1
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Termühlen S, Dutschke PD, Hepp A, Hahn FE. Synthesis of CAAC Complexes by Oxidative Addition of 2-Chloro-3,3-dimethyl- N-ethylindoleninium Cations to Carbonylmetalates and Subsequent Transmetalation. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Termühlen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Patrick D. Dutschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - F. Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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2
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Kim H, Lee E. Ambiphilic singlet carbenes: Electron donors and acceptors. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Republic of Korea
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3
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Volk J, Heinz M, Leibold M, Bruhn C, Bens T, Sarkar B, Holthausen MC, Siemeling U. A crystalline cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene with a 1,1'-ferrocenylene backbone. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10396-10399. [PMID: 36039867 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03871d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes with a 1,1'-ferrocenylene backbone (fcCAACs) are established as an original family by the preparation of a crystalline congener. The Ccarbene bond angle is unprecedentedly wide for a CAAC, causing an exceptionally pronounced ambiphilicity. The redox-active backbone opens the door to unconventional metalloradicals and oligoradicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Volk
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Myron Heinz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Leibold
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Tobias Bens
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 50659 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 50659 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Max C Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
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4
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Böhme MD, Eder T, Röthel MB, Dutschke PD, Wilm LFB, Hahn FE, Dielmann F. Synthesis of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Their Complexes by Chloronium Ion Abstraction from 2-Chloroazolium Salts Using Electron-Rich Phosphines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202190. [PMID: 35230738 PMCID: PMC9401039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N‐Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are commonly prepared by deprotonation of azolium salts using strong anionic bases. This reaction is often unselective, yielding alkali metal NHC complexes or dimerized NHCs. Alternatively, free NHCs are obtained by the dechlorination of 2‐chloroazolium salts using electron‐rich phosphines. PPh3, PCy3, and PtBu3 are unsuitable for Cl+ abstraction, while the sterically encumbered tris(1,3‐tert‐butylimidazolidin‐2‐ylidenamino)phosphine 1 selectively removes Cl+ from 2‐chloroazolium salts. Since bulky 1 does not bind to metal complexes, it was used for the preparation of NHC complexes via in situ Cl+ abstraction from 2‐chloroazolium salts. The dechlorination was employed for the site‐selective monometallation with IrI, IrIII, RhI, RhIII, and RuII of a bis‐NHC precursor composed of a 2‐chlorobenzimidazolium and a 2‐chlorobenzimidazole group, followed by the preparation of the heterobimetallic IrIII/PdII complex [18](BF4)2 by a dechlorination/oxidative addition reaction sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D Böhme
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 39, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Eder
- Institute of General and Theoretical Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maike B Röthel
- Institute of General and Theoretical Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrick D Dutschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 39, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lukas F B Wilm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 39, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - F Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 39, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institute of General and Theoretical Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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5
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Kim M, Kim H, Kim S, Hong S, Lee E. Syntheses and Applications of Indol-2-ylidene-Ligated Ruthenium-Based Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minseop Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology. Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology. Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukwon Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology. Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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6
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Breuers CBJ, Daniliuc CG, Studer A. Dearomatizing Cyclization of 2-Iodoindoles by Oxidative NHC Catalysis to Access Spirocyclic Indolenines and Oxindoles Bearing an All Carbon Quaternary Stereocenter. Org Lett 2022; 24:4960-4964. [PMID: 35787026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An intramolecular dearomatizing spirocyclization of indoles by oxidative N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis is reported. C2-iodinated indoles are used as substrates in combination with aroyl azolium ions as acceptors, which provides C2-iodinated indolenines containing an all carbon quaternary stereocenter. The products are readily further C2-functionalized and give access to valuable oxindoles by simple hydrolysis in very good overall yields and excellent enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B J Breuers
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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7
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Böhme MD, Eder T, Röthel MB, Dutschke PD, Wilm LFB, Hahn FE, Dielmann F. Synthese
N
‐heterocyclischer Carbene und ihrer Komplexe durch Chloroniumionabstraktion von 2‐Chlorazoliumsalzen mit elektronenreichen Phosphanen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D. Böhme
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 39 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Tobias Eder
- Institut für Allgemeine und Theoretische Chemie Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Maike B. Röthel
- Institut für Allgemeine und Theoretische Chemie Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Patrick D. Dutschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 39 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Lukas F. B. Wilm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 39 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - F. Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 39 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institut für Allgemeine und Theoretische Chemie Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
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8
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Termühlen S, Dutschke PD, Hepp A, Hahn E. Steric and Electronic Properties of Indol‐Derived CAAC Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Termühlen
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Patrick D. Dutschke
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Ekkehardt Hahn
- Westfalische Wilhelms Universitat Munster Department of Chemistry Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster GERMANY
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9
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Brüggemann P, Mzyk K, Molter M, Nellesen J, Schaper K, Ganter C. Synthesis, Reactivity and Electronic Properties of Quinazolin‐2‐one‐Based N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Brüggemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Karol Mzyk
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Marius Molter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Joscha Nellesen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Klaus Schaper
- Institut für Organische Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Christian Ganter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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10
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Cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) ligands: Electronic structure and application as chemically- and redox-non-innocent ligands and chromophores. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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12
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Kumar A, Kisan HK, Huynh HV. Reactivity Studies and Electronic Properties of an N-Arylated Acyclic Amino Carbene. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Hemanta K. Kisan
- Department of Chemistry, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004, India
| | - Han Vinh Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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13
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Belotti D, Kampert F, Jahnke MC, Hahn FE. Oxidative addition of a 8-bromotheobromine derivative to d
10 metals. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2021-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Reaction of 8-bromo-7-ethyl-3-methylxanthine 1 with zerovalent group 10 metal complexes gave via an oxidative addition of the C–Br bond the neutral complexes trans-[2] (M = Pd) and trans-[3] (M = Pt) bearing a theobromine-derived azolato ligand. While the oxidative addition to [Pd0(PPh3)4] gave exclusively trans-[2], the reaction with the more substitution-inert [Pt0(PPh3)4] yielded after 1 day the kinetic product cis-[3], which was converted under heating for a total of 3 days completely into the thermodynamically more stable complex trans-[3]. Treatment of trans-[2], trans-[3] or the mixture of cis-/trans-[3] with the proton source HBF4⋅Et2O led to complexes trans-[4]BF4, trans-[5]BF4 and a mixture of cis/trans-[5]BF4 with retention of the original ratio of cis to trans, respectively. The molecular structures of the azolato complexes trans-[2] and trans-[3] and of the theobromine derived pNHC complexes trans-[4]BF4 and trans-[5]BF4 have been determined by X-ray diffraction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Belotti
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Florian Kampert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Mareike C. Jahnke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - F. Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
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14
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Termühlen S, Blumenberg J, Hepp A, Daniliuc CG, Hahn FE. Preparation of Complexes Bearing N-Alkylated, Anionic or Protic CAACs Through Oxidative Addition of 2-Halogenoindole Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2599-2602. [PMID: 33022849 PMCID: PMC7898591 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CAAC precursors 2-chloro-3,3-dimethylindole 1 and 2-chloro-1-ethyl-3,3-dimethylindolium tetrafluoroborate 2BF4 have been prepared and oxidatively added to [M(PPh3 )4 ] (M=Pd, Pt). Salt 2BF4 reacts with [Pd(PPh3 )4 ] in toluene at 25 °C over 4 days to yield complex cis-[3]BF4 featuring an N-ethyl substituted CAAC, two cis-arranged phosphines and a chloro ligand. Compound trans-[3]BF4 was obtained from the same reaction at 80 °C over 1 day. Salt 2BF4 reacts with [Pt(PPh3 )4 ] to give cis-[4]BF4 . The neutral indole derivative 1 adds oxidatively to [Pt(PPh3 )4 ] to give trans-[5] featuring a CAAC ligand with an unsubstituted ring-nitrogen atom. This nitrogen atom has been protonated with py⋅HBF4 to give trans-[6]BF4 bearing a protic CAAC ligand. The PdII complex trans-[7]BF4 bearing a protic CAAC ligand was obtained in a one-pot reaction from 1 and [Pd(PPh3 )4 ] in the presence of py⋅HBF4 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Termühlen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonas Blumenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - F Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
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