1
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Ben Ahmed S, Pérez de Bustos G, Pina J, Torres T, Rodríguez-Morgade MS. Tuning Fluorescence and Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yields of Subporphyrazines by Axial Functionalization. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300779. [PMID: 38319826 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The axial functionalization of Subporphyrazines (SubPzs) with unreported alkoxy groups, carboxy and carboperoxy rests, as well as sulfanyl, aryl and amino groups, forming B-O, B-S, B-C, and B-N bonds, respectively, has been investigated. The studied oxygen nucleophiles include aromatic and sterically demanding aliphatic alcohols, along with carboxylic acids and peracids. In general, direct substitution of the chloro-SubPz by oxygen nucleophiles of diverse nature proceeds smoothly, with yields of the isolated alkoxy and carboxy-substituted SubPzs ranging from 49 to 100 %. Conversely, direct substitution with sulphur, carbon and nitrogen nucleophiles do not afford the corresponding substituted SubPzs. In these cases, a stepwise procedure involving an axial triflate-SubPz intermediate was employed, affording only the phenyl-SubPz in 8 % yield. The major compound under these conditions was the unreported SubPz μ-oxo dimer, presumably arising from substitution of the triflate-SubPz by the in situ generated hydroxy-SubPz. This result indicates a quite low reactivity of the TfO-SubPz intermediate with carbon, sulphur and nitrogen nucleophiles. All SubPzs prepared in this work exhibited fluorescence at 510-515 nm with quantum yields ranging from 0.1 to 0.24. Additionally, all SubPzs generated singlet oxygen, with ΦΔ values ranging from 0.15 to 0.57, which show no apparent correlation with the axial substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ben Ahmed
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Pérez de Bustos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - João Pina
- University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Salomé Rodríguez-Morgade
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Cañizares-Espada E, Pérez de Bustos G, Naoda K, Osuka A, Torres T, Rodríguez-Morgade MS. A Green-to-Near-Infrared Photoswitch Based on a Blended Subporphyrazine-Dithienylethene System. Org Lett 2024; 26:955-959. [PMID: 38236757 PMCID: PMC10845152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
A subporphyrazine (SubPz)-dithienylethene (DTE) photochromic device with 1o and 1c states, was developed and characterized. In this device, the DTE unit can reversibly switch the SubPz absorbance from green to near-infrared [λmax (o/c) = 527 nm/740 nm], as well as the SubPz fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yields. The core of this design involves using a highly tunable SubPz chromophore that shares its quasi-isolated ethene moiety with a DTE photoswitch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cañizares-Espada
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Pérez de Bustos
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Koji Naoda
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory
of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of
Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute
for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Salomé Rodríguez-Morgade
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute
for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Gotfredsen H, Thiel D, Greißel PM, Chen L, Krug M, Papadopoulos I, Ferguson MJ, Nielsen MB, Torres T, Clark T, Guldi DM, Tykwinski RR. Sensitized Singlet Fission in Rigidly Linked Axial and Peripheral Pentacene-Subphthalocyanine Conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9548-9563. [PMID: 37083447 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The goal of harnessing the theoretical potential of singlet fission (SF), a process in which one singlet excited state is split into two triplet excited states, has become a central challenge in solar energy research. Covalently linked dimers provide crucial models for understanding the role of chromophore arrangement and coupling in SF. Sensitizers can be integrated into these systems to expand the absorption bandwidth through which SF can be accessed. Here, we define the role of the sensitizer-chromophore geometry in a sensitized SF model system. To this end, two conjugates have been synthesized consisting of a pentacene dimer (SF motif) connected via a rigid alkynyl bridge to a subphthalocyanine (the sensitizer motif) in either an axial or a peripheral arrangement. Steady-state and time-resolved photophysical measurements are used to confirm that both conjugates operate as per design, displaying near unity energy transfer efficiencies and high triplet quantum yields from SF. Decisively, energy transfer between the subphthalocyanine and pentacene dimer occurs ca. 26 times faster in the peripheral conjugate, even though the two chromophores are ca. 3 Å farther apart than in the axial conjugate. Following a theoretical evaluation of the dipolar coupling, Vdip2, and the orientation factor, κ2, of both the axial (Vdip2 = 140 cm-2; κ2 = 0.08) and the peripheral (Vdip2 = 724 cm-2; κ2 = 1.46) arrangements, we establish that this rate acceleration is due to a more favorable (nearly co-planar) relative orientation of the transition dipole moments of the subphthalocyanine and pentacenes in the peripheral constellation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Gotfredsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Phillip M Greißel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Marcel Krug
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Tomás Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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Labella J, Torres T. Subphthalocyanines: contracted porphyrinoids with expanded applications. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Bisht H, Singh AP, Joshi HC, Jit S, Mishra H. Förster Resonance Energy Transfer between Fluorescent Organic Semiconductors: Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene- alt-benzothiadiazole) and 6,13-Bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:3931-3939. [PMID: 35583941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, an investigation of the electronic excitation energy transfer between two p-type fluorescent semiconductors, F8BT [poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alcohol-benzothiadiazole] and TIPS-P [6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene], has been carried out in a chloroform solution using steady-state and time-domain fluorescence techniques. The spectral overlap integral between donor (F8BT) emission and acceptor (TIPS-P) absorption is 2.04 × 1015 nm4/(M cm), and the corresponding critical transfer distance is 53.12 Å. In donor decay dynamics, at the lower acceptor concentrations, the observed results deviate from the Förster theory due to the combined effect of diffusion and energy migration. However, it does not exhibit energy migration and distribution for higher acceptor concentrations, and the system follows the Förster model of resonance excitation energy transfer (FRET). The higher value of the donor-acceptor interaction strength than self-interaction (donor-donor interaction) appears to be responsible for this behavior. Further, in acceptor decay, the appearance of the rise time and its decrease with the acceptor concentration confirms FRET from F8BT to TIPS-P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemlata Bisht
- Physics Section-MMV, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Abhinav Pratap Singh
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Hem Chandra Joshi
- Laser Diagnostics Division, Institute for Plasma Research Gandhinagar, Ahmadabad 382428, India
| | - Satyabrata Jit
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Hirdyesh Mishra
- Physics Section-MMV, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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6
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Li Z, Zhang L, Wu Q, Li H, Kang Z, Yu C, Hao E, Jiao L. Boron-Templated Synthesis of B(III)-Submonoazaporphyrins: The Hybrids of B(III)-Subporphyrins and B(III)-Subporphyrazines. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6692-6697. [PMID: 35294839 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A new class of hybridized and core-contracted porphyrinoids, B(III)-submonoazaporphyrins, which may be viewed as the hybrids of B(III)-subporphyrins and B(III)-subporphyrazines, was reported. The versatile single-step synthesis was based on an efficient intramolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction on readily available α-amino-α'-bromotripyrromethenes, while boronic acids, trifluoroborate salts, or trimethoxyborate simultaneously acted as the template and provider of apical substituent. Those new hybrids, as robust and photostable compounds, were fully characterized by NMR, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. They showed intense absorption and emission in the visible region, and their electrochemical properties and computational calculation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Zhengxin Kang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Erhong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
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7
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Platzer B, Berionni Berna B, Bischetti M, Cicero DO, Paolesse R, Nardis S, Torres T, Guldi DM. Exploring the Association of Electron‐Donating Corroles with Phthalocyanines as Electron Acceptors. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103891. [PMID: 35084748 PMCID: PMC9306480 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Electron‐donating corroles (Cor) were integrated with electron‐accepting phthalocyanines (Pc) to afford two different non‐covalent Cor ⋅ Pc systems. At the forefront was the coordination between a 10‐meso‐pyridine Cor and a ZnPc. The complexation was corroborated in a combination of NMR, absorption, and fluorescence assays, and revealed association with binding constants as high as 106
m−1. Steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopies evidenced that regardless of exciting Cor or Pc, the charge‐separated state evolved efficiently in both cases, followed by a slow charge‐recombination to reinstate the ground state. The introduction of non‐covalent linkages between Cor and Pc induces sizeable differences in the context of light harvesting and transfer of charges when compared with covalently linked Cor‐Pc conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Platzer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Beatrice Berionni Berna
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies University of Rome Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Martina Bischetti
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies University of Rome Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Daniel O. Cicero
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies University of Rome Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies University of Rome Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Sara Nardis
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies University of Rome Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
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8
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Lavarda G, Labella J, Martínez-Díaz MV, Rodríguez-Morgade MS, Osuka A, Torres T. Recent advances in subphthalocyanines and related subporphyrinoids. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9482-9619. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Subporphyrinoids constitute a class of extremely versatile and attractive compounds. Herein, a comprehensive review of the most recent advances in the fundamentals and applications of these cone-shaped aromatic macrocycles is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lavarda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Labella
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Victoria Martínez-Díaz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Salomé Rodríguez-Morgade
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomás Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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