1
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Dorst KM, Widmalm G. Conformational Preferences at the Glycosidic Linkage of Saccharides in Solution as Deduced from NMR Experiments and MD Simulations: Comparison to Crystal Structures. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304047. [PMID: 38180821 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Glycans are central to information content and regulation in biological systems. These carbohydrate molecules are active either as oligo- or polysaccharides, often in the form of glycoconjugates. The monosaccharide entities are joined by glycosidic linkages and stereochemical arrangements are of utmost importance in determining conformation and flexibility of saccharides. The conformational preferences and population distributions at the glycosidic torsion angles φ and ψ have been investigated for O-methyl glycosides of three disaccharides where the substitution takes place at a secondary alcohol, viz., in α-l-Fucp-(1→3)-β-d-Glcp-OMe, α-l-Fucp-(1→3)-α-d-Galp-OMe and α-d-Glcp-(1→4)-α-d-Galp-OMe, corresponding to disaccharide structural elements present in bacterial polysaccharides. Stereochemical differences at or adjacent to the glycosidic linkage were explored by solution state NMR spectroscopy using one-dimensional 1 H,1 H-NOESY NMR experiments to obtain transglycosidic proton-proton distances and one- and two-dimensional heteronuclear NMR experiments to obtain 3 JCH transglycosidic coupling constants related to torsion angles φ and ψ. Computed effective proton-proton distances from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed excellent agreement to experimentally derived distances for the α-(1→3)-linked disaccharides and revealed that for the bimodal distribution at the ψ torsion angle for the α-(1→4)-linked disaccharide experiment and simulation were at variance with each other, calling for further force field developments. The MD simulations disclosed a highly intricate inter-residue hydrogen bonding pattern for the α-(1→4)-linked disaccharide, including a nonconventional hydrogen bond between H5' in the glucosyl residue and O3 in the galactosyl residue, supported by a large downfield 1 H NMR chemical shift displacement compared to α-d-Glcp-OMe. Comparison of population distributions of the glycosidic torsion angles φ and ψ in the disaccharide entities to those of corresponding crystal structures highlighted the potential importance of solvation on the preferred conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Dorst
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Yadav N, Djalali S, Poveda A, Ricardo MG, Seeberger PH, Jiménez-Barbero J, Delbianco M. Dissecting the Conformational Stability of a Glycan Hairpin. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6369-6376. [PMID: 38377472 PMCID: PMC10921397 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Systematic structural studies of model oligopeptides revealed important aspects of protein folding and offered design principles to access non-natural materials. In the same way, the rules that regulate glycan folding could be established by studying synthetic oligosaccharide models. However, their analysis is often limited due to the synthetic and analytical complexity. By utilizing a glycan capable of spontaneously folding into a hairpin conformation as a model system, we investigated the factors that contribute to its conformational stability in aqueous solution. The modular design of the hairpin model featured a trisaccharide turn unit and two β-1,4-oligoglucoside stacking strands that allowed for systematic chemical modifications of the glycan sequence, including the introduction of NMR labels and staples. Nuclear magnetic resonance assisted by molecular dynamics simulations revealed that stereoelectronic effects and multiple glycan-glycan interactions are the major determinants of folding stabilization. Chemical modifications in the glycan primary sequence (e.g., strand elongation) can be employed to fine-tune the rigidity of structural motifs distant from the modification sites. These results could inspire the design of other glycan architectures, with implications in glycobiology and material sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishu Yadav
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Surusch Djalali
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ana Poveda
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - Manuel G. Ricardo
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio 48160, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
- Department
of Inorganic & Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV, Leioa 48940, Spain
- Centro de
Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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3
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Ruijgrok G, Wu DY, Overkleeft HS, Codée JDC. Synthesis and application of bacterial exopolysaccharides. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 78:102418. [PMID: 38134611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides are produced and excreted by bacteria in the generation of biofilms to provide a protective environment. These polysaccharides are generally generated as heterogeneous polymers of varying length, featuring diverse substitution patterns. To obtain well-defined fragments of these polysaccharides, organic synthesis often is the method of choice, as it allows for full control over chain length and the installation of a pre-determined substitution pattern. This review presents several recent syntheses of exopolysaccharide fragments of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and illustrates how these have been used to study biosynthesis enzymes and generate synthetic glycoconjugate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs Ruijgrok
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333, CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dung-Yeh Wu
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333, CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333, CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333, CC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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4
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Widmalm G. Glycan Shape, Motions, and Interactions Explored by NMR Spectroscopy. JACS AU 2024; 4:20-39. [PMID: 38274261 PMCID: PMC10807006 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Glycans in the form of oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates are ubiquitous in nature, and their structures range from linear assemblies to highly branched and decorated constructs. Solution state NMR spectroscopy facilitates elucidation of preferred conformations and shapes of the saccharides, motions, and dynamic aspects related to processes over time as well as the study of transient interactions with proteins. Identification of intermolecular networks at the atomic level of detail in recognition events by carbohydrate-binding proteins known as lectins, unraveling interactions with antibodies, and revealing substrate scope and action of glycosyl transferases employed for synthesis of oligo- and polysaccharides may efficiently be analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. By utilizing NMR active nuclei present in glycans and derivatives thereof, including isotopically enriched compounds, highly detailed information can be obtained by the experiments. Subsequent analysis may be aided by quantum chemical calculations of NMR parameters, machine learning-based methodologies and artificial intelligence. Interpretation of the results from NMR experiments can be complemented by extensive molecular dynamics simulations to obtain three-dimensional dynamic models, thereby clarifying molecular recognition processes involving the glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Fittolani G, Tyrikos-Ergas T, Poveda A, Yu Y, Yadav N, Seeberger PH, Jiménez-Barbero J, Delbianco M. Synthesis of a glycan hairpin. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1461-1469. [PMID: 37400598 PMCID: PMC10533408 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The primary sequence of a biopolymer encodes the essential information for folding, permitting to carry out sophisticated functions. Inspired by natural biopolymers, peptide and nucleic acid sequences have been designed to adopt particular three-dimensional (3D) shapes and programmed to exert specific functions. In contrast, synthetic glycans capable of autonomously folding into defined 3D conformations have so far not been explored owing to their structural complexity and lack of design rules. Here we generate a glycan that adopts a stable secondary structure not present in nature, a glycan hairpin, by combining natural glycan motifs, stabilized by a non-conventional hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions. Automated glycan assembly enabled rapid access to synthetic analogues, including site-specific 13C-labelled ones, for nuclear magnetic resonance conformational analysis. Long-range inter-residue nuclear Overhauser effects unequivocally confirmed the folded conformation of the synthetic glycan hairpin. The capacity to control the 3D shape across the pool of available monosaccharides has the potential to afford more foldamer scaffolds with programmable properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Fittolani
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Theodore Tyrikos-Ergas
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ana Poveda
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Nishu Yadav
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
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6
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Komarova BS, Novikova NS, Gerbst AG, Sinitsyna OA, Rubtsova EA, Kondratyeva EG, Sinitsyn AP, Nifantiev NE. Combination of 3- O-Levulinoyl and 6- O-Trifluorobenzoyl Groups Ensures α-Selectivity in Glucosylations: Synthesis of the Oligosaccharides Related to Aspergillus fumigatus α-(1 → 3)-d-Glucan. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12542-12564. [PMID: 37593939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Stereospecific α-glucosylation of primary and secondary OH-group at carbohydrate acceptors is achieved using glucosyl N-phenyl-trifluoroacetimidate (PTFAI) donor protected with an electron-withdrawing 2,4,5-trifluorobenzoyl (TFB) group at O-6 and the participating levulinoyl (Lev) group at O-3. New factors have been revealed that might explain α-stereoselectivity in the case of TFB and pentafluorobenzoyl (PFB) groups at O-6. They are of conformational nature and confirmed by DFT calculations. The potential of this donor, as well as the orthogonality of TFB and Lev protecting groups, is showcased by the synthesis of α-(1 → 3)-linked pentaglucoside corresponding to Aspergillus fumigatus α-(1 → 3)-d-glucan and of its hexasaccharide derivative, bearing β-glucosamine residue at the non-reducing end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhena S Komarova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia S Novikova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey G Gerbst
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga A Sinitsyna
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1-11, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Rubtsova
- FRC "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33-2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Elena G Kondratyeva
- FRC "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33-2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Arkady P Sinitsyn
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1-11, Moscow 119992, Russia
- FRC "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33-2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Nikolay E Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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7
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Duan L, Nie Q, Hu Y, Wang L, Guo K, Zhou Z, Song X, Tu Y, Liu H, Hansen T, Sun JS, Zhang Q. Stereoselective Synthesis of the O-antigen of A. baumannii ATCC 17961 Using Long-Range Levulinoyl Group Participation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306971. [PMID: 37327196 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we described the first synthesis of the pentasaccharide and decasaccharide of the A. baumannii ATCC 17961 O-antigen for developing a synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccine against A. baumannii infection. The efficient synthesis of the rare sugar 2,3-diacetamido-glucuronate was achieved using our recently introduced organocatalytic glycosylation method. We found, for the first time, that long-range levulinoyl group participation via a hydrogen bond can result in a significantly improved β-selectivity in glycosylations. This solves the stereoselectivity problem of highly branched galactose acceptors. The proposed mechanism was supported by control experiments and DFT computations. Benefiting from the long-range levulinoyl group participation strategy, the pentasaccharide donor and acceptor were obtained via an efficient [2+1+2] one-pot glycosylation method and were used for the target decasaccharide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangshen Duan
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nan Chang, 330022, China
| | - Qin Nie
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nan Chang, 330022, China
| | - Yongxin Hu
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nan Chang, 330022, China
| | - Liming Wang
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nan Chang, 330022, China
| | - Kaiyan Guo
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nan Chang, 330022, China
| | - Zhuoyi Zhou
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nan Chang, 330022, China
| | - Xu Song
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nan Chang, 330022, China
| | - Yuanhong Tu
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nan Chang, 330022, China
| | - Hui Liu
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nan Chang, 330022, China
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam (The, Netherlands
| | - Jian-Song Sun
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nan Chang, 330022, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, and Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qingju Zhang
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nan Chang, 330022, China
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8
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Wang Z, Poveda A, Zhang Q, Unione L, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Jesús JB, Codée JDC. Total Synthesis and Structural Studies of Zwitterionic Bacteroides fragilis Polysaccharide A1 Fragments. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37310804 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPSs) are exceptional carbohydrates, carrying both positively charged amine groups and negatively charged carboxylates, that can be loaded onto MHC-II molecules to activate T cells. It remains enigmatic, however, how these polysaccharides bind to these receptors, and to understand the structural features responsible for this "peptide-like" behavior, well-defined ZPS fragments are required in sufficient quantity and quality. We here present the first total synthesis of Bacteroides fragilis PS A1 fragments encompassing up to 12 monosaccharides, representing three repeating units. Key to our successful syntheses has been the incorporation of a C-3,C-6-silylidene-bridged "ring-inverted" galactosamine building block that was designed to act as an apt nucleophile as well as a stereoselective glycosyl donor. Our stereoselective synthesis route is further characterized by a unique protecting group strategy, built on base-labile protecting groups, which has allowed the incorporation of an orthogonal alkyne functionalization handle. Detailed structural studies have revealed that the assembled oligosaccharides take up a bent structure, which translates into a left-handed helix for larger PS A1 polysaccharides, presenting the key positively charged amino groups to the outside of the helix. The availability of the fragments and the insight into their secondary structure will enable detailed interaction studies with binding proteins to unravel the mode of action of these unique oligosaccharides at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Ana Poveda
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Qingju Zhang
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Luca Unione
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A van der Marel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jiménez-Barbero Jesús
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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9
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Sukhran Y, Alshanski I, Filiba O, Mackintosh MJ, Schapiro I, Hurevich M. Unexpected Nucleophile Masking in Acyl Transfer to Sterically Crowded and Conformationally Restricted Galactosides. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37269328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Design and synthesis of orthogonally protected monosaccharide building blocks are crucial for the preparation of well-defined oligosaccharides in a stereo- and regiocontrolled manner. Selective introduction of protecting groups to partially protected monosaccharides is nontrivial due to the often unpredictable electronic, steric, and conformational effects of the substituents. Abolished reactivity toward a commonly used Lewis base-catalyzed acylation of O-2 was observed in conformationally restricted 4,6-O-benzylidene-3-O-Nap galactoside. Investigation of analogous systems, crystallographic characterization, and quantum chemical calculations highlighted the overlooked conformational and steric considerations, the combination of which produces a unique passivity of the 2-OH nucleophile. Evaluating the role of electrophile counterion and auxiliary base in the acylation of the sterically crowded and conformationally restricted galactoside system revealed an alternative Brønsted base-driven reaction pathway via nucleophilic activation. Insights gained from this model system were utilized to access the target galactoside intermediate within the envisioned synthetic route. The acylation strategy described herein can be implemented in future syntheses of key monomeric building blocks with unique protecting group hierarchies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Sukhran
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Israel Alshanski
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ofer Filiba
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Megan J Mackintosh
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Igor Schapiro
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Mattan Hurevich
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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10
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Balducci E, Papi F, Capialbi DE, Del Bino L. Polysaccharides' Structures and Functions in Biofilm Architecture of Antimicrobial-Resistant (AMR) Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044030. [PMID: 36835442 PMCID: PMC9965654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and fungi have developed resistance to the existing therapies such as antibiotics and antifungal drugs, and multiple mechanisms are mediating this resistance. Among these, the formation of an extracellular matrix embedding different bacterial cells, called biofilm, is an effective strategy through which bacterial and fungal cells are establishing a relationship in a unique environment. The biofilm provides them the possibility to transfer genes conferring resistance, to prevent them from desiccation and to impede the penetration of antibiotics or antifungal drugs. Biofilms are formed of several constituents including extracellular DNA, proteins and polysaccharides. Depending on the bacteria, different polysaccharides form the biofilm matrix in different microorganisms, some of them involved in the first stage of cells' attachment to surfaces and to each other, and some responsible for giving the biofilm structure resistance and stability. In this review, we describe the structure and the role of different polysaccharides in bacterial and fungal biofilms, we revise the analytical methods to characterize them quantitatively and qualitatively and finally we provide an overview of potential new antimicrobial therapies able to inhibit biofilm formation by targeting exopolysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniela Eloisa Capialbi
- GSK, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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11
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Qamar SA, Riasat A, Jahangeer M, Fatima R, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN, Mu BZ. Prospects of microbial polysaccharides-based hybrid constructs for biomimicking applications. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:1319-1336. [PMID: 35048396 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are biobased polymers obtained from renewable sources. They exhibit various interesting features including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxicity. Microbial polysaccharides are produced by several microorganisms including yeast, fungi, algae, and bacteria. Microbial polysaccharides have gained high importance in biotechnology due to their novel physiochemical characteristics and composition. Among microbial polysaccharides, xanthan, alginate, gellan, and dextran are the most commonly reported polysaccharides for the development of biomimetic materials for biomedical applications including targeted drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue engineering. Several chemical and physical cross-linking reactions are performed to increase their technological and functional properties. Owning to the broad-scale applications of microbial polysaccharides, this review aims to summarize the characteristics with different ways of physical/chemical crosslinking for polysaccharide regulation. Recently, several biopolymers have gained high importance due to their biologically active properties. This will help in the formation of bioactive nutraceuticals and functional foods. This review provides a perspective on microbial polysaccharides, with special emphasis given to applications in promising biosectors and the subsequent advancement on the discovery and development of new polysaccharides for adding new products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmad Ahmad Qamar
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Areej Riasat
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jahangeer
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rameen Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Bo-Zhong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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12
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Le Mauff F, Razvi E, Reichhardt C, Sivarajah P, Parsek MR, Howell PL, Sheppard DC. The Pel polysaccharide is predominantly composed of a dimeric repeat of α-1,4 linked galactosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine. Commun Biol 2022; 5:502. [PMID: 35618750 PMCID: PMC9135694 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic capacity to synthesize the biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide Pel is widespread among Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. However, its exact chemical structure has been challenging to determine. Using a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain engineered to overproduce Pel, improvements to the isolation procedure, and selective hydrolysis with the glycoside hydrolase PelAh, we demonstrate that Pel is a partially de-N-acetylated linear polymer of α-1,4-N-acetylgalactosamine comprised predominantly of dimeric repeats of galactosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine. The structure of the Pel exopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Le Mauff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Infectious Disease in Global Health Program, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erum Razvi
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Courtney Reichhardt
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Piyanka Sivarajah
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew R Parsek
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P Lynne Howell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Donald C Sheppard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Infectious Disease in Global Health Program, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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13
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Grinkova AA, Ustyuzhanina NE, Nifantiev NE. Synthesis of Oligosaccharides Structurally Related to Hyaluronic Acid Fragments. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC. Assembly of a Library of Pel-Oligosaccharides Featuring α-Glucosamine and α-Galactosamine Linkages. Front Chem 2022; 10:842238. [PMID: 35155372 PMCID: PMC8826555 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.842238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium for which currently antibiotic resistance is posing a significant problem and for which no vaccines are available, protects itself by the formation of a biofilm. The Pel polysaccharide, a cationic polymer composed of cis-linked galactosamine (GalN), N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc), glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) monosaccharides, is an important constituent of the biofilm. Well-defined Pel oligosaccharides will be valuable tools to probe the biosynthesis machinery of this polysaccharide and may serve as diagnostic tools or be used as components of glycoconjugate vaccines. We here, report on the development of synthetic chemistry to access well-defined Pel-oligosaccharides. The chemistry hinges on the use of di-tert-butylsilylidene protected GalN and GlcN building blocks, which allow for completely cis-selective glycosylation reactions. We show the applicability of the chemistry by the assembly of a matrix of 3 × 6 Pel heptasaccharides, which has been generated from a single set of suitably protected Pel heptasaccharides, in which a single glucosamine residue is incorporated and positioned at different places along the Pel oligo-galactosamine chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Liming Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | | | | | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Jeroen D. C. Codée,
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15
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Hinterholzer A, Moises J, Regl C, Schwap S, Rapp E, Huber CG, Schubert M. Unambiguous identification of α-Gal epitopes in intact monoclonal antibodies by NMR spectroscopy. MAbs 2022; 14:2132977. [PMID: 36239533 PMCID: PMC9578466 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2132977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-Gal epitope consisting of the terminal trisaccharide Galα1,3Galβ1,4GlcNAc exposed on cell or protein surfaces can cause severe immune reactions, such as hypersensitivity reactions, in humans. This epitope is also called the xenotransplantation epitope because it is one of the main reasons for the rejection of non-human organ transplants by the human innate immune response. Recombinant therapeutic proteins expressed in murine cell lines may contain α-Gal epitopes, and therefore their absence or presence needs to be tightly monitored to minimize any undesired adverse effects. The analytical identification of α-Gal epitopes in glycoproteins using the common standard techniques based on liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry is challenging, mainly due to the isobaricity of hexose stereoisomers. Here, we present a straightforward NMR approach to detect the presence of α-Gal in biotherapeutics based on a quick screen with sensitive 1H-1H TOCSY spectra followed by a confirmation using 1H-13C HSQC spectra.Abbreviations: α-Gal: α1,3-linked galactose; AGC: automatic gain control; CHO: Chinese hamster ovary; CE: capillary electrophoreses coupled to mass spectrometry; COSY: correlation spectroscopy; DSS: 2,2-dimethyl-2-silapentane-5-sulfonate; DTT: dithiothreitol; GlcNAc: N-acetyl glusomamine; HCD: higher-energy collisional dissociation; HMBC: heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation; HPLC: high-performance liquid chromatography; HSQC: heteronuclear single-quantum corre; LacNAc: N-acetyl lactosamine; mAb: monoclonal antibody; MS: mass spectrometry; NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance; NOESY: 2D) nuclear Overhauser spectroscopy; PEG: polyethylenglycol; pH*: observed pH meter reading without correction for isotope effects; PTM: post-translational modification; TCEP: tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride; TOCSY: total correlation spectroscopy; xCGE-LIF: multiplex capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Hinterholzer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria,Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jennifer Moises
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christof Regl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria,Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastian Schwap
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria,Bundesrealgymnasium Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- glyXera GmbH, Brenneckestraße, Magdeburg, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian G. Huber
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria,Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mario Schubert
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria,Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria,CONTACT Mario Schubert Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology,University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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16
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17
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Kazakova ED, Yashunsky DV, Nifantiev NE. The Synthesis of Blood Group Antigenic A Trisaccharide and Its Biotinylated Derivative. Molecules 2021; 26:5887. [PMID: 34641431 PMCID: PMC8512078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood group antigenic A trisaccharide represents the terminal residue of all A blood group antigens and plays a key role in blood cell recognition and blood group compatibility. Herein, we describe the synthesis of the spacered A trisaccharide by means of an assembly scheme that employs in its most complex step the recently proposed glycosyl donor of the 2-azido-2-deoxy-selenogalactoside type, bearing stereocontrolling 3-O-benzoyl and 4,6-O-(di-tert-butylsilylene)-protecting groups. Its application provided efficient and stereoselective formation of the required α-glycosylation product, which was then deprotected and subjected to spacer biotinylation to give both target products, which are in demand for biochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nikolay E. Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.D.K.); (D.V.Y.)
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18
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Selective
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C‐Labels on Repeating Glycan Oligomers to Reveal Protein Binding Epitopes through NMR: Polylactosamine Binding to Galectins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Moure MJ, Gimeno A, Delgado S, Diercks T, Boons G, Jiménez‐Barbero J, Ardá A. Selective 13 C-Labels on Repeating Glycan Oligomers to Reveal Protein Binding Epitopes through NMR: Polylactosamine Binding to Galectins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18777-18782. [PMID: 34128568 PMCID: PMC8456918 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A combined chemo-enzymatic synthesis/NMR-based methodology is presented to identify, in unambiguous manner, the distinctive binding epitope within repeating sugar oligomers when binding to protein receptors. The concept is based on the incorporation of 13 C-labels at specific monosaccharide units, selected within a repeating glycan oligomeric structure. No new chemical tags are added, and thus the chemical entity remains the same, while the presence of the 13 C-labeled monosaccharide breaks the NMR chemical shift degeneracy that occurs in the non-labeled compound and allows the unique identification of the different components of the oligomer. The approach is demonstrated by a proof-of-concept study dealing with the interaction of a polylactosamine hexasaccharide with five different galectins that display distinct preferences for these entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J. Moure
- Chemical Glycobiology labCIC bioGUNEBasque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA)Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
| | - Ana Gimeno
- Chemical Glycobiology labCIC bioGUNEBasque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA)Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
| | - Sandra Delgado
- Chemical Glycobiology labCIC bioGUNEBasque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA)Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
| | - Tammo Diercks
- Chemical Glycobiology labCIC bioGUNEBasque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA)Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
| | - Geert‐Jan Boons
- Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Jesús Jiménez‐Barbero
- Chemical Glycobiology labCIC bioGUNEBasque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA)Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for SciencePlaza Euskadi 548009BilbaoSpain
- Department of Organic & Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of the Basque CountryUPV/EHUSpain
| | - Ana Ardá
- Chemical Glycobiology labCIC bioGUNEBasque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA)Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for SciencePlaza Euskadi 548009BilbaoSpain
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20
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Fittolani G, Tyrikos-Ergas T, Vargová D, Chaube MA, Delbianco M. Progress and challenges in the synthesis of sequence controlled polysaccharides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1981-2025. [PMID: 34386106 PMCID: PMC8353590 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The sequence, length and substitution of a polysaccharide influence its physical and biological properties. Thus, sequence controlled polysaccharides are important targets to establish structure-properties correlations. Polymerization techniques and enzymatic methods have been optimized to obtain samples with well-defined substitution patterns and narrow molecular weight distribution. Chemical synthesis has granted access to polysaccharides with full control over the length. Here, we review the progress towards the synthesis of well-defined polysaccharides. For each class of polysaccharides, we discuss the available synthetic approaches and their current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Fittolani
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Theodore Tyrikos-Ergas
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Denisa Vargová
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Manishkumar A Chaube
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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21
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Mei L, Wang X, Yin Y, Tang G, Wang C. Conservative production of galactosaminogalactan in Metarhizium is responsible for appressorium mucilage production and topical infection of insect hosts. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009656. [PMID: 34125872 PMCID: PMC8224951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The exopolysaccharide galactosaminogalactan (GAG) has been well characterized in Aspergilli, especially the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. It has been found that a five-gene cluster is responsible for GAG biosynthesis in Aspergilli to mediate fungal adherence, biofilm formation, immunosuppression or induction of host immune defences. Herein, we report the presence of the conserved GAG biosynthetic gene cluster in the insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii to mediate either similar or unique biological functions. Deletion of the gene cluster disabled fungal ability to produce GAG on germ tubes, mycelia and appressoria. Relative to the wild type strain, null mutant was impaired in topical infection but not injection of insect hosts. We found that GAG production by Metarhizium is partially acetylated and could mediate fungal adherence to hydrophobic insect cuticles, biofilm formation, and penetration of insect cuticles. In particular, it was first confirmed that this exopolymer is responsible for the formation of appressorium mucilage, the essential extracellular matrix formed along with the infection structure differentiation to mediate cell attachment and expression of cuticle degrading enzymes. In contrast to its production during A. fumigatus invasive growth, GAG is not produced on the Metarhizium cells harvested from insect hemocoels; however, the polymer can glue germ tubes into aggregates to form mycelium pellets in liquid culture. The results of this study unravel the biosynthesis and unique function of GAG in a fungal system apart from the aspergilli species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guirong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengshu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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22
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4,6-Di-O-Benzylidenyl group-directed preparation of 2-deoxy-2-azido-α-d-galactopyranosides promoted by 3-O-TBDPS. Carbohydr Res 2021; 500:108237. [PMID: 33548832 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we designed a method to prepare 2-deoxy-2-azido-α-d-galactopyranosidic bonds using 4,6-di-O-benzylidenyl-3-O-t-butyldiphenylsilyl protected 2-deoxy-2-azido-1-thio-d-galactopyranoside 5 as donors. The donor 5 gives a good to excellent α-selectivity in the glycosylation with secondary alcohols, which was found to be associated with the benzylidenyl on 4,6-di-O and TBDPS on 3-O of the donor 5. Compared with results of the donor 6 and 7, the 3-O-TBDPS could increase the activity of the thioglycoside, and the lone pairs on 4,6-di-O-benzylidenyl group enhanced the gg-cofnormation, which plays a role in improving the stereoselectivity. Finally, this method was demonstrated through the synthesis of a α-galactosamine -containing pentasaccharide 26.
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23
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Krylov VB, Nifantiev NE. Synthetic carbohydrate based anti-fungal vaccines. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2020; 35-36:35-43. [PMID: 33388126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim B Krylov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay E Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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24
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Santana AG, Montalvillo-Jiménez L, Díaz-Casado L, Corzana F, Merino P, Cañada FJ, Jiménez-Osés G, Jiménez-Barbero J, Gómez AM, Asensio JL. Dissecting the Essential Role of Anomeric β-Triflates in Glycosylation Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12501-12514. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento Quı́mica and Centro de Investigación en Sı́ntesis Quı́mica, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Rioja, Spain
| | - Pedro Merino
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Fı́sica de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC-bioGUNE), 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC-bioGUNE), 48160 Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Basque
| | - Ana M. Gómez
- Instituto de Quı́mica Orgánica (IQOG-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
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