1
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Hasegawa S, Harano K, Motokura K. RhRu Bimetallic Oxide Cluster Catalysts for Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Arenes and Carboxylic Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19059-19069. [PMID: 38842195 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Noble-metal-based bimetallic oxide clusters are promising novel catalysts. In this study, we developed carbon-supported RhRu bimetallic oxide clusters (RhRuOx/C) with a mean diameter of 1.2 nm, which showed remarkable catalytic activity for the cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) of arenes and carboxylic acids with O2 as the sole oxidant. RhRu bimetallic oxide cluster formation was confirmed by aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Kinetic isotope and substituent effects indicated that arene C-H bond cleavage was the rate-determining step and proceeded via electrophilic concerted metalation-deprotonation mechanism, with a carboxylate as an internal base. Density functional theory calculations supported the proposed mechanism and indicated that the active center for C-H bond activation was Rh(V) rather than Rh(III), while Ru enhanced the electrophilicity of the Rh(V) site by decreasing the negative charge of the surrounding oxygen atoms. Electron-rich arenes showed relatively high reactivity for the RhRuOx/C-catalyzed CDC reaction, and both aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids were applicable to the reaction. The RhRuOx/C catalyst is promising for the CDC reaction of arenes and carboxylic acids to produce aryl esters. This work promotes the development of noble-metal-based bimetallic oxide clusters for C-H bond activation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Harano
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Ken Motokura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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2
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Liu S, Yang Y, Song Q, Liu Z, Lu Y, Wang Z, Sivaguru P, Bi X. Tunable molecular editing of indoles with fluoroalkyl carbenes. Nat Chem 2024; 16:988-997. [PMID: 38443494 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Building molecular complexity from simple feedstocks through precise peripheral and skeletal modifications is central to modern organic synthesis. Nevertheless, a controllable strategy through which both the core skeleton and the periphery of an aromatic heterocycle can be modified with a common substrate remains elusive, despite its potential to maximize structural diversity and applications. Here we report a carbene-initiated chemodivergent molecular editing of indoles that allows both skeletal and peripheral editing by trapping an electrophilic fluoroalkyl carbene generated in situ from fluoroalkyl N-triftosylhydrazones. A variety of fluorine-containing N-heterocyclic scaffolds have been efficiently achieved through tunable chemoselective editing reactions at the skeleton or periphery of indoles, including one-carbon insertion, C3 gem-difluoroolefination, tandem cyclopropanation and N1 gem-difluoroolefination, and cyclopropanation. The power of this chemodivergent molecular editing strategy has been highlighted through the modification of the skeleton or periphery of natural products in a controllable and chemoselective manner. The reaction mechanism and origins of the chemo- and regioselectivity have been probed by both experimental and theoretical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingmin Song
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhanjing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Xihe Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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3
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Jiang W, Yang X, Lin L, Yan C, Zhao Y, Wang M, Shi Z. Merging Visible Light Photocatalysis and P(III)-Directed C-H Activation by a Single Catalyst: Modular Assembly of P-Alkyne Hybrid Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309709. [PMID: 37814137 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed C-H activation strategies provide an efficient approach for synthesis by minimizing atom, step, and redox economy. Developing milder, greener, and more effective protocols for these strategies is always highly desirable to the scientific community. In this study, the utilization of a single rhodium complex enabled the visible-light-induced late-stage C-H activation of biaryl-type phosphines with alkynyl bromides, employing inherent phosphorus atoms as directing groups. This chemistry combines P(III)-directed C-H activation with visible light photocatalysis, under exogenous photosensitizer-free conditions, offering a unique platform for ligand design and preparation. Furthermore, this study also explores the asymmetric catalysis and coordination chemistry of the resulting P-alkyne hybrid ligands with specific transition metals. Experimental results and density functional theory calculations demonstrate the mechanistic intricacies of this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiuxiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chaoguo Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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4
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Yadav SK, Jeganmohan M. Nickel-Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization of 1,6-Diynes with Indolines/Indoles through Dual C-H Bond Activation. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14454-14469. [PMID: 37791905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed site-selective tandem cyclization of 1,6-diynes with substituted indolines or indoles through consecutive dual C-H bond activation is described. In the reaction, substituted fused indole and carbazole derivatives were observed in good to excellent yields, in which three consecutive C-C bonds formed in one pot. Later, in the presence of DDQ, the aromatization of the indoline derivative was converted to the indole derivative. A possible reaction mechanism involving dual C-H bond activation as a key step was proposed to account for the present reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Masilamani Jeganmohan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu India
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5
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de Carvalho RL, Diogo EBT, Homölle SL, Dana S, da Silva Júnior EN, Ackermann L. The crucial role of silver(I)-salts as additives in C-H activation reactions: overall analysis of their versatility and applicability. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6359-6378. [PMID: 37655711 PMCID: PMC10714919 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00328k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal catalyzed C-H activation reactions have been proven to be useful methodologies for the assembly of synthetically meaningful molecules. This approach bears intrinsic peculiarities that are important to be studied and comprehended in order to achieve its best performance. One example is the use of additives for the in situ generation of catalytically active species. This strategy varies according to the type of additive and the nature of the pre-catalyst that is being used. Thus, silver(I)-salts have proven to play an important role, due to the resulting high reactivity derived from the pre-catalysts of the main transition metals used so far. While being powerful and versatile, the use of silver-based additives can raise concerns, since superstoichiometric amounts of silver(I)-salts are typically required. Therefore, it is crucial to first understand the role of silver(I) salts as additives, in order to wisely overcome this barrier and shift towards silver-free systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato L de Carvalho
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Emilay B T Diogo
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Simon L Homölle
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Suman Dana
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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6
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Wang P, Liu J, Zhu X, Yan Z, Yan J, Jiang J, Fu M, Ge J, Zhu Q, Zheng Y. Modular synthesis of clickable peptides via late-stage maleimidation on C(7)-H tryptophan. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3973. [PMID: 37407547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic peptides have attracted tremendous attention in the pharmaceutical industry owing to their excellent cell penetrability, stability, thermostability, and drug-like properties. However, the currently available facile methodologies for creating such peptides are rather limited. Herein, we report an efficient and direct peptide cyclization via rhodium(III)-catalyzed C(7)-H maleimidation. Notably, this catalytical system has excellent regioselectivity and high tolerance of functional groups which enable late-stage cyclization of peptides. This architecture of cyclic peptides exhibits higher bioactivity than its parent linear peptides. Moreover, the Trp-substituted maleimide displays excellent reactivity toward Michael addition, indicating its potential as a click functional group for applications in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry. As a proof of principle, RGD-GFLG-DOX, which is a peptide-drug-conjugate, is constructed and it displays a strong binding affinity and high antiproliferative activity toward integrin-αvβ3 overexpressed cancer cell lines. The proposed strategy for rapid preparation of stapled peptides would be a robust tool for creating peptide-drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhengqing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jiahui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jitong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Manlin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jingyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Yuguo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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7
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Lin L, Zhang XJ, Xu X, Zhao Y, Shi Z. Ru 3 (CO) 12 -Catalyzed Modular Assembly of Hemilabile Ligands by C-H Activation of Phosphines with Isocyanates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214584. [PMID: 36479789 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hemilabile ligands have been applied extensively in transition metal catalysis, but preparations of these molecules typically require multistep synthesis. Here, modular assembly of diverse phosphine-amide ligands, including related axially chiral compounds, is first reported through ruthenium-catalyzed C-H activation of phosphines with isocyanate directed by phosphorus(III) atoms. High reactivity and regioselectivity can be obtained by using a Ru3 (CO)12 catalyst with a mono-N-protected amino acid ligand. This transformation significantly expands the pool of phosphine-amide ligands, some of which have shown excellent efficiency for asymmetric catalysis. More broadly, the discovery constitutes a proof of principle for facile construction of hemilabile ligands directly from the parent monodentate phosphines by C-H activation with ideal atom, step and redox economy. Several dinuclear ruthenium complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealing the key mechanistic features of this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xue-Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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8
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Choi I, Trenerry MJ, Lee KS, King N, Berry JF, Schomaker JM. Divergent C-H Amidations and Imidations by Tuning Electrochemical Reaction Potentials. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201662. [PMID: 36166327 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical C-H functionalizations are attractive transformations, as they are capable of avoiding the use of transition metals, pre-oxidized precursors, or suprastoichiometric amounts of terminal oxidants. Herein an electrochemically tunable method was developed that enabled the divergent formation of cyclic amines or imines by applying different reaction potentials. Detailed cyclic voltammetry analyses, coupled with chronopotentiometry experiments, were carried out to provide insight into the mechanism, while atom economy was assessed through a paired electrolysis. Selective C-H amidations and imidations were achieved to afford five- to seven-membered sulfonamide motifs that could be employed for late-stage modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
- Present address, Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael J Trenerry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Ken S Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Nicholas King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - John F Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
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9
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DFT Insights into the mechanism of Ru(II) Catalyzed C7-selective amidation of N-pivaloylindole. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Banerjee S, Mishra M, Punniyamurthy T. Copper-Catalyzed C7-Selective C–H/N–H Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Indolines with Sulfoximines. Org Lett 2022; 24:7997-8001. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonbidya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Manmath Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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11
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Paul T, Basak S, Punniyamurthy T. Weak Chelation-Assisted C4-Selective Alkylation of Indoles with Cyclopropanols via Sequential C-H/C-C Bond Activation. Org Lett 2022; 24:6000-6005. [PMID: 35947032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A Rh-catalyzed weak chelation-guided C4-alkylation of indoles has been accomplished using cyclopropanols as an alkylating agent via the cascade C-H and C-C bond activation. The substrate scope, functional group tolerance, and late-stage mutation of drug molecules are the important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Shubhajit Basak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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12
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Liu L, Fan X, Wang B, Deng H, Wang T, Zheng J, Chen J, Shi Z, Wang H. P
III
‐Directed Late‐Stage Ligation and Macrocyclization of Peptides with Olefins by Rhodium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206177. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University No. 163 Xianlin Ave Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Xinlong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University No. 163 Xianlin Ave Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Boning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University No. 163 Xianlin Ave Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Hong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University No. 163 Xianlin Ave Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Tianhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University No. 163 Xianlin Ave Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Jie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University No. 163 Xianlin Ave Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University No. 163 Xianlin Ave Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University No. 163 Xianlin Ave Nanjing 210093 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University No. 163 Xianlin Ave Nanjing 210093 China
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13
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Lu P, Zhuang W, Lu L, Liu A, Chen Y, Wu C, Zhang X, Huang Q. Chemodivergent Synthesis of Indeno[1,2- b]indoles and Isoindolo[2,1- a]indoles via Mn(III)-Mediated or Electrochemical Intramolecular Radical Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10967-10981. [PMID: 35901234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chemodivergent synthesis of indeno[1,2-b]indoles and isoindolo[2,1-a]indoles from the same starting materials involving radical cross-dehydrogenative couplings have been developed. Mn(OAc)3·2H2O selectively promoted an intramolecular radical C-H/C-H dehydrogenative coupling reaction to provide indeno[1,2-b]indoles, while an intramolecular radical C-H/N-H dehydrogenative coupling reaction could proceed via electrochemistry to deliver isoindolo[2,1-a]indoles. Plausible mechanisms of the chemodivergent reactions were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Weihui Zhuang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Leipeng Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Anyi Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Yixi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Chenmeng Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Qiufeng Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
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14
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Chen L, Wang Z, Liu H, Li X, Wang B. tert-Butyl nitrite triggered radical cascade reaction for synthesizing isoxazoles by a one-pot multicomponent strategy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9152-9155. [PMID: 35894608 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02823a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free radical cyclization/dehydrogenation cascade of alkenes with aldehydes has been developed for the synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles in a one-pot system. This protocol features excellent functional group tolerance and operational simplicity, and is easily scaled up. The radical process is well supported by TEMPO-adducts and the intermediate β-carbonyl ketoxime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leijing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, P. R. China. .,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, P. R. China
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15
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Logeswaran R, Jeganmohan M. Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed, Chelation‐Assisted C−H Alkenylation and Allylation of Organic Molecules with Unactivated Alkenes. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Taskesenligil Y, Aslan M, Cogurcu T, Saracoglu N. Directed C-H Functionalization of C3-Aldehyde, Ketone, and Acid/Ester-Substituted Free (NH) Indoles with Iodoarenes via a Palladium Catalyst System. J Org Chem 2022; 88:1299-1318. [PMID: 35609297 PMCID: PMC9903333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H arylations of free (NH) indoles including different carbonyl directing groups on C3-position with aryl iodides are demonstrated. Importantly, the reactions are carried out using the same catalyst system without any additional transient directing group (TDG). In this study, the formyl group as a directing group gave the C4-arylated indoles versus C2-arylation. Using this catalyst system, C-H functionalization of 3-acetylindoles provided domino C4-arylation/3,2-carbonyl migration products. This transformation involves the unusual migration of the acetyl group to the C2-position following C4-arylation in one pot. Meanwhile, migration of the acetyl group could be simply controlled and N-protected 3-acetylindoles afforded C4-arylation products without migration of the acetyl group. Functionalization of indole-3-carboxylic acid (or methyl ester) with aryl iodides using the present Pd(II)-catalyst system resulted in decarboxylation followed by the formation of C2-arylated indoles. Based on the control experiments and the literature, plausible mechanisms are proposed. The synthetic utilities of these acetylindole derivatives have also been demonstrated. Remarkably, C4-arylated acetylindoles have allowed the construction of functionalized pityiacitrin (a natural product).
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17
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LIU LEI, FAN XINLONG, WANG BONING, DENG HONG, WANG TIANHANG, ZHENG JIE, CHEN JUN, SHI ZHUANGZHI, Wang H. P(III)‐Directed Late‐Stage Ligation and Macrocyclization of Peptides with Olefins by Rhodium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- LEI LIU
- Nanjing University CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CHINA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - JUN CHEN
- Nanjing University CHEMISTRY CHINA
| | | | - Huan Wang
- Nanjing University Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 163 Xianlin Ave.Chemistry Building, E504 210023 Nanjing CHINA
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18
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Akyildiz V, Lafzi F, Kilic H, Saracoglu N. Solvent-controlled regioselective C(5)-H/N(1)-H bond alkylations of indolines and C(6)-H bond alkylations of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines with para-quinone methides. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3570-3588. [PMID: 35419578 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00035k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Solvent-promoted and -controlled regioselective bond alkylation reactions of para-quinone methides (p-QMs) with N-H free-indoline and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) under metal-free conditions have been developed. In the presence of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) as the solvent, 1,6-addition alkylation reactions of p-QMs with NH-free indolines and THQs efficiently gave C5-alkylated indolines and C6-alkylated THQs. Using catalytic amounts of HFIP in DCM, the reaction of indolines and p-QMs resulted in the alkylation of indolines at the N1-position. HFIP plays two roles in the reactions: converting the indoline and THQ into bidentate nucleophiles and activating the p-QMs to achieve the 1,6-addition alkylation via hydrogen bond clusters. The indoline and THQ act as a C-nucleophile due to the H-bond clusters between HFIP and the nitrogen atom, whereas upon using catalytic amounts of HFIP, the compounds act as an N-nucleophile. All alkylation products were transformed into the corresponding indoles and quinolines via oxidation in the presence of diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD). Furthermore, the synthetic utilities have been showcased with both the removal of the tert-butyl groups from the C5-alkylated indole products and submission to their Suzuki coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Akyildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.
| | - Ferruh Lafzi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.
| | - Haydar Kilic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.
| | - Nurullah Saracoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.
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19
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Ahmad A, Dutta HS, Kumar M, Raziullah, Gangwar MK, Koley D. Directing Group Guided Site-Selective Diversification of Indoles by Aziridine: Synthesis of β-Indolylethylamines. Org Lett 2022; 24:2783-2787. [PMID: 35394290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A palladium catalyzed directing group assisted cross-coupling of aliphatic aziridines with indole, indoline, tetrahydroquinoline, and aniline has been developed to furnish the corresponding β-arylethylamine derivatives. The substrate scope was very general, and the protocol was also tolerated in the presence of various external additives. Control experiments suggested that the C-H cleavage step is the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ahmad
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Himangsu Sekhar Dutta
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Raziullah
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Gangwar
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dipankar Koley
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
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20
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Suzuki H, Kawai Y, Takemura Y, Matsuda T. Rhodium-catalysed decarbonylative C(sp 2)-H alkylation of indolines with alkyl carboxylic acids and carboxylic anhydrides under redox-neutral conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2808-2812. [PMID: 35318479 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00249c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We developed a rhodium-catalysed decarbonylative C(sp2)-H alkylation method for indolines. This reaction facilitates the use of alkyl carboxylic acids and their anhydrides as a cheap, abundant and non-toxic alkyl source under redox-neutral conditions, featuring the introduction of a primary alkyl chain, which cannot be addressed by previous radical-mediated decarboxylative reaction. Through a mechanistic investigation, we revealed that an initially formed C-7 acylated indoline was transformed into the corresponding alkylated indoline via a decarbonylation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Yuya Kawai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Takemura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Takanori Matsuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
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21
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Xu T, He Q, Fan R. Synthesis of C7-Functionalized Indoles through an Aromaticity Destruction-Reconstruction Process. Org Lett 2022; 24:2665-2669. [PMID: 35377659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A process for the synthesis of C7-functionalized indoles using para-substituted 2-alkynylanilines as starting materials was reported. The process involves a dearomatization, an 1,2-addition by organic lithium or Grignard reagents, an aromatization-driven allylic rearrangement, and a cyclization. A variety of groups including alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, or alkynyl groups were selectively installed at the C7 site of indoles leading to the formation of 2,5,7-trisubstituted indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxuan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qiuqin He
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Renhua Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
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22
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Jardim GAM, de Carvalho RL, Nunes MP, Machado LA, Almeida LD, Bahou KA, Bower JF, da Silva Júnior EN. Looking deep into C-H functionalization: the synthesis and application of cyclopentadienyl and related metal catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3101-3121. [PMID: 35195128 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07040a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metal catalyzed C-H functionalization offers a versatile platform for methodology development and a wide variety of reactions now exist for the chemo- and site-selective functionalization of organic molecules. Cyclopentadienyl-metal (CpM) complexes of transition metals and their correlative analogues have found widespread application in this area, and herein we highlight several key applications of commonly used transition-metal Cp-type catalysts. In addition, an understanding of transition metal Cp-type catalyst synthesis is important, particularly where modifications to the catalyst structure are required for different applications, and a summary of this aspect is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme A M Jardim
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil. .,Centre for Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Renato L de Carvalho
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
| | - Mateus P Nunes
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luana A Machado
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil. .,Department of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro D Almeida
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
| | - Karim A Bahou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - John F Bower
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
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23
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Sheng Y, Gao Y, Duan B, Lv M, Chen Y, Yang M, Zhou J, Liang G, Song Z. Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Direct C7‐Selective Alkenylation and Alkylation of Indoles with Maleimides. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoguang Sheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjie Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Zengqiang Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 People's Republic of China
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24
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Prabagar B, Yang Y, Shi Z. Site-selective C-H functionalization to access the arene backbone of indoles and quinolines. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11249-11269. [PMID: 34486584 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00334d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The site-selective C-H bond functionalization of heteroarenes can eventually provide chemists with great techniques for editing and building complex molecular scaffolds. During the past decade, benzo-fused N-heterocycles such as indoles and quinolines have been among the most widely investigated organic templates. Early developments have led to site-selective C-H bond functionalization on the pyrrole and pyridine cores of indoles and quinolines; however, C-H functionalization on the benzenoid ring has remained a great challenge in catalysis. In this review, we elaborate on recent developments in the highly challenging functionalization of C-H bonds on the less-reactive benzenoid core of indoles and quinolines. These findings are mainly described as selective directing group assisted strategies, remote C-H functionalization techniques and their reaction mechanisms. The underlying principle in each strategy is elucidated, which aims to facilitate the design of a more advanced structure of heterocycles based on bioactive molecules, synthetic drugs, and material aspects. Moreover, the challenges and perspectives for catalytic C-H functionalization to access the arene backbone of indoles and quinolines are also proposed in the conclusion section.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Prabagar
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Youqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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25
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Wang Z, Zheng Z, Li P, Zhou C, Cai S, Xiao B, Wang L. Rhodium‐Catalyzed
Direct C—H Alkenylation of Indoles with Alkenyl Borates. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze‐Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University 8 Sanjiaohu Road Wuhan Hubei 430056 China
| | - Zi‐Ang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University 8 Sanjiaohu Road Wuhan Hubei 430056 China
| | - Peng‐Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University 8 Sanjiaohu Road Wuhan Hubei 430056 China
| | - Chun‐Ni Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University 8 Sanjiaohu Road Wuhan Hubei 430056 China
| | - Shao‐Jun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University 8 Sanjiaohu Road Wuhan Hubei 430056 China
| | - Biao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University 8 Sanjiaohu Road Wuhan Hubei 430056 China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University 8 Sanjiaohu Road Wuhan Hubei 430056 China
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26
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Laru S, Bhattacharjee S, Ghosh S, Hajra A. One-Pot Construction of Indolo[2,3- b]quinoxalines through Ruthenium-Catalyzed Ortho C-H Bond Functionalization of 2-Arylquinoxalines with Sulfonyl Azides. Org Lett 2021; 23:7624-7629. [PMID: 34543023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of N-substituted indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines has been developed through a Ru(II)-catalyzed ortho C-H functionalization of 2-arylquinoxalines with sulfonyl azides and further oxidation with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone in one pot. This double C-N bond formation strategy provides a new efficient route for the preparation of a series of biologically relevant 6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline derivatives in up to 94% yield, suggesting a broad substrate scope applicability. The preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that the sequential C-N bond formations proceed through the formation of a five-membered ruthenacyclic intermediate in the first step and a radical mechanism in the second step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Laru
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Suvam Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
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27
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Banjare SK, Nanda T, Pati BV, Adhikari GKD, Dutta J, Ravikumar PC. Breaking the Trend: Insight into Unforeseen Reactivity of Alkynes in Cobalt-Catalyzed Weak Chelation-Assisted Regioselective C(4)–H Functionalization of 3-Pivaloyl Indole. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Kumar Banjare
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Tanmayee Nanda
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Bedadyuti Vedvyas Pati
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Gopal Krushna Das Adhikari
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Juhi Dutta
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Ponneri C. Ravikumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
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28
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Zhang J, Wang M, Wang H, Xu H, Chen J, Guo Z, Ma B, Ban SR, Dai HX. Construction of 2-alkynyl aza-spiro[4,5]indole scaffolds via sequential C-H activations for modular click chemistry libraries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8656-8659. [PMID: 34373875 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02798k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have developed a strategy of sequential C-H activations of indole to construct novel 2-alkynyl aza-spiro[4,5]indole scaffolds, which incorporated both alkyne and spiro-units into indole. Gram-scale synthesis and a one-pot, three-step synthesis demonstrated the utility of this protocol. Hybrid conjugates with an oseltamivir derivative further offered a powerful tool for the construction of a versatile spiroindole-containing library via click chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan 030001, China.
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29
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Kona CN, Nishii Y, Miura M. Sulfur-Directed C 7-Selective Alkenylation of Indoles under Rhodium Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:6252-6256. [PMID: 34351764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective direct functionalization of an indole benzenoid fragment has been a significant challenge because of its inherently lower reactivity. In this report, we introduce a Rh-catalyzed C7-selective alkenylation of indole derivatives using a new sulfur directing group N-SCy. A notable feature of this system is that the directing group is readily installed to the indoles and easily removed after the catalysis under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrababu Naidu Kona
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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30
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Zhao F, Qiao J, Lu Y, Zhang X, Dai L, Gong X, Mao H, Lu S, Wu X, Liu S. Rh(III)-Catalyzed Divergent Synthesis of Alkynylated Imidazo[1,5- a]indoles and α,α-Difluoromethylene Tetrasubstituted Alkenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:5766-5771. [PMID: 34279111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the divergent synthesis of alkynylated imidazo[1,5-a]indoles and α,α-difluoromethylene tetrasubstituted alkenes through Rh(III)-catalyzed [4 + 1] annulation/alkyne moiety migration and C-H alkenylation/DG migration, respectively. This protocol features tunable product selectivity, excellent chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity, broad substrate scope, moderate to high yields, good tolerance of functional groups, and mild redox-neutral conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, China.,Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jin Qiao
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, China
| | - Yangbin Lu
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, China
| | - Long Dai
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, China
| | - Xin Gong
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Hui Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, China
| | - Shiyao Lu
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, China
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, the Institutes of Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, China.,Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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31
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Shi X, Wang Z, Li Y, Li X, Li X, Shi D. Palladium-Catalyzed Remote C-H Phosphonylation of Indoles at the C4 and C6 Positions by a Radical Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13871-13876. [PMID: 33851763 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed direct C-H activation of indole benzenoid moiety has been achieved in the past decade. However, palladium-catalyzed remote C-H activation of indoles is rare. Herein, we report a challenging palladium-catalyzed remote C4-H phosphonylation of indoles by a radical approach. The method provides access to a series of C4-phosphonylated indoles, including tryptophan and tryptophan-containing dipeptides, which are typically inaccessible by direct C4-H activation due to its heavy reliance on C3 directing groups. Notably, unexpected C6-phosphonylated indoles were obtained through blocking of the C4 position. The preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that the reactions may proceed via a C7-palladacycle/remote-activation process. Based on the strategy, examples of remote C4-H difluoromethylation with BrCF2 COOEt are also presented, suggesting that the strategy may offer a general blueprint for other cross-couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Zemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 168 Weihai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
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32
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Shi X, Wang Z, Li Y, Li X, Li X, Shi D. Palladium‐Catalyzed Remote C−H Phosphonylation of Indoles at the C4 and C6 Positions by a Radical Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408 China
| | - Zemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Yuxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology 168 Weihai Road Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
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33
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Selective Synthesis of 2-Aryl-3-Alkenylindoles and 2-Aryl-3-Alkynylindoles by Palladium-Catalyzed Ligand-Promoted Annulative Coupling of Anilines and Propargyl Alcohols. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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34
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Choi I, Müller V, Ackermann L. Ruthenium(II)-carboxylate-catalyzed C4/C6–H dual alkylations of indoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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35
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36
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Raziullah, Kumar M, Khan AA, Dutta HS, Ahmad A, Vaishnav J, Kant R, Ampapathi RS, Koley D. Ru(II)‐Catalyzed Regioselective Hydroarylative Coupling of Indolines with Internal Alkynes by C−H Activation. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raziullah
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Afsar Ali Khan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | | | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
| | | | - Ruchir Kant
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Ravi Sankar Ampapathi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- SAIF CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Dipankar Koley
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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37
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Kong L, Han X, Chen H, Sun H, Lan Y, Li X. Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Regioselective Remote C–H Alkylation of Protic Indoles. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingheng Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Xi Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Haohua Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Huaming Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi’an 710062, China
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38
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Wen J, Shi Z. From C4 to C7: Innovative Strategies for Site-Selective Functionalization of Indole C-H Bonds. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1723-1736. [PMID: 33709705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The widespread presence of hydrocarbons makes C-H functionalization an attractive alternative to traditional cross-coupling methods. As indole is an important heteroarene in a plethora of natural products and pharmaceuticals, C-H functionalization of indole moieties has emerged as one of the most important topics in this field. Due to the presence of multiple C-H bonds in indoles, site selectivity is a long-standing challenge. Much effort has been devoted to the C-H functionalization of indoles at the C3 or C2 position, while accessing the benzene core (from C4 to C7) is considerably more challenging.This Account summarizes our recent efforts toward site-selective C-H functionalization of indoles at the benzene core based on innovative strategies. A common method to solve the issue involves the development of directing groups (DGs). Our early studies establish that the installation of the N-P(O)tBu2 group at the N position can produce C7 and C6 arylation products using palladium and copper catalysts, respectively. The developed system can also be extended to direct arylation of indoles at the C5 and C4 positions by installing a pivaloyl group at the C3 position. Further investigation of indoles bearing N-PtBu2 groups shows a more diverse reactivity for C-H functionalizations at the C7 position, including arylation, olefination, acylation, alkylation, silylation, and carbonylation with different coupling partners. Compared to the P(V) DG, the P(III) group can be easily attached to the indole substrates and detached from the products. However, these attractive reactions rely mostly on precious metal catalysts with ligands; this requirement can be a significant limitation, particularly for large-scale syntheses and the necessity of removal of toxic trace metals in pharmaceutical products. We have also uncovered a general strategy for chelation-assisted aromatic C-H borylation just using simple BBr3 under mild conditions, in which the installation of pivaloyl groups at the N1 or C3 position of indoles can selectively deliver the boron species to the unfavorable C7 or C4 positions and allow subsequent C-H borylation without any metal. This transition-metal-free strategy can be extended to synthesize C7 and C4 hydroxylated indoles by boron-mediated directed C-H hydroxylation under mild reaction conditions and with broad functional group compatibility.In this Account, we describe our contributions to this topic since 2015. These studies provide efficient and attractive methods for the divergent synthesis of valuable substituted indoles and insights into the exploration of new strategies for the site-selective C-H functionalization and directives for other important heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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39
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Sarathkumar S, Kavala V, Yao CF. A Water-Soluble Rhenium(I) Catalyst for the Regio- and Stereoselective C(sp 2)-H Alkenylation of N-Pyridyl-/ N-Pyrimidylindole and the N-H Alkenylation of N-Pyrimidylaniline Derivatives with Ynamides. Org Lett 2021; 23:1960-1965. [PMID: 33523663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble and low-valent rhenium(I) catalyst for the C2 alkenylation of N-pyridyl/N-pyrimidylindole derivatives with ynamides under mild conditions using water as the solvent has been described. The reaction of N-pyridyl/N-pyrimidyl indole with the ynamide afforded the C2-Z-selective alkenylation derivative as the sole product, and the reactions of N-pyrimidylanilines delivered the corresponding N-alkenylated product rather than the expected C-H alkenylation products in high yields under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaramoorthi Sarathkumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No-88, Sec.4, Ting- Zhou Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Veerababurao Kavala
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No-88, Sec.4, Ting- Zhou Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Ching-Fa Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No-88, Sec.4, Ting- Zhou Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R.O.C
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40
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Sathieshkumar PP, Anand Saibabu MD, Nagarajan R. A Cascade Approach for the Synthesis of 5-(Indol-3-yl)hydantoin: An Application to the Total Synthesis of (±)-Oxoaplysinopsin B. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3730-3740. [PMID: 33599509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A cascade approach to the synthesis of 5-(indol-3-yl)hydantoin framework has been developed by the reaction of indole with glyoxylic acid/pyruvic acid under a deep eutectic solution, (+)-tartaric acid-dimethylurea. N,N'-Dimethylurea from a deep eutectic solution functions as a reactant as well as a solvent mixture. Isolation of the intermediate, 5-hydroxyhydantoin, and its reaction with indole provides the mechanistic evidence for this reaction. This method was successfully applied in the first total synthesis of an alkaloid, (±)-oxoaplysinopsin B, with an overall yield of 48%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajagopal Nagarajan
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
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41
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Wang D, Li M, Chen X, Wang M, Liang Y, Zhao Y, Houk KN, Shi Z. Palladium-Catalyzed Silacyclization of (Hetero)Arenes with a Tetrasilane Reagent through Twofold C-H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7066-7071. [PMID: 33377224 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of an operationally convenient and stable silicon reagent (octamethyl-1,4-dioxacyclohexasilane, ODCS) for the selective silacyclization of (hetero)arenes via twofold C-H activation is reported. This method is compatible with N-containing heteroarenes such as indoles and carbazoles of varying complexity. The ODCS reagent can also be utilized for silacyclization of other types of substrates, including tertiary phosphines and aryl halides. A series of mechanistic experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to investigate the preferred pathway for this twofold C-H activation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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42
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Wang D, Li M, Chen X, Wang M, Liang Y, Zhao Y, Houk KN, Shi Z. Palladium‐Catalyzed Silacyclization of (Hetero)Arenes with a Tetrasilane Reagent through Twofold C−H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dingyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Mingjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
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43
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Sheng Y, Zhou J, Gao Y, Duan B, Wang Y, Samorodov A, Liang G, Zhao Q, Song Z. Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Direct C7-Selective Amidation of Indoles with Dioxazolones at Room Temperature. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2827-2839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoguang Sheng
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jianmin Zhou
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Bingbing Duan
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | | | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qiuhua Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zengqiang Song
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
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44
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Xie G, Zhao Y, Cai C, Deng GJ, Gong H. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct and Specific C-7 Acylation of Indolines with 1,2-Diketones. Org Lett 2021; 23:410-415. [PMID: 33400544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The indole scaffold is a ubiquitous and useful substructure, and extensive investigations have been conducted to construct the indole framework and/or realize indole modification. Nevertheless, the direct selective functionalization on the benzenoid core must overcome the high activity of the C-3 position and still remains highly challenging. Herein, a palladium-catalyzed direct and specific C-7 acylation of indolines in the presence of an easily removed directing group was developed. This strategy usually is considered as a practical strategy for the preparation of acylated indoles because indoline can be easily converted to indole under oxidation conditions. In particular, our strategy greatly improved the alkacylation yield of indolines for which only an unsatisfactory yield could be achieved in the previous studies. Furthermore, the reaction can be scaled up to gram level in the standard reaction conditions with a much lower palladium loading (1 mol %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Xie
- Foshan Green Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute of Xiangtan University; The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province; The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- Foshan Green Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute of Xiangtan University; The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province; The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Changqun Cai
- Foshan Green Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute of Xiangtan University; The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province; The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Foshan Green Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute of Xiangtan University; The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province; The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Hang Gong
- Foshan Green Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute of Xiangtan University; The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province; The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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45
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Wu J, Qian B, Lu L, Yang H, Shang Y, Zhang J. Access to the C2 C–H olefination, alkylation and deuteration of indoles by rhodium( iii) catalysis: an opportunity for diverse syntheses. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00133g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A concise approach for a diversity-oriented synthesis via regioselective C2 C–H olefination, alkylation, and deuteration of indoles by Rh(iii) catalysis is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu 241002
| | - Baiyang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu 241002
| | - Lili Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu 241002
| | - Haitao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu 241002
| | - Yongjia Shang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu 241002
| | - Jitan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu 241002
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46
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Aynetdinova D, Callens MC, Hicks HB, Poh CYX, Shennan BDA, Boyd AM, Lim ZH, Leitch JA, Dixon DJ. Installing the “magic methyl” – C–H methylation in synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5517-5563. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00973c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Following notable cases of remarkable potency increases in methylated analogues of lead compounds, this review documents the state-of-the-art in C–H methylation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniya Aynetdinova
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Mia C. Callens
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Harry B. Hicks
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Charmaine Y. X. Poh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | | | - Alistair M. Boyd
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Zhong Hui Lim
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Jamie A. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
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47
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Wang ZY, Guo RL, Zhang XL, Wang MY, Chen GN, Wang YQ. Regioselective C5-H direct iodination of indoles. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An efficient regioselective C5-H direct iodination of indoles is reported herein for the first time, which offers a general and practical access to the difficult C5 functionalization of indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- School of Foreign Languages
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
| | - Rui-Li Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- School of Foreign Languages
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
| | - Xing-Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- School of Foreign Languages
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
| | - Meng-Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- School of Foreign Languages
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
| | - Gang-Ni Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- School of Foreign Languages
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- School of Foreign Languages
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
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48
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Tang J, Tang Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Huang X, Xu S, Li Y. Regioselective cascade annulation of indoles with alkynediones for construction of functionalized tetrahydrocarbazoles triggered by Cp*Rh III-catalyzed C–H activation. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00616a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An efficient regioselective and stereoselective cascade annulation of indoles with alkynediones has been developed for construction of free (NH) tetrahydrocarbazoles with continuous quaternary carbons via Cp*RhIII-catalyzed indole C2–H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Yuhai Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Yongzhuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Silong Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
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Dong B, Qian J, Li M, Wang ZJ, Wang M, Wang D, Yuan C, Han Y, Zhao Y, Shi Z. External oxidant-compatible phosphorus(III)-directed site-selective C-H carbonylation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/51/eabd1378. [PMID: 33328235 PMCID: PMC7744084 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The first development of an external oxidant-compatible system involving a phosphorus(III)-directed C-H functionalization has been uncovered. An efficient C-H esterification of indoles with CO and alcohols has been reported in which the high reactivity and the exclusive C7-selectivity derives from the selection of a P(III)-directing group and the utilization of benzoquinone as an external oxidant with palladium catalysis. This strategy shows many advantages, involving an easily accessible and removable directing group, the use of cheap carbonylation sources, a broad substrate scope, and excellent positional selectivity. Two cyclopalladated intermediates were confirmed by x-ray analysis, uncovering key mechanistic features of this P(III)-directed C-H metalation event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China)
| | - Jiasheng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002 (China)
| | - Mingjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China)
| | - Zheng-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China)
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China)
| | - Dingyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China)
| | - Chengkai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China)
| | - Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China)
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China)
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China).
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50
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Wang W, Wu J, Kuniyil R, Kopp A, Lima RN, Ackermann L. Peptide Late-Stage Diversifications by Rhodium-Catalyzed Tryptophan C7 Amidation. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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