1
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Herbert B, Walpuski J, Stolte M, Shoyama K. Designing Organic π-Conjugated Molecules for Crystalline Solid Solutions: Adamantane-Substituted Naphthalenes. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300761. [PMID: 38259048 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
We showcase herein organic crystalline solid solutions (CSSs) based on the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) scaffold, naphthalene, stabilized by dispersion forces induced by adamantane substitution. High thermal stability of the host and guest molecules synthesized by cross-coupling of dibromonaphthalene derivatives and 4-(1-adamantyl)phenyl boronic ester enabled formation of crystals by sublimation. We could generate binary monocrystalline solid solution systems proven by X-ray crystallography, the first system of designed CSSs stabilized exclusively via dispersion forces with structural evidence. These observations are additionally supported by lattice energy calculations and spectroscopic examinations. For the generation of CSSs, it is of utmost importance that the host and guest molecules have similar lattice energies and spatial compatibility. We anticipate that the thermostable organic CSS design demonstrated herein would be beneficial for functional materials and further investigation towards materials with unique properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Herbert
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Janis Walpuski
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Yao W, Sun K, Li C, Zhang S, Liu K, Wu B, Mao Y, Ma H, Huang W, An Z. Organic Phosphorescent Hopper-Shaped Microstructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309559. [PMID: 38243884 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Hopper-shaped microcrystals, an unusual type of crystal with a large specific surface area, are promising for use in catalysis, drug delivery, and gas sensors. In contrast to well-studied inorganic hopper-shaped crystals, organic phosphorescent concave hopper-shaped microstructures are rarely reported. This study reports the synthesis of two types of organic stepped indented hopper-shaped microstructures with efficient room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) using a liquid phase self-assembly strategy. The formation mechanism is attributed to the interfacial instability induced by the concentration gradient and selective etching. Compared with flat microstructures, the stepped indented hopper-like RTP microstructures exhibit high sensitivity to oxygen. This work also demonstrates that packing the photochromic material into the concave hopper "vessel" effectively controls the switch of phosphorescence from energy transfer, expanding the potential applications of phosphorescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Chenxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Beishen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yufeng Mao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Huili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhongfu An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
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3
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Yang J, Ma YX, Zong Y, Sun M, Wang Y, Zhang RL, Feng J, Wang CZ, Zhuo SP, Zhou J, Shi YL, Chen SH, Wang XD, Lin HT. Precise Synthesis of Organic Cocrystal Alloys with Full-Spectrum Emission Characteristics for the Stepless Color Changing Display. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307129. [PMID: 38126615 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Organic luminescent materials are indispensable in optoelectronic displays and solid-state luminescence applications. Compared with single-component, multi-component crystalline materials can improve optoelectronic characteristics. This work forms a series of full-spectrum tunable luminescent charge-transfer (CT) cocrystals ranging from 400 to 800 nm through intermolecular collaborative self-assembly. What is even more interesting is that o-TCP-Cor(x)-Pe(1-x), p-TCP-Cor(x)-Pe(1-x), and o-TCP-AN(x)-TP(1-x) alloys are prepared based on cocrystals by doping strategies, which correspondingly achieve the stepless color change from blue (CIE [0.22, 0.44]) to green (CIE [0.16, 0.14]), from green (CIE [0.27, 0.56]) to orange (CIE [0.58, 0.42]), from yellow (CIE [0.40, 0.57]) to red (CIE [0.65, 0.35]). The work provides an efficient method for precisely synthesizing new luminescent organic semiconductor materials and lays a solid foundation for developing advanced organic solid-state displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Xin Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mao Sun
- School of resources and environmental engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Long Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Jin Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Zeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ping Zhuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Li Shi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Hai Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Dong Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Tao Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, P. R. China
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4
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Xiong Z, Li Y, Yuan Z, Liang J, Wang S, Yang X, Xiang S, Lv Y, Chen B, Zhang Z. Switchable Anisotropic/Isotropic Photon Transport in a Double-Dipole Metal-Organic Framework via Radical-Controlled Energy Transfer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2314005. [PMID: 38375769 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Directional control of photon transport at micro/nanoscale holds great potential in developing multifunctional optoelectronic devices. Here, the switchable anisotropic/isotropic photon transport is reported in a double-dipole metal-organic framework (MOF) based on radical-controlled energy transfer. Double-dipole MOF microcrystals with transition dipole moments perpendicular to each other have been achieved by the pillared-layer coordination strategy. The energy transfer between the double dipolar chromophores can be modulated by the photogenerated radicals, which permits the in situ switchable output on both polarization (isotropy/anisotropy state) and wavelength information (blue/red-color emission). On this basis, the original MOF microcrystal with isotropic polarization state displays the isotropic photon transport and similar reabsorption losses at various directions, while the radical-affected MOF microcrystal with anisotropic polarization state shows the anisotropic photon transport with distinct reabsorption losses at different directions, finally leading to the in situ switchable anisotropic/isotropic photon transport. These results offer a novel strategy for the development of MOF-based photonic devices with tunable anisotropic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhile Xiong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Yunbin Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Jiashuai Liang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Shuaiqi Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Shengchang Xiang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Yuanchao Lv
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Banglin Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Zhangjing Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
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5
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Wei C, Li L, Zheng Y, Wang L, Ma J, Xu M, Lin J, Xie L, Naumov P, Ding X, Feng Q, Huang W. Flexible molecular crystals for optoelectronic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3687-3713. [PMID: 38411997 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00116d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The cornerstones of the advancement of flexible optoelectronics are the design, preparation, and utilization of novel materials with favorable mechanical and advanced optoelectronic properties. Molecular crystalline materials have emerged as a class of underexplored yet promising materials due to the reduced grain boundaries and defects anticipated to provide enhanced photoelectric characteristics. An inherent drawback that has precluded wider implementation of molecular crystals thus far, however, has been their brittleness, which renders them incapable of ensuring mechanical compliance required for even simple elastic or plastic deformation of the device. It is perplexing that despite a plethora of reports that have in the meantime become available underpinning the flexibility of molecular crystals, the "discovery" of elastically or plastically deformable crystals remains limited to cases of serendipitous and laborious trial-and-error approaches, a situation that calls for a systematic and thorough assessment of these properties and their correlation with the structure. This review provides a comprehensive and concise overview of the current understanding of the origins of crystal flexibility, the working mechanisms of deformations such as plastic and elastic bending behaviors, and insights into the examples of flexible molecular crystals, specifically concerning photoelectronic changes that occur in deformed crystals. We hope this summary will provide a reference for future experimental and computational efforts with flexible molecular crystals aimed towards improving their mechanical behavior and optoelectronic properties, ultimately intending to advance the flexible optoelectronic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Liang Li
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Jingyao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Linghai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
- School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE) and Henan Institute of Flexible Electronics (HIFE), Henan University, 379 Mingli Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Research Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bul. Krste Misirkov 2, Skopje MK-1000, Macedonia
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Xuehua Ding
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Quanyou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
- School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE) and Henan Institute of Flexible Electronics (HIFE), Henan University, 379 Mingli Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
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6
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Feng X, Lin R, Yang S, Xu Y, Zhang T, Chen S, Ji Y, Wang Z, Chen S, Zhu C, Gao Z, Zhao YS. Spatially Resolved Organic Whispering-Gallery-Mode Hetero-Microrings for High-Security Photonic Barcodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310263. [PMID: 37604784 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microcavities featuring distinguishable sharp peaks in a broadband exhibit enormous advantages in the field of miniaturized photonic barcodes. However, such kind of barcodes developed hitherto are primarily based on microcavities wherein multiple gain medias were blended into a single matrix, thus resulting in the limited and indistinguishable coding elements. Here, a surface tension assisted heterogeneous assembly strategy is proposed to construct the spatially resolved WGM hetero-microrings with multiple spatial colors along its circular direction. Through precisely regulating the charge-transfer (CT) strength, full-color microrings covering the entire visible range were effectively acquired, which exhibit a series of sharp and recognizable peaks and allow for the effective construction of high-quality photonic barcodes. Notably, the spatially resolved WGM hetero-microrings with multiple coding elements were finally acquired through heterogeneous nucleation and growth controlled by the directional diffusion between the hetero-emulsion droplets, thus remarkably promoting the security strength and coding capacity of the barcodes. The results would be useful to fabricate new types of organic hierarchical hybrid WGM heterostructures for optical information recording and security labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Feng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ru Lin
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuyu Xu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tongjin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shunwei Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yingke Ji
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Zifei Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shiwei Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chaofeng Zhu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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7
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Tian S, Lugger SJD, Lee CS, Debije MG, Schenning APHJ. Fully (Re)configurable Interactive Material through a Switchable Photothermal Charge Transfer Complex Gated by a Supramolecular Liquid Crystal Elastomer Actuator. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19347-19353. [PMID: 37609696 PMCID: PMC10485926 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Charge transfer complexes (CTCs) based on self-assembled donor and acceptor molecules allow light absorption of significantly redshifted wavelengths to either the donor or acceptor. In this work, we demonstrate a CTC embedded in a hydrogen-bonded liquid crystal elastomer (LCE), which in itself is fully reformable and reprocessable. The LCE host acts as a gate, directing the self-assembly of the CTC. When hydrogen bonding is present, the CTC behaves as a near-infrared (NIR) dye allowing photothermal actuation of the LCE. The CTC can be disassembled in specific regions of the LCE film by disrupting the hydrogen bond interactions, allowing selective NIR heating and localized actuation of the films. The metastable non-CTC state may persist for weeks or can be recovered on demand by heat treatment. Besides the CTC variability, the capability of completely reforming the shape, color, and actuation mode of the LCE provides an interactive material with unprecedented application versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Tian
- Center
of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.
R. China
- Stimuli-Responsive
Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sean J. D. Lugger
- Stimuli-Responsive
Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology (TU/e), Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center
of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.
R. China
| | - Michael G. Debije
- Stimuli-Responsive
Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology (TU/e), Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Interactive
Polymer Materials (IPM), Eindhoven University
of Technology (TU/e), Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albert P. H. J. Schenning
- Stimuli-Responsive
Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology (TU/e), Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Interactive
Polymer Materials (IPM), Eindhoven University
of Technology (TU/e), Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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8
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Feng Z, Hai T, Zhang L, Lei Y. Fractal Branched Microwires of Organic Semiconductor with Controlled Branching and Low-Threshold Amplified Spontaneous Emission. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:835-842. [PMID: 36625647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fractals are quite normal in nature. However, fractal self-assembly of organic semiconductors remains challenging. Herein, we develop a facile solution assembly route to access organic microwires (MWs) comprising an oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) derivative (OPV-A) with and without branching. Instead of kinetically controlled β-OPV-A microrods (MRs), thermodynamically favored α-OPV-A gives fractal branching MW patterns. As-prepared 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA) alloyed assemblies function as seeds to allow for the heteroepitaxial growth of branching α-OPV-A MWs via either coassembly or two-step seeded growth. Consequently, fractal MWs with single- and multisite growth were both achieved, accompanied by tailorable branching densities and hierarchies. Thermodynamic control and a well-matched epitaxial relationship should be crucial to the formation of fractal MW patterns. Importantly, the aligned α-OPV-A MW array functions as a multichannel optical gain medium and exhibits low-threshold amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). The present work deepens the research into fractal self-assembly of functional organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuofang Feng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Hai
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilong Lei
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
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9
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Lin HT, Ma YX, Chen S, Wang XD. Hierarchical Integration of Organic Core/Shell Microwires for Advanced Photonics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214214. [PMID: 36351872 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The combination of multiple components or structures into integrated micro/nanostructures for practical application has been pursued for many years. Herein, a series of hierarchical organic microwires with branch, core/shell (C/S), and branch C/S structures are successfully constructed based on organic charge transfer (CT) cocrystals with structural similarity and physicochemical tunability. By regulating the intermolecular CT interaction, single microwires and branch microstructures can be integrated into the C/S and branch C/S structures, respectively. Significantly, the integrated branch C/S microwires, with multicolor waveguide behavior and branch structure multichannel waveguide output characteristics, can function as an optical logic gate with multiple encoding features. This work provides useful insights for creating completely new types of organic microstructures for integrated optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Xin Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P. R. China
| | - Song Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xue-Dong Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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10
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Guan S, Zhao G, Sun Y, Tang Z, Pan J, Wang J, Ji Z, Wang X. A new strategy: realization of organic heteroepitaxy and organic alloys based on the similarity of CC and NN. CrystEngComm 2023; 25:2655-2661. [DOI: doi.org/10.1039/d3ce00098b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The similarity of NN and CC in trans-4,4′-azobis(pyridine) and trans-1,2-bis(pyridin-4-yl)ethene offers an innovative approach for creating controllable and versatile organic heterostructure and organic alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Guan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guixia Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yichen Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhenxun Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiahong Pan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhuoyu Ji
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiangke Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
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11
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Wang L, Liu YL, Wang MS. The organic co-crystals formed using naphthalenediimide-based triangular macrocycles and coronene: intermolecular charge transfers and nonlinear optical properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29747-29756. [PMID: 36458524 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03236h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Formation of organic co-crystals is an effective strategy to synthesize near infrared emission and nonlinear optical (NLO) materials, which often show "1 + 1 > 2" performance. Moreover, the crystallization process can be effectively regulated through supramolecular interactions; thus the properties of co-crystal materials can also be flexibly regulated. Here, in order to further understand the nature and formation mechanism of co-crystals from the perspective of theoretical research, we studied the structures, intermolecular interactions, absorption spectra, charge transfer (CT) characteristics and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the newly synthesized organic co-crystals formed between naphthalenediimide based triangles (NDI, acceptor) and coronene (COR, donor). According to the analysis of decomposition of intermolecular interaction energy, dispersion energy played a major role, so the co-crystal properties can be regulated by regulating the intermolecular dispersion energy. More importantly, the formation of co-crystals NDI-COR and NDI-2COR reduced the Egap values with respect to those of their components. And there was significant intermolecular CT from COR to NDI and the degree of CT in NDI-COR was larger than that in NDI-2COR, so that the αtot and γtot values of NDI-COR and NDI-2COR were significantly greater than those of their components. Thus, the NLO properties of organic co-crystals can be further improved by enhancing the electron-donating ability of the donor and the electron-withdrawing ability of the acceptor to enhance the degree of intermolecular interaction energy and CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
| | - Yan-Li Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
| | - Mei-Shan Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China. .,School of Integrated Circuits, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
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12
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Tian S, Tan J, Kang T, Cao C, Pan J, Xiao Y, Cui X, Li S, Lee CS. Harnessing Polymer-Matrix-Mediated Manipulation of Intermolecular Charge-Transfer for Near-Infrared Security Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2204749. [PMID: 35862231 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Precise recognition of near-infrared (NIR) signals holds great prospects in optical communication, remote sensing, information security, and anti-counterfeiting. For these applications, filters with good NIR transparency are typically essential components. Currently, such NIR transparent filters are dominated by inorganic materials such as chalcogenide glasses. There are, so far, only a handful of organic molecules with suitable optical properties due to the rarity of organic materials with good NIR transparency and relatively flat absorption over the UV-visible region. Here, it is found that the library of NIR-transparent organic materials can be expanded by forming a charge-transfer complex (CTC) between a donor (D) and an acceptor (A) molecule that are commercially available. Via regulating the DA interaction, the CTC filter shows tunable absorption from the visible to NIR region with a relatively high penetration of NIR radiation (≈80%). The CTC filter can successfully highlight NIR information hidden in a complex environment and allow reading of NIR security images for advanced anti-counterfeiting. Moreover, the CTC filter can be used for viewing protected NIR information with good resolution, and thus provide a convenient tool for different security applications using NIR-encoded information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Tian
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 000000, P. R. China
| | - Jihua Tan
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 000000, P. R. China
| | - Tianxing Kang
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 000000, P. R. China
| | - Chen Cao
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 000000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 000000, P. R. China
| | - Yafang Xiao
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 000000, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 000000, P. R. China
| | - Shengliang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 000000, P. R. China
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13
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Liu K, Li S, Fu L, Lei Y, Liao Q, Fu H. Cocrystallization tailoring radiative decay pathways for thermally activated delayed fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence emission. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:6305-6311. [PMID: 35420117 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00757f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of excited-state processes in binary organic cocrystals has been rarely explored so far. Here, we develop two charge-transfer (CT) cocrystal microrods with a 1 : 1 stoichiometric ratio where halogenated dibenzothiophene (DBT) compounds act as π-electron donors and 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) acts as an acceptor. Unexpectedly, the cocrystal containing one bromine (Br) atom at the 3-position of DBT (3-BrTC) presents thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), while the other one comprising one Br atom at the 4-position of DBT (4-BrTC) exhibits both TADF and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that CT interactions in 3- and 4-BrTC decrease the S1-T2 energy gap, whereas abundant lone-pair electrons from the Br atom in 4-BrTC facilitate the n → π* transition. As a consequence, single TADF and dual-emissive TADF/RTP were realized, respectively. The present work offers wonderful insight into the effect of molecular structures on the excited-state pathways of organic CT cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Institute of Molecule Plus (IMP), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Shuai Li
- Institute of Molecule Plus (IMP), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Liyuan Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Yilong Lei
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Qing Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Institute of Molecule Plus (IMP), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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14
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Hai T, Feng Z, Sun Y, Wong WY, Liang Y, Zhang Q, Lei Y. Vapor-Phase Living Assembly of π-Conjugated Organic Semiconductors. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3290-3299. [PMID: 35107255 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to well-studied amphiphilic block copolymers (BCPs) and π-stacked dyes, living assembly of hydrophobic π-conjugated materials has not yet been explored to date. Using a microspacing physical vapor transport (PVT) technique, the prefabricated microrods of organic semiconductors involving 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA, A) or its binary alloy (B) can act as seeds to initiate living homoepitaxial growth from their ends, giving elongated microrods with controlled length. Red-green-red tricolor fluorescent microrod heterostructures with low dispersity are further realized by living heteroepitaxial growth of B microrod blocks on A seed microrod tips. Upon varying the growth sequence of each block, reverse triblock microrods are also accessible. Such a seed-induced living growth is applicable to triblock microrod heterostructures of more binary combinations as well as even more complex penta- and hepta-block heterostructures comprising A and B. By virtue of a convenient vapor-phase growth method, the present work demonstrates the generality of living assembly of π-conjugated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hai
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zuofang Feng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yanqiu Sun
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yin Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yilong Lei
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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15
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Tsunashima R. Molecular solid solutions for advanced materials – homeomorphic or heteromorphic. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01632f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline molecular solid solutions are discussed on the basis of homeomorphism and heteromorphism of blended molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tsunashima
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan
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16
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Thomas R, Thomas SP, Lakhotiya H, Mamakhel AH, Bondesgaard M, Birkedal V, Iversen BB. Tuning of bandgaps and emission properties of light-emitting diode materials through homogeneous alloying in molecular crystals. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12391-12399. [PMID: 34603669 PMCID: PMC8480314 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03714e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alloy formation is ubiquitous in inorganic materials science, and it strongly depends on the similarity between the alloyed atoms. Since molecules have widely different shapes, sizes and bonding properties, it is highly challenging to make alloyed molecular crystals. Here we report the generation of homogenous molecular alloys of organic light emitting diode materials that leads to tuning in their bandgaps and fluorescence emission. Tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminium (Alq3) and its Ga, In and Cr analogues (Gaq3, Inq3, and Crq3) form homogeneous mixed crystal phases thereby resulting in binary, ternary and even quaternary molecular alloys. The MxM′(1−x)q3 alloy crystals are investigated using X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy on single crystal samples, and photoluminescence properties are measured on the exact same single crystal specimens. The different series of alloys exhibit distinct trends in their optical bandgaps compared with their parent crystals. In the AlxGa(1−x)q3 alloys the emission wavelengths lie in between those of the parent crystals, while the AlxIn(1−x)q3 and GaxIn(1−x)q3 alloys have red shifts. Intriguingly, efficient fluorescence quenching is observed for the MxCr(1−x)q3 alloys (M = Al, Ga) revealing the effect of paramagnetic molecular doping, and corroborating the molecular scale phase homogeneity. Multicomponent molecular alloy crystals exhibit intriguing effects of tuning and quenching in their photoluminescence, suggesting ‘alloy-crystal engineering’ as a useful design strategy for molecular functional materials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Thomas
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNano, Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Sajesh P Thomas
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNano, Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Harish Lakhotiya
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNano, Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Aref H Mamakhel
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNano, Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Martin Bondesgaard
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNano, Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Victoria Birkedal
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNano) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Bo B Iversen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNano, Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 Aarhus 8000 Denmark
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