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Huang SY, Lin X, Yang HY, Dou XR, Shi WJ, Deng JH, Zhong DC, Gong YN, Lu TB. Covalent Bonding of Salen Metal Complexes with Pyrene Chromophores to Porous Polymers for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:13594-13601. [PMID: 38973091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The development of low-cost and efficient photocatalysts to achieve water splitting to hydrogen (H2) is highly desirable but remains challenging. Herein, we design and synthesize two porous polymers (Co-Salen-P and Fe-Salen-P) by covalent bonding of salen metal complexes and pyrene chromophores for photocatalytic H2 evolution. The catalytic results demonstrate that the two polymers exhibit excellent catalytic performance for H2 generation in the absence of additional noble-metal photosensitizers and cocatalysts. Particularly, the H2 generation rate of Co-Salen-P reaches as high as 542.5 μmol g-1 h-1, which is not only 6 times higher than that of Fe-Salen-P but also higher than a large amount of reported Pt-assisted photocatalytic systems. Systematic studies show that Co-Salen-P displays faster charge separation and transfer efficiencies, thereby accounting for the significantly improved photocatalytic activity. This study provides a facile and efficient way to fabricate high-performance photocatalysts for H2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ying Huang
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hao-Yu Yang
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xue-Rong Dou
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Wen-Jie Shi
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Ji-Hua Deng
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Di-Chang Zhong
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yun-Nan Gong
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Tong-Bu Lu
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
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Abstract
A survey of protein databases indicates that the majority of enzymes exist in oligomeric forms, with about half of those found in the UniProt database being homodimeric. Understanding why many enzymes are in their dimeric form is imperative. Recent developments in experimental and computational techniques have allowed for a deeper comprehension of the cooperative interactions between the subunits of dimeric enzymes. This review aims to succinctly summarize these recent advancements by providing an overview of experimental and theoretical methods, as well as an understanding of cooperativity in substrate binding and the molecular mechanisms of cooperative catalysis within homodimeric enzymes. Focus is set upon the beneficial effects of dimerization and cooperative catalysis. These advancements not only provide essential case studies and theoretical support for comprehending dimeric enzyme catalysis but also serve as a foundation for designing highly efficient catalysts, such as dimeric organic catalysts. Moreover, these developments have significant implications for drug design, as exemplified by Paxlovid, which was designed for the homodimeric main protease of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Wei Chen
- Lab of Computional Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tian-Yu Sun
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Lab of Computional Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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Meng SL, Ye C, Li XB, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Photochemistry Journey to Multielectron and Multiproton Chemical Transformation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16219-16231. [PMID: 36054091 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The odyssey of photochemistry is accompanied by the journey to manipulate "electrons" and "protons" in time, in space, and in energy. Over the past decades, single-electron (1e-) photochemical transformations have brought marvelous achievements. However, as each photon absorption typically generates only one exciton pair, it is exponentially challenging to accomplish multielectron and proton photochemical transformations. The multistep differences in thermodynamics and kinetics urgently require us to optimize light harvesting, expedite consecutive electron transfer, manipulate the interaction of catalysts with substrates, and coordinate proton transfer kinetics to furnish selective bond formations. Tandem catalysis enables orchestrating different photochemical events and catalytic transformations from subpicoseconds to seconds, which facilitates multielectron redox chemistries and brings consecutive, value-added reactivities. Joint efforts in molecular and material design, mechanistic understanding, and theoretical modeling will bring multielectron and proton synthetic opportunities for fuels, fertilizers, and chemicals with enhanced versatility, efficiency, selectivity, and scalability, thus taking better advantage of photons (i.e., sunlight) for our sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Liu J, Liao RZ, Heinemann FW, Meyer K, Thummel RP, Zhang Y, Tong L. Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by Cobalt Complexes with a Redox Non-Innocent Polypyridine Ligand. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17976-17985. [PMID: 34808047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Novel cobalt and zinc complexes with the tetradentate ppq (8-(1″,10″-phenanthrol-2″-yl)-2-(pyrid-2'-yl)quinoline) ligand have been synthesized and fully characterized. Electrochemical measurements have shown that the formal monovalent complex [Co(ppq)(PPh3)]+ (2) undergoes two stepwise ligand-based electroreductions in DMF, affording a [Co(ppq)DMF]-1 species. Theoretical calculations have described the electronic structure of [Co(ppq)DMF]-1 as a low-spin Co(II) center coupling with a triple-reduced ppq radical ligand. In the presence of triethylammonium as the proton donor, the cobalt complex efficiently drives electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution with a maximum turnover frequency of thousands per second. A mechanistic investigation proposes an EECC H2-evolving pathway, where the second ligand-based redox process (E), generating the [Co(ppq)DMF]-1 intermediate, initiates proton reduction, and the second proton transfer process (C) is the rate-determining step. This work provides a unique example for understanding the role of redox-active ligands in electrocatalytic H2 evolution by transition metal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, No. 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Frank W Heinemann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Randolph P Thummel
- Department of Chemistry, 112 Fleming Building, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lianpeng Tong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, No. 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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Yang X, DeLaney CR, Burns KT, Elrod LC, Mo W, Naumann H, Bhuvanesh N, Hall MB, Darensbourg MY. Self-Assembled Nickel-4 Supramolecular Squares and Assays for HER Electrocatalysts Derived Therefrom. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:7051-7061. [PMID: 33891813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state structures find a self-assembled tetrameric nickel cage with carboxylate linkages, [Ni(N2S'O)I(CH3CN)]4 ([Ni-I]40), resulting from sulfur acetylation by sodium iodoacetate of an [NiN2S]22+ dimer in acetonitrile. Various synthetic routes to the tetramer, best described from XRD as a molecular square, were discovered to generate the hexacoordinate nickel units ligated by N2Sthioether, iodide, and two carboxylate oxygens, one of which is the bridge from the adjacent nickel unit in [Ni-I]40. Removal of the four iodides by silver ion precipitation yields an analogous species but with an additional vacant coordination site, [Ni-Solv]+, a cation but with coordinated solvent molecules. This also recrystallizes as the tetramer [Ni-Solv]44+. In solution, dissociation into the (presumed) monomer occurs, with coordinating solvents occupying the vacant site [Ni(N2S'O)I(solv)]0, ([Ni-I]0). Hydrodynamic radii determined from 1H DOSY NMR data suggest that monomeric units are present as well in CD2Cl2. Evans method magnetism values are consistent with triplet spin states in polar solvents; however, in CD2Cl2 solutions no paramagnetism is evident. The abilities of [Ni-I]40 and [Ni-Solv]44+ to serve as sources of electrocatalysts, or precatalysts, for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) were explored. Cyclic voltammetry responses and bulk coulometry with gas chromatographic analysis demonstrated that a stronger acid, trifluoroacetic acid, as a proton source resulted in H2 production from both electroprecatalysts; however, electrocatalysis developed primarily from uncharacterized deposits on the electrode. With acetic acid as a proton source, the major contribution to the HER is from homogeneous electrocatalysis. Overpotentials of 490 mV were obtained for both the solution-phase [Ni-I]0 and [Ni-Solv]+. While the electrocatalyst derived from [Ni-Solv]+ has a substantially higher TOF (102 s-1) than [Ni-I]0 (19 s-1), it has a shorter catalytically active lifespan (4 h) in comparison to [Ni-I]0 (>18 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Yang
- Texas A&M University, Department of Chemistry, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Christopher R DeLaney
- Texas A&M University, Department of Chemistry, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Kyle T Burns
- Texas A&M University, Department of Chemistry, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Lindy C Elrod
- Texas A&M University, Department of Chemistry, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Wenting Mo
- Texas A&M University, Department of Chemistry, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Haley Naumann
- Texas A&M University, Department of Chemistry, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Texas A&M University, Department of Chemistry, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Michael B Hall
- Texas A&M University, Department of Chemistry, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Marcetta Y Darensbourg
- Texas A&M University, Department of Chemistry, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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