1
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Hadzima M, Faucher FF, Blažková K, Yim JJ, Guerra M, Chen S, Woods EC, Park KW, Šácha P, Šubr V, Kostka L, Etrych T, Majer P, Konvalinka J, Bogyo M. Polymer-Tethered Quenched Fluorescent Probes for Enhanced Imaging of Tumor-Associated Proteases. ACS Sens 2024; 9:3720-3729. [PMID: 38941307 PMCID: PMC11287742 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence-based contrast agents enable real-time detection of solid tumors and their neovasculature, making them ideal for use in image-guided surgery. Several agents have entered late-stage clinical trials or secured FDA approval, suggesting they are likely to become the standard of care in cancer surgeries. One of the key parameters to optimize in contrast agents is molecular size, which dictates much of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the agent. Here, we describe the development of a class of protease-activated quenched fluorescent probes in which a N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer is used as the primary scaffold. This copolymer core provides a high degree of probe modularity to generate structures that cannot be achieved with small molecules and peptide probes. We used a previously validated cathepsin substrate and evaluated the effects of length and type of linker, as well as the positioning of the fluorophore/quencher pair on the polymer core. We found that the polymeric probes could be optimized to achieve increased overall signal and tumor-to-background ratios compared to the reference small molecule probe. Our results also revealed multiple structure-activity relationship trends that can be used to design and optimize future optical imaging probes. Furthermore, they confirm that a hydrophilic polymer is an ideal scaffold for use in optical imaging contrast probes, allowing a highly modular design that enables efficient optimization to maximize probe accumulation and overall biodistribution properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hadzima
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, Praha 6 16610, Czech Republic
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Praha 2 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Franco F. Faucher
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kristýna Blažková
- Department
of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Joshua J. Yim
- Department
of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Matteo Guerra
- Department
of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Department
of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Emily C. Woods
- Department
of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ki Wan Park
- Department
of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Pavel Šácha
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, Praha 6 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Šubr
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, Heyrovského
n. 2, Praha 6 16206, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kostka
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, Heyrovského
n. 2, Praha 6 16206, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, Heyrovského
n. 2, Praha 6 16206, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Majer
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, Praha 6 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Konvalinka
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, Praha 6 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department
of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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2
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Hadzima M, Faucher F, Blažková K, Yim JJ, Guerra M, Chen S, Woods EC, Park KW, Šácha P, Šubr V, Kostka L, Etrych T, Majer P, Konvalinka J, Bogyo M. Polymer-tethered quenched fluorescent probes for enhanced imaging of tumor associated proteases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.06.592849. [PMID: 38766164 PMCID: PMC11100723 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.06.592849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence-based contrast agents enable real-time detection of solid tumors and their neovasculature, making them ideal for use in image-guided surgery. Several agents have entered late-stage clinical trials or secured FDA approval, suggesting they are likely to become standard of care in cancer surgeries. One of the key parameters to optimize in contrast agent is molecular size, which dictates much of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the agent. Here, we describe the development of a class of protease-activated quenched fluorescent probes in which a N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer is used as the primary scaffold. This copolymer core provides a high degree of probe modularity to generate structures that cannot be achieved with small molecules and peptide probes. We used a previously validated cathepsin substrate and evaluated the effects of length and type of linker as well as positioning of the fluorophore/quencher pair on the polymer core. We found that the polymeric probes could be optimized to achieve increased over-all signal and tumor-to-background ratios compared to the reference small molecule probe. Our results also revealed multiple structure-activity relationship trends that can be used to design and optimize future optical imaging probes. Furthermore, they confirm that a hydrophilic polymer is an ideal scaffold for use in optical imaging contrast probes, allowing a highly modular design that enables efficient optimization to maximize probe accumulation and overall biodistribution properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hadzima
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Praha 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12800, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Franco Faucher
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Kristýna Blažková
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Joshua J. Yim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Matteo Guerra
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Emily C. Woods
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Ki Wan Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Pavel Šácha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Šubr
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského n. 2, 16206, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kostka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského n. 2, 16206, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského n. 2, 16206, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Majer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Konvalinka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
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3
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Fujita K, Urano Y. Activity-Based Fluorescence Diagnostics for Cancer. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4021-4078. [PMID: 38518254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging is one of the most promising approaches to achieve intraoperative assessment of the tumor/normal tissue margins during cancer surgery. This is critical to improve the patients' prognosis, and therefore various molecular fluorescence imaging probes have been developed for the identification of cancer lesions during surgery. Among them, "activatable" fluorescence probes that react with cancer-specific biomarker enzymes to generate fluorescence signals have great potential for high-contrast cancer imaging due to their low background fluorescence and high signal amplification by enzymatic turnover. Over the past two decades, activatable fluorescence probes employing various fluorescence control mechanisms have been developed worldwide for this purpose. Furthermore, new biomarker enzymatic activities for specific types of cancers have been identified, enabling visualization of various types of cancers with high sensitivity and specificity. This Review focuses on recent advances in the design, function and characteristics of activatable fluorescence probes that target cancer-specific enzymatic activities for cancer imaging and also discusses future prospects in the field of activity-based diagnostics for cancer.
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4
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Kazim M, Yoo E. Recent Advances in the Development of Non-Invasive Imaging Probes for Cancer Immunotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202310694. [PMID: 37843426 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed a major revolution in the field of tumor immunology including clinical progress using various immunotherapy strategies. These advances have highlighted the potential for approaches that harness the power of the immune system to fight against cancer. While cancer immunotherapies have shown significant clinical successes, patient responses vary widely due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of tumors and immune responses, calling for reliable biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to maximize the benefits of immunotherapy. Especially, stratifying responding individuals from non-responders during the early stages of treatment could help avoid long-term damage and tailor personalized treatments. In efforts to develop non-invasive means for accurately evaluating and predicting tumor response to immunotherapy, multiple affinity-based agents targeting immune cell markers and checkpoint molecules have been developed and advanced to clinical trials. In addition, researchers have recently turned their attention to substrate and activity-based imaging probes that can provide real-time, functional assessment of immune response to treatment. Here, we highlight some of those recently designed probes that image functional proteases as biomarkers of cancer immunotherapy with a focus on their chemical design and detection modalities and discuss challenges and opportunities for the development of imaging tools utilized in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kazim
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Euna Yoo
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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5
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Goettig P, Koch NG, Budisa N. Non-Canonical Amino Acids in Analyses of Protease Structure and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14035. [PMID: 37762340 PMCID: PMC10531186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
All known organisms encode 20 canonical amino acids by base triplets in the genetic code. The cellular translational machinery produces proteins consisting mainly of these amino acids. Several hundred natural amino acids serve important functions in metabolism, as scaffold molecules, and in signal transduction. New side chains are generated mainly by post-translational modifications, while others have altered backbones, such as the β- or γ-amino acids, or they undergo stereochemical inversion, e.g., in the case of D-amino acids. In addition, the number of non-canonical amino acids has further increased by chemical syntheses. Since many of these non-canonical amino acids confer resistance to proteolytic degradation, they are potential protease inhibitors and tools for specificity profiling studies in substrate optimization and enzyme inhibition. Other applications include in vitro and in vivo studies of enzyme kinetics, molecular interactions and bioimaging, to name a few. Amino acids with bio-orthogonal labels are particularly attractive, enabling various cross-link and click reactions for structure-functional studies. Here, we cover the latest developments in protease research with non-canonical amino acids, which opens up a great potential, e.g., for novel prodrugs activated by proteases or for other pharmaceutical compounds, some of which have already reached the clinical trial stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Goettig
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nikolaj G. Koch
- Biocatalysis Group, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
- Bioanalytics Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Bioanalytics Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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6
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Lee I, Tantisirivat P, Edgington-Mitchell LE. Chemical Tools to Image the Activity of PAR-Cleaving Proteases. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2023; 3:295-304. [PMID: 37599791 PMCID: PMC10436261 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.3c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Protease-activated receptors (PARs) comprise a family of four G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that have broad functions in health and disease. Unlike most GPCRs, PARs are uniquely activated by proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular N termini. To fully understand PAR activation and function in vivo, it is critical to also study the proteases that activate them. As proteases are heavily regulated at the post-translational level, measures of total protease abundance have limited utility. Measures of protease activity are instead required to inform their function. This review will introduce several classes of chemical probes that have been developed to measure the activation of PAR-cleaving proteases. Their strengths, weaknesses, and applications will be discussed, especially as applied to image protease activity at the whole organism, tissue, and cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene
Y. Lee
- Department
of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology
Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Piyapa Tantisirivat
- Department
of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology
Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Laura E. Edgington-Mitchell
- Department
of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology
Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
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7
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Tanaka K, Tanigawa N, Song I, Komatsu T, Kuriki Y, Tanaka Y, Fukudo S, Urano Y, Fukuda S. A protease activity-based machine-learning approach as a complementary tool for conventional diagnosis of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1179534. [PMID: 37485510 PMCID: PMC10361618 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1179534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has no clinically accepted biomarkers even though it affects a large number of individuals worldwide. To address this lack of understanding, we evaluated peptidase activity in fecal samples from 35 patients with diarrheal IBS without symptom exacerbation (IBS-n) and 35 healthy subjects using a library of 384 fluorescent enzymatic substrate probes. IBS-n patients had high trypsin-like peptidase activity for cleavage of C-terminal lysine and arginine residues and low elastase-like activity for cleavage of C-terminal serine and glycine residues. These fluorescent probe library data, together with diagnostic machine-learning techniques, were able to accurately predict IBS-n. This approach can be used to diagnose diseases where no clinically accepted biomarkers exist, in which fecal enzyme activity is altered and also suggests that the development of new therapies targeting enzyme activities is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Tanaka
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Gut Environmental Design Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanigawa
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Isaiah Song
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Toru Komatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yugo Kuriki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shin Fukudo
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Gut Environmental Design Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory for Regenerative Microbiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Faucher F, Liu KJ, Cosco ED, Widen JC, Sorger J, Guerra M, Bogyo M. Protease Activated Probes for Real-Time Ratiometric Imaging of Solid Tumors. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1059-1069. [PMID: 37252358 PMCID: PMC10214504 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Surgery is the preferred treatment option for most solid tumors. However, inaccurate detection of cancer borders leads to either incomplete removal of malignant cells or excess excision of healthy tissue. While fluorescent contrast agents and imaging systems improve tumor visualization, they can suffer from low signal-to-background and are prone to technical artifacts. Ratiometric imaging has the potential to eliminate many of these issues such as uneven probe distribution, tissue autofluorescence, and changes in positioning of the light source. Here, we describe a strategy to convert quenched fluorescent probes into ratiometric contrast agents. Conversion of the cathepsin-activated probe, 6QC-Cy5, into a two-fluorophore probe, 6QC-RATIO, significantly improved signal-to-background in vitro and in a mouse subcutaneous breast tumor model. Tumor detection sensitivity was further enhanced using a dual-substrate AND-gate ratiometric probe, Death-Cat-RATIO, that fluoresces only after orthogonal processing by multiple tumor-specific proteases. We also designed and built a modular camera system that was coupled to the FDA-approved da Vinci Xi robot, to enable real-time imaging of ratiometric signals at video frame rates compatible with surgical workflows. Our results demonstrate that ratiometric camera systems and imaging probes have the potential to be clinically implemented to improve surgical resection of many types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco
F. Faucher
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kevin J. Liu
- Program
in Cancer Biology, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305 United States
| | - Emily D. Cosco
- Department
of Pathology, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - John C. Widen
- Department
of Pathology, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jonathan Sorger
- Intuitive
Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, California 94086, United States
| | - Matteo Guerra
- Department
of Pathology, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department
of Pathology, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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9
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de Almeida LGN, Thode H, Eslambolchi Y, Chopra S, Young D, Gill S, Devel L, Dufour A. Matrix Metalloproteinases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:712-768. [PMID: 35738680 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The first matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) was discovered in 1962 from the tail of a tadpole by its ability to degrade collagen. As their name suggests, matrix metalloproteinases are proteases capable of remodeling the extracellular matrix. More recently, MMPs have been demonstrated to play numerous additional biologic roles in cell signaling, immune regulation, and transcriptional control, all of which are unrelated to the degradation of the extracellular matrix. In this review, we will present milestones and major discoveries of MMP research, including various clinical trials for the use of MMP inhibitors. We will discuss the reasons behind the failures of most MMP inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. There are still misconceptions about the pathophysiological roles of MMPs and the best strategies to inhibit their detrimental functions. This review aims to discuss MMPs in preclinical models and human pathologies. We will discuss new biochemical tools to track their proteolytic activity in vivo and ex vivo, in addition to future pharmacological alternatives to inhibit their detrimental functions in diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in most inflammatory, autoimmune, cancers, and pathogen-mediated diseases. Initially overlooked, MMP contributions can be both beneficial and detrimental in disease progression and resolution. Thousands of MMP substrates have been suggested, and a few hundred have been validated. After more than 60 years of MMP research, there remain intriguing enigmas to solve regarding their biological functions in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz G N de Almeida
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Hayley Thode
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Yekta Eslambolchi
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Sameeksha Chopra
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Daniel Young
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Sean Gill
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Laurent Devel
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
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10
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Kuriki Y, Yoshioka T, Kamiya M, Komatsu T, Takamaru H, Fujita K, Iwaki H, Nanjo A, Akagi Y, Takeshita K, Hino H, Hino R, Kojima R, Ueno T, Hanaoka K, Abe S, Saito Y, Nakajima J, Urano Y. Development of a fluorescent probe library enabling efficient screening of tumour-imaging probes based on discovery of biomarker enzymatic activities. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4474-4481. [PMID: 35656140 PMCID: PMC9019911 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06889j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent probes that can selectively detect tumour lesions have great potential for fluorescence imaging-guided surgery. Here, we established a library-based approach for efficient screening of probes for tumour-selective imaging based on discovery of biomarker enzymes. We constructed a combinatorial fluorescent probe library for aminopeptidases and proteases, which is composed of 380 probes with various substrate moieties. Using this probe library, we performed lysate-based in vitro screening and/or direct imaging-based ex vivo screening of freshly resected clinical specimens from lung or gastric cancer patients, and found promising probes for tumour-selective visualization. Further, we identified two target enzymes as novel biomarker enzymes for discriminating between tumour and non-tumour tissues. This library-based approach is expected to be an efficient tool to develop tumour-imaging probes and to discover new biomarker enzyme activities for various tumours and other diseases. Efficient methodology to develop tumor-imaging fluorescent probes based on screening with our newly constructed probe library for aminopeptidase/protease (380 probes) and clinical samples has been established.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Kuriki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Takafusa Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Toru Komatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takamaru
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital 5-1-1, Tsukiji Chuo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Kyohhei Fujita
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Hirohisa Iwaki
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Aika Nanjo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuki Akagi
- Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Naka-cho Koganei-shi Tokyo Japan
| | - Kohei Takeshita
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Haruaki Hino
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Rumi Hino
- Daito Bunka University, Department of Sports and Health Science 560, Iwadono Higashimatsuyama Saitama Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kojima
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan .,PRESTO, Science and Technology Agency (JST) 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi-shi Saitama Japan
| | - Tasuku Ueno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenjiro Hanaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Seiichiro Abe
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital 5-1-1, Tsukiji Chuo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Yutaka Saito
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital 5-1-1, Tsukiji Chuo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Jun Nakajima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan .,CREST, Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) 1-7-1 Otemachi Chiyoda-ku Tokyo Japan
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11
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Yachnin BJ, Azouz LR, White RE, Minetti CASA, Remeta DP, Tan VM, Drake JM, Khare SD. Massively parallel, computationally guided design of a proenzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116097119. [PMID: 35377786 PMCID: PMC9169645 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116097119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Confining the activity of a designed protein to a specific microenvironment would have broad-ranging applications, such as enabling cell type-specific therapeutic action by enzymes while avoiding off-target effects. While many natural enzymes are synthesized as inactive zymogens that can be activated by proteolysis, it has been challenging to redesign any chosen enzyme to be similarly stimulus responsive. Here, we develop a massively parallel computational design, screening, and next-generation sequencing-based approach for proenzyme design. For a model system, we employ carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2), a clinically approved enzyme that has applications in both the treatment of cancer and controlling drug toxicity. Detailed kinetic characterization of the most effectively designed variants shows that they are inhibited by ∼80% compared to the unmodified protein, and their activity is fully restored following incubation with site-specific proteases. Introducing disulfide bonds between the pro- and catalytic domains based on the design models increases the degree of inhibition to 98% but decreases the degree of restoration of activity by proteolysis. A selected disulfide-containing proenzyme exhibits significantly lower activity relative to the fully activated enzyme when evaluated in cell culture. Structural and thermodynamic characterization provides detailed insights into the prodomain binding and inhibition mechanisms. The described methodology is general and could enable the design of a variety of proproteins with precise spatial regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahm J. Yachnin
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Laura R. Azouz
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Ralph E. White
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Conceição A. S. A. Minetti
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - David P. Remeta
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Victor M. Tan
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Justin M. Drake
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Sagar D. Khare
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
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12
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Ito R, Kamiya M, Urano Y. Molecular probes for fluorescence image-guided cancer surgery. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 67:102112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Rodriguez-Rios M, Megia-Fernandez A, Norman DJ, Bradley M. Peptide probes for proteases - innovations and applications for monitoring proteolytic activity. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2081-2120. [PMID: 35188510 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00798j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are excellent biomarkers for a variety of diseases, offer multiple opportunities for diagnostic applications and are valuable targets for therapy. From a chemistry-based perspective this review discusses and critiques the most recent advances in the field of substrate-based probes for the detection and analysis of proteolytic activity both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rodriguez-Rios
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Alicia Megia-Fernandez
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Daniel J Norman
- Technical University of Munich, Trogerstrasse, 30, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Mark Bradley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ Edinburgh, UK.
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14
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Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins are proteases critical in physiopathological processes and show potential as targets or biomarkers for diseases and medical conditions. The 11 members of the cathepsin family are redundant in some cases but remarkably independent of others, demanding the development of both pan-cathepsin targeting tools as well as probes that are selective for specific cathepsins with little off-target activity. This review addresses the diverse design strategies that have been employed to accomplish this tailored selectivity among cysteine cathepsin targets and the imaging modalities incorporated. The power of these diverse tools is contextualized by briefly highlighting the nature of a few prominent cysteine cathepsins, their involvement in select diseases, and the application of cathepsin imaging probes in research spanning basic biochemical studies to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelton A Schleyer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Dr, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Lina Cui
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Dr, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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15
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Fan Z, Zhao J, Chai X, Li L. A Cooperatively Activatable, DNA‐based Fluorescent Reporter for Imaging of Correlated Enzymatic Activities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14887-14891. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zetan Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xin Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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16
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Fan Z, Zhao J, Chai X, Li L. A Cooperatively Activatable, DNA‐based Fluorescent Reporter for Imaging of Correlated Enzymatic Activities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zetan Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xin Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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17
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Fang H, Peng B, Ong SY, Wu Q, Li L, Yao SQ. Recent advances in activity-based probes (ABPs) and affinity-based probes (A fBPs) for profiling of enzymes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8288-8310. [PMID: 34221311 PMCID: PMC8221178 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01359a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is a technique that uses highly selective active-site targeted chemical probes to label and monitor the state of proteins. ABPP integrates the strengths of both chemical and biological disciplines. By utilizing chemically synthesized or modified bioactive molecules, ABPP is able to reveal complex physiological and pathological enzyme-substrate interactions at molecular and cellular levels. It is also able to provide critical information of the catalytic activity changes of enzymes, annotate new functions of enzymes, discover new substrates of enzymes, and allow real-time monitoring of the cellular location of enzymes. Based on the mechanism of probe-enzyme interaction, two types of probes that have been used in ABPP are activity-based probes (ABPs) and affinity-based probes (AfBPs). This review highlights the recent advances in the use of ABPs and AfBPs, and summarizes their design strategies (based on inhibitors and substrates) and detection approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
| | - Sing Yee Ong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 4 Science Drive 2 117544 Singapore
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 4 Science Drive 2 117544 Singapore
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18
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Salcedo EC, Winter MB, Khuri N, Knudsen GM, Sali A, Craik CS. Global Protease Activity Profiling Identifies HER2-Driven Proteolysis in Breast Cancer. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:712-723. [PMID: 33765766 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Differential expression of extracellular proteases and endogenous protease inhibitors has been associated with distinct molecular subtypes of breast cancer. However, due to the tight post-translational regulation of protease activity, protease expression-level data alone are not sufficient to understand the role of proteases in malignant transformation. Therefore, we hypothesized that global profiles of extracellular protease activity could more completely reflect differences observed at the transcriptional level in breast cancer and that subtype-associated protease activity may be leveraged to identify specific proteases that play a functional role in cancer signaling. Here, we used a global peptide library-based approach to profile the activities of proteases within distinct breast cancer subtypes. Analysis of 3651 total peptide cleavages from a panel of well-characterized breast cancer cell lines demonstrated differences in proteolytic signatures between cell lines. Cell line clustering based on protease cleavages within the peptide library expanded upon the expected classification derived from transcriptional profiling. An isogenic cell line model developed to further interrogate proteolysis in the HER2 subtype revealed a proteolytic signature consistent with activation of TGF-β signaling. Specifically, we determined that a metalloprotease involved in TGF-β signaling, BMP1, was upregulated at both the protein (2-fold, P = 0.001) and activity (P = 0.0599) levels. Inhibition of BMP1 and HER2 suppressed invasion of HER2-expressing cells by 35% (P < 0.0001), compared to 15% (P = 0.0086) observed in cells where only HER2 was inhibited. In summary, through global identification of extracellular proteolysis in breast cancer cell lines, we demonstrate subtype-specific differences in protease activity and elucidate proteolysis associated with HER2-mediated signaling.
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19
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Schleyer KA, Fetrow B, Zannes Fatland P, Liu J, Chaaban M, Ma B, Cui L. Dual-Mechanism Quenched Fluorogenic Probe Provides Selective and Rapid Detection of Cathepsin L Activity*. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1082-1087. [PMID: 33295147 PMCID: PMC8202353 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin L (CTL) is a cysteine protease demonstrating upregulated activity in many disease states. Overlapping substrate specificity makes selective detection of CTL activity difficult to parse from that of its close homologue CTV and the ubiquitous CTB. Current probes of CTL activity have limited applications due to either poor contrast or extra assay steps required to achieve selectivity. We have developed a fluorogenic probe, CTLAP, that displays good selectivity for CTL over CTB and CTV while exhibiting low background fluorescence attributed to dual quenching mechanisms. CTLAP achieves optimum CTL selectivity in the first 10 min of incubation, thus suggesting that it is amenable for rapid detection of CTL, even in the presence of competing cathepsins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelton A Schleyer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, 1345 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, 300 Terrace St. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ben Fetrow
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, 300 Terrace St. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Peter Zannes Fatland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, 300 Terrace St. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, 1345 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, 300 Terrace St. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Maya Chaaban
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way 118 DLC, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Biwu Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way 118 DLC, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Lina Cui
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, 1345 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, 300 Terrace St. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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20
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Lv M, Jan Cornel E, Fan Z, Du J. Advances and Perspectives of Peptide and Polypeptide‐Based Materials for Biomedical Imaging. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mingchen Lv
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Erik Jan Cornel
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China
- Department of Orthopedics Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072 China
- Institute for Advanced Study Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China
- Department of Orthopedics Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072 China
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21
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Vizovisek M, Ristanovic D, Menghini S, Christiansen MG, Schuerle S. The Tumor Proteolytic Landscape: A Challenging Frontier in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052514. [PMID: 33802262 PMCID: PMC7958950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, dysregulation of proteases and atypical proteolysis have become increasingly recognized as important hallmarks of cancer, driving community-wide efforts to explore the proteolytic landscape of oncologic disease. With more than 100 proteases currently associated with different aspects of cancer development and progression, there is a clear impetus to harness their potential in the context of oncology. Advances in the protease field have yielded technologies enabling sensitive protease detection in various settings, paving the way towards diagnostic profiling of disease-related protease activity patterns. Methods including activity-based probes and substrates, antibodies, and various nanosystems that generate reporter signals, i.e., for PET or MRI, after interaction with the target protease have shown potential for clinical translation. Nevertheless, these technologies are costly, not easily multiplexed, and require advanced imaging technologies. While the current clinical applications of protease-responsive technologies in oncologic settings are still limited, emerging technologies and protease sensors are poised to enable comprehensive exploration of the tumor proteolytic landscape as a diagnostic and therapeutic frontier. This review aims to give an overview of the most relevant classes of proteases as indicators for tumor diagnosis, current approaches to detect and monitor their activity in vivo, and associated therapeutic applications.
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22
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Fujita K, Kamiya M, Yoshioka T, Ogasawara A, Hino R, Kojima R, Ueo H, Urano Y. Rapid and Accurate Visualization of Breast Tumors with a Fluorescent Probe Targeting α-Mannosidase 2C1. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:2217-2227. [PMID: 33376783 PMCID: PMC7760471 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Accurate detection of breast tumors and discrimination of tumor from normal tissues during breast-conserving surgery are essential to reduce the risk of misdiagnosis or recurrence. However, existing probes show substantial background signals in normal breast tissues. In this study, we focus on glycosidase activities in breast tumors. We synthesized a series of 12 fluorescent probes and performed imaging-based evaluation on surgically resected human breast specimens. Among them, the α-mannosidase-reactive fluorescent probe HMRef-αMan detected breast cancer with 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity. We identified α-mannosidase 2C1 as the target enzyme and confirmed its overexpression in various breast tumors. We found that fibroadenoma, the most common benign breast lesion in young woman, tends to have higher α-mannosidase 2C1 activity than malignant cancer. Combined application of green-emitting HMRef-αMan and a red-emitting γ-glutamyltranspeptidase probe enabled efficient dual-color, dual-target optical discrimination of malignant and benign tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohhei Fujita
- Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- PRESTO,
Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takafusa Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akira Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Rumi Hino
- Daito
Bunka University, Department of Sports and
Health Science, 560 Iwadono, Higashimatsuyama, Saitama 355-8501, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kojima
- Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- PRESTO,
Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ueo
- Ueo
Breast Cancer Hospital, 1-3-5 Futamatacho, Oita, Oita 870-0887, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- CREST,
Japan
Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda,
Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
- E-mail
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