (MOPs) and their use as Building Blocks for Highly Connected Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thais Grancha
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Arnau Carné‐Sánchez
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Farnoosh Zarekarizi
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Tarbiat Modares University P.O. Box: 14115-4838 Tehran Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Laura Hernández‐López
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Jorge Albalad
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Akim Khobotov
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Vincent Guillerm
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ali Morsali
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Tarbiat Modares University P.O. Box: 14115-4838 Tehran Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Judith Juanhuix
- ALBA Synchrotron 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona Spain
| | - Felipe Gándara
- Department of New Architectures in Materials Chemistry Materials Science Institute of Madrid—CSIC Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Inhar Imaz
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
- ICREA Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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9
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Grancha T, Carné‐Sánchez A, Zarekarizi F, Hernández‐López L, Albalad J, Khobotov A, Guillerm V, Morsali A, Juanhuix J, Gándara F, Imaz I, Maspoch D. Synthesis of Polycarboxylate Rhodium(II) Metal–Organic Polyhedra (MOPs) and their use as Building Blocks for Highly Connected Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5729-5733. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thais Grancha
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Arnau Carné‐Sánchez
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Farnoosh Zarekarizi
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Tarbiat Modares University P.O. Box: 14115-4838 Tehran Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Laura Hernández‐López
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Jorge Albalad
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Akim Khobotov
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Vincent Guillerm
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ali Morsali
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Tarbiat Modares University P.O. Box: 14115-4838 Tehran Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Judith Juanhuix
- ALBA Synchrotron 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona Spain
| | - Felipe Gándara
- Department of New Architectures in Materials Chemistry Materials Science Institute of Madrid—CSIC Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Inhar Imaz
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
- ICREA Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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10
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Gao WY, Van Trieste Iii GP, Powers DC. Synthesis of atomically precise single-crystalline Ru 2-based coordination polymers. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:16077-16081. [PMID: 32677645 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02233k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Methods to incorporate kinetically inert metal nodes and highly basic ligands into single-crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are scarce, which prevents synthesis and systematic variation of many potential heterogeneous catalyst materials. Here we demonstrate that metallopolymerization of kinetically inert Ru2 metallomonomers via labile Ag-N bonds provides access to a family of atomically precise single-crystalline Ru2-based coordination polymers with varied network topology and primary coordination sphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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11
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Antonio AM, Korman KJ, Yap GPA, Bloch ED. Porous metal-organic alloys based on soluble coordination cages. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12540-12546. [PMID: 34123234 PMCID: PMC8163318 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04941g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse strategies for the preparation of mixed-metal three-dimensional porous solids abound, although many of them lend themselves only moderate levels of tunability. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of surface functionalized permanently microporous coordination cages and their use in the isolation of mixed metal solids. Judicious alkoxide-based ligand functionalization was utilized to tune the solubility of starting copper(ii)-based cages and their resulting compatibility with the mixed-cage approach described here. We further prepared a family of isostructural molybdenum(ii) cages for a subset of the ligands. The preparation of mixed-metal cage solids proceeds under facile conditions where solutions of parent cages are mixed and product phases isolated. A suite of spectroscopic and characterization tools confirm the starting cages are intact in the amorphous product. Finally, we show that utilization of precise ligand functional groups can be used to prepare mixed cage solids that can be easily and cleanly separated into their constituent components through simple solvent washing or solvent extraction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Antonio
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Kyle J Korman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Eric D Bloch
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
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