1
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Zhu R, Wang Y. A critical edge number revealed for phase stabilities of two-dimensional ball-stick polygons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6389. [PMID: 39080314 PMCID: PMC11289400 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phase behaviours of two-dimensional (2D) systems constitute a fundamental topic in condensed matter and statistical physics. Although hard polygons and interactive point-like particles are well studied, the phase behaviours of more realistic molecular systems considering intermolecular interaction and molecular shape remain elusive. Here we investigate by molecular dynamics simulation phase stabilities of 2D ball-stick polygons, serving as simplified models for molecular systems. Below the melting temperature Tm, we identify a critical edge numbern c = 4 , at which a distorted square lattice emerges; when n < n c , the triangular system stabilizes at a spin-ice-like glassy state; when n > n c , the polygons stabilize at crystalline states. Moreover, in the crystalline state, Tm is higher for polygons with more edges at higher pressures but exhibits a crossover for hexagon and octagon at low pressures. A theoretical framework taking into account the competition between entropy and enthalpy is proposed to provide a comprehensive understanding of our results, which is anticipated to facilitate the design of 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijian Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 55 East Zhongguancun Road, P. O. Box 2735, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 55 East Zhongguancun Road, P. O. Box 2735, 100190, Beijing, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China.
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2
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Zhang Y, Hu J, Bai G. Reversible Stacking and Delamination-Regulation of MXene via Controlled Freezing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311218. [PMID: 38533979 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
MXene's configuration, whether it is aggregated or dispersed in a monolayer, determines the specific application areas and even greatly influences the intrinsic properties of MXene. However, how to desirably control MXene's configuration is challenging. Here, a simple, additive-free, chemical reaction-free, and scalable strategy to optionally and reversibly regulate MXene's ordered stacking and delamination of MXene aggregates (AM) is reported. Just by controlled freezing of MXene aqueous dispersions, the aggregation percentage, delamination percentage, and interlayer spacing of AM can be finely tuned. Experimental results reveal that the freezing-induced aggregation and delamination effects can be explained by the squeezing action of growing ice grains on the MXene excluded/concentrated between ice grains and the expanding action caused by the ice formation between AM lamellae, respectively. The dominance between them depends on the freezing parameter-influenced ice nucleation sites, numbers, and ice grain sizes. This work not only contributes to the preparation, storage, and practical applications of MXene, but also opens a new and green avenue for controlling materials' assembly structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Jinhao Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Guoying Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
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3
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Lin Y, Mao J, Fan Q, Wang J. Fabricating multi-scale controllable PEDOT:PSS arrays via templated freezing assembly. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2394-2399. [PMID: 38376846 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01651j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The fabrication of conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) into controllable hierarchical arrays is gaining increasing interest for various applications, e.g., bioelectronics, and regenerative medicine. Currently, solution-based print processing is the main methodology for fabricating PEDOT:PSS arrays. However, its constraints on crystallinity and polymer chain orientation often necessitate intricate post-processing procedures to enhance their material properties. Here, we report the precise control in the assembly of PEDOT:PSS to have customized arrays via a templated freezing assembly strategy (TFA). We can prepare centimeter-scale PEDOT:PSS patterns with tunable micro-morphology, nanofiber width, crystallinity, and polymer chain orientation. Importantly, the refined micro-morphologies endow good stretchability to the obtained arrays, and regulated crystallinity and polymer chain orientation directly lead to adjustable conductivity, ranging from 10-3 S cm-1 to 100 S cm-1. This strategy provides a novel avenue for fabricating conductive polymers into tailored electric devices, suggesting potential applications in flexible electronic devices and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Junqiang Mao
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Qingrui Fan
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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4
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Chen SS, Wang H, Wu B, Li Q, Gong J, Zhao YL, Zhao Y, Xiao X, Lam JWY, Zhao Z, Luo XD, Tang BZ. Natural Coumarin Isomers with Dramatically Different AIE Properties: Mechanism and Application. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:883-891. [PMID: 37252345 PMCID: PMC10214507 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) are of great importance in optoelectronics and biomedical fields. However, the popular design philosophy by combining rotors with traditional fluorophores limits the imagination and structural diversity of AIEgens. Inspired by the fluorescent roots of the medicinal plant Toddalia asiatica, we discovered two unconventional rotor-free AIEgens, 5-methoxyseselin (5-MOS) and 6-methoxyseselin (6-MOS). Interestingly, a slight structural difference of the coumarin isomers leads to completely contrary fluorescent properties upon aggregation in aqueous media. Further mechanism investigation indicates that 5-MOS forms different extents of aggregates with the assistance of protonic solvents, leading to electron/energy transfer, which is responsible for its unique AIE feature, i.e., reduced emission in aqueous media but enhanced emission in crystal. Meanwhile, for 6-MOS, the conventional restriction of the intramolecular motion (RIM) mechanism is responsible for its AIE feature. More interestingly, the unique water-sensitive fluorescence property of 5-MOS enables its successful application for wash-free mitochondria imaging. This work not only demonstrates an ingenious tactic to seek new AIEgens from natural fluorescent species but also benefits the structure design and application exploration of next-generation AIEgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
- Key
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of
Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction
Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Haoran Wang
- School
of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science
and Technology, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
- Hong
Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue
Restoration and Reconstruction and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Wu
- School
of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science
and Technology, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Qiyao Li
- School
of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science
and Technology, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Junyi Gong
- School
of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science
and Technology, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of
Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction
Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Yun Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Key
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of
Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction
Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- Hong
Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue
Restoration and Reconstruction and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- School
of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science
and Technology, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
- Key
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of
Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction
Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School
of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science
and Technology, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
- Hong
Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue
Restoration and Reconstruction and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Yan Z, Mao J, Hao X, Guan B, Zhao Z, Zhou X, Tang BZ, Fan Q, Wang J. Preparation of Ultrasmall AIE Nanoparticles with Tunable Molecular Packing via Freeze Assembly. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1030-1035. [PMID: 36715359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the development of aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) depend on understanding how the molecular packing affects their luminescent properties and on making nanoparticles (NPs) with desired sizes. Although reported strategies have advanced the field, rational control of molecular packing and efficient fabrication of AIEgen NPs sub-5.5 nm in diameter remain pressing issues. Here we report a "freeze assembly" strategy, in which the diameter of AIEgen NPs can be precisely tuned from ∼3 nm to hundreds of nanometers, and a molecular packing in kinetically trapped states that are not easily captured by conventional assembly methods can be obtained, leading to tunable fluorescence emissions. Therefore, this study provides a significant tool to fabricate organic luminescent nanomaterials with diameters smaller than 5 nm, which is of critical importance for biomedical applications; meanwhile, tuning molecular packing in nanoparticles displaying different fluorescence may help to shed new light on the mechanism of AIEgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Guan
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Physical Sciences & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingrui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
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Mao J, Cao H, Liu J, Zhou X, Fan Q, Wang J. Templated freezing assembly precisely regulates molecular assembly for free-standing centimeter-scale microtextured nanofilms. Sci China Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Zhang S, Zhang C, Fu Y, Li L, Huang C, Lin Y, Zhu C, Francisco JS, He Z, Zhou X, Wang J. Role of an Ice Surface in the Photoreaction of Coumarins. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11346-11353. [PMID: 36066243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ice affects many chemical reactions in nature, which greatly influences the atmosphere, climate, and life. However, the exact mechanism of ice in these chemical reactions remains elusive. For example, it is still an open question as to whether ice can act as a catalyst to greatly enhance the reactivity and selectivity, which is essential for the production of some natural compounds in our planet. Here, we discover that ice can lead to high efficiency and stereoselectivity of the [2 + 2] photodimerization of coumarin and its derivatives. The conversion of the [2 + 2] photodimerization of coumarins enhanced by ice is dozens of times higher than that in the unfrozen saturated solution, and the reaction displays a high syn-head-head stereoselectivity (>95%) in comparison with those in the absence of the ice. Note that almost no reaction occurs in the crystal powder and melt of the coumarins, indicating that the role of ice in the photodimerization reaction is not simply due to the usual mechanisms found in the freezing concentration. We further reveal that the reaction rate is found to be proportional to the total area of the ice surface and follows Michaelis-Menten-like kinetics, indicating that the ice surface catalyzes the reaction. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that ice surfaces can induce reactants to form a two-dimensional liquid-crystal-ordered layer with a suitable intermolecular distance and unique side-by-side packing, facilitating stereoselective photodimerization for syn-head-head dimers. These findings give evidence that ice-surface-induced molecular assembly may play an important role in atmospheric heterogeneous photoreaction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chuanbiao Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Heze University, Heze 274015, P. R. China
| | - Yang Fu
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Linhai Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chuanbing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yang Lin
- Key Laboratory for Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chongqin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan He
- Key Laboratory for Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | | | - Jianjun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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8
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Abstract
![]()
Electron crystallography
has a storied history which rivals that
of its more established X-ray-enabled counterpart. Recent advances
in data collection and analysis have sparked a renaissance in the
field, opening a new chapter for this venerable technique. Burgeoning
interest in electron crystallography has spawned innovative methods
described by various interchangeable labels (3D ED, MicroED, cRED,
etc.). This Review covers concepts and findings relevant to the practicing
crystallographer, with an emphasis on experiments aimed at using electron
diffraction to elucidate the atomic structure of three-dimensional
molecular crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambarneil Saha
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shervin S Nia
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - José A Rodríguez
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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