1
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Wang B, Ren M, Iqbal N, Mu X, Bäckvall JE, Yang B. Palladium-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Carbonylative Esterification of Allenoic Acids for the Synthesis of γ-Butyrolactone Derivatives. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38502799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
A highly efficient dehydrogenative carbonylative esterification of allenoic acids using Pd-catalysis was developed, providing a novel approach to synthesizing esterified γ-butyrolactone derivatives with consistently good to excellent results demonstrated across over 50 examples. Additionally, we used a heterogeneous catalyst known as Pd-AmP-MCF and harnessed biomimetic-aerobic-oxidation conditions to facilitate the practical execution of this reaction. Furthermore, our detailed study of γ-butyrolactone products highlighted their potential in synthesizing bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Wang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhe Ren
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Nasir Iqbal
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xin Mu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Jan-E Bäckvall
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bin Yang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
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2
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Gigant N, Drège E, Joseph D. Carbon Nucleophile-Initiated Rauhut-Currier Reaction: An Atom-Economical Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Carbocycles. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12069-12073. [PMID: 37498652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
A Rauhut-Currier reaction cascade is achieved in the presence of carbon nucleophiles under mild conditions. This original atom-economical transformation enables an efficient one-pot synthesis of densely substituted carbocycles from readily accessible substrates. The key promoter role of the cesium cation in the cascade process was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gigant
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 91400 Orsay, France
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3
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Deiana L, Rafi AA, Bäckvall JE, Córdova A. Subtilisin integrated artificial plant cell walls as heterogeneous catalysts for asymmetric synthesis of ( S)-amides. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19975-19980. [PMID: 37404321 PMCID: PMC10316683 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02193a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Subtilisin integrated artificial plant-cell walls (APCWs) were fabricated by self-assembly using cellulose or nanocellulose as the main component. The resulting APCW catalysts are excellent heterogeneous catalysts for the asymmetric synthesis of (S)-amides. This was demonstrated by the APCW-catalyzed kinetic resolution of several racemic primary amines to give the corresponding (S)-amides in high yields with excellent enantioselectivity. The APCW catalyst can be recycled for multiple reaction cycles without loss of enantioselectivity. The assembled APCW catalyst was also able to cooperate with a homogeneous organoruthenium complex, which allowed for the co-catalytic dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of a racemic primary amine to give the corresponding (S)-amide in high yield. The APCW/Ru co-catalysis constitutes the first examples of DKR of chiral primary amines when subtilisin is used as a co-catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Deiana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University Holmgatan 10 Sundsvall 85179 Sweden
| | - Abdolrahim A Rafi
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University Holmgatan 10 Sundsvall 85179 Sweden
| | - Jan-E Bäckvall
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University Holmgatan 10 Sundsvall 85179 Sweden
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University Stockholm SE-10691 Sweden
| | - Armando Córdova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University Holmgatan 10 Sundsvall 85179 Sweden
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4
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Liu C, Zhao Y, Zhang TS, Tao CB, Fei W, Zhang S, Li MB. Asymmetric transformation of achiral gold nanoclusters with negative nonlinear dependence between chiroptical activity and enantiomeric excess. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3730. [PMID: 37349326 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39462-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of chirality at the nanoscale is important to bridge the gap between molecular and macroscopic chirality. Atomically precise metal nanoclusters provide an ideal platform for this research, while their enantiopure preparation poses a challenge. Here, we describe an efficient approach to enantiopure metal nanoclusters via asymmetric transformation, that is, achiral Au23(SC6H11)16 nanoclusters are converted into chiral and enantiopure Au24(L)2(SC6H11)16 nanoclusters by a chiral inducer phosphoramidite (L). Two enantiomers of Au24(L)2(SC6H11)16 are obtained and the crystal structures reveal their hierarchical chirality, which originates from the two introduced chiral L molecules, the transformation-triggered asymmetric rearrangement of the staple motifs on the surface of the gold core, and the helical arrangement of nanocluster molecules. The construction of this type of enantiomerically pure nanoclusters is achieved based on the easy-to-synthesize and modular L. Lastly, the chirality-related chiroptical performance was investigated, revealing a negative nonlinear CD-ee dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Tai-Song Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Bo Tao
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Fei
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Man-Bo Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, P. R. China.
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5
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Liu L, Wen C, Sun G, Li Y, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Wang Z, She M, Liu P, Zhang S, Li J. Multisite-Sequential Cyclization To Construct 1,2,4-Triazole-Based N-Fused Heterocyclics. Org Lett 2023; 25:1530-1535. [PMID: 36852941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
A feasible protocol that uses atomic groups (KSCN, KSeCN, and NH2CN), o-bromobenzoyl hydrazides, and formyls as reaction factors to synthesize N-fused 1,2,4-triazole with benzothiazides, benzoselenazinones, and quinazolinones was proposed. The method overcomes the lengthy multistep synthesis, narrow substrate scope, and toxicity challenge induced by the use or production of hazardous substances. It also enables the development of fused-heterocyclic selenium and quinazolinone derivatives. Their fluorescent performance further demonstrates the practicability of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Liu
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Changting Wen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Guojin Sun
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yao Li
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zesi Wang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Mengyao She
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, The College of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, P. R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Shengyong Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jianli Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
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6
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Fan JQ, Yang Y, Tao CB, Li MB. Cadmium-Doped and Pincer Ligand-Modified Gold Nanocluster for Catalytic KA 2 Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215741. [PMID: 36478512 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A gold nanocluster Au17 Cd2 (PNP)2 (SR)12 (PNP=2,6-bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)pyridine, SR=4-MeOPhS) consisting of an icosahedral Au13 kernel, two Au2 CdS6 staple motifs, and two PNP pincer ligands has been designed, synthesized and well characterized. This cadmium and PNP pincer ligand co-modified gold nanocluster showed high catalytic efficiency in the KA2 reaction, featuring high TON, mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope as well as catalyst recyclability. Comparison of the catalytic performance between Au17 Cd2 (PNP)2 (SR)12 and the structurally similar single cadmium (or PNP) modified gold nanoclusters demonstrates that the co-existence of the cadmium and PNP on the surface is crucial for the high catalytic activity of the gold nanocluster. This work would be enlightening for developing efficient catalysts for cascade reactions and discovering the catalytic potential of metal nanoclusters in organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Qiang Fan
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, Anhui, 237015, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Bo Tao
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Man-Bo Li
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
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7
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Zhang TS, Fei W, Li N, Zhang Y, Xu C, Luo Q, Li MB. Open Nitrogen Site-Induced Kinetic Resolution and Catalysis of a Gold Nanocluster. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:235-242. [PMID: 36574348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The emerging metal nanocluster provides a platform for the investigation of structural features, unique properties, and structure-property correlation of nanomaterials at the atomic level. Construction of open sites on the surface of the metal nanocluster is a long-pursued but challenging goal. Herein, we realized the construction of "open organic sites" in a metal nanocluster for the first time. Specifically, we introduce the PNP (2,6-bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)pyridine) pincer ligand in the synthesis of the gold nanocluster, enabling the construction of a structurally precise Au8(PNP)4 nanocluster. The rigidity and the unique bonding mode of PNP lead to open nitrogen sites on the surface of the Au8(PNP)4 nanocluster, which have been utilized as multifunctional sites in this work for efficient kinetic resolution and catalysis. The gold pincer nanocluster and the open nitrogen site-induced performance will be enlightening for the construction of multifunctional metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Song Zhang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Fei
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Chang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Qiquan Luo
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Man-Bo Li
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
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8
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Chen J, Han J, Zhang J, Li L, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Jiang Y. Rhodium/Amine Dual Catalytic System for Reassembling C≡C Bonds of Conjugated Alkynes with Cyclopropenes via Cutting/Insertion Cascade. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jiabin Han
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ling Li
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yaojia Jiang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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9
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Wang T, Shi H, Yu Z, Liu T. Theoretical insight into the mechanism of palladium-catalyzed oxidative cascade reaction of phenylacetylene and allenes with different assisting groups. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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10
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Zuo B, Shao H, Zheng Y, Ma Y, Li W, Huang M, Deng Q. The Core‐Shell Magnetic Mesoporous Microspheres Immobilized NHC‐Palladacycles: An Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of Pharmaceutical Synthesis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zuo
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology School of Materials and Chemistry No. 334 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, P.R. China 200093 Shanghai CHINA
| | - Han Shao
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology School of Materials and Chemistry Shanghai 200093, China. Shanghai CHINA
| | - Yan Zheng
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology School of Materials and Chemistry Shanghai 200093, China. Shanghai CHINA
| | - Yunhua Ma
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology School of Materials and Chemistry Shanghai 200093, China. Shanghai CHINA
| | - Wanfang Li
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology School of Materials and Chemistry Shanghai 200093, China. Shanghai CHINA
| | - Mingxian Huang
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology School of Materials and Chemistry Shanghai 200093, China. Shanghai CHINA
| | - Qinyue Deng
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology School of Materials and Chemistry No. 334 Jungong Road 200093 Shanghai CHINA
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11
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Zhao Y, Xu X, Xu C, Meng D, Liang X, Qiu J. Amino-based covalent organic frameworks for a wide range of functional modification. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01776h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A versatile protocol for modification of amino-based COFs with desired functionalities was developed via transforming the unreachable amino groups into imine, thiourea, amide and azo-based functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xianhui Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Chang Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Deyuan Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Liang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Jikuan Qiu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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12
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Xie F, Sun Y, Song H, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Duan Y, Chen R. Cascade Reaction of 2-Naphthols and Azirines: One-Pot Synthesis of C-3 Naphthol-Substituted Benzo[ e]indoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15631-15639. [PMID: 34643381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed annulation of 3-aryl-2H-azirines with 2-naphthols has been developed for the rapid assembly of C-3-naphthol-substituted benzo[e]indoles in one pot. This cascade reaction was realized through dearomatic nucleophilic ring opening of azirine, intramolecular cyclization, and oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling to furnish the important unreported π-expanded naphthol/benzo[e]indole biaryls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Yajun Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Hanghang Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Zengpeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Yue Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Rao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
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13
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Abstract
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Palladium-catalyzed oxidations involving cascade processes provide
a versatile platform for streamlined conversion of simple feedstocks
into functional molecules with high atom and step economy. However,
the achievement of high palladium efficiency and selectivity in Pd-catalyzed
oxidative cascade reactions is still challenging in many cases, as
a result of the aggregation of active palladium species to Pd black
and the possible side reactions during each bond-forming step. The
two current solutions for addressing these issues are either to utilize
oxidant-stable ligands or to use electron transfer mediators (ETMs).
The former solution, which includes the use of amines, pyridines,
sulfoxides, and carbene derivatives, inhibits aggregation of Pd0 during the catalytic cycle, while the latter solution facilitates
reoxidation of Pd0 to PdII to improve the activity
and selectivity. Following our long-standing interest in Pd-catalyzed
oxidations, very recently we developed heterogeneous catalysts to
resolve the issues mentioned above in oxidative cascade reactions.
The heterogeneous palladium catalysts (Pd-AmP-MCF or Pd-AmP-CNC) comprise
palladium nanoclusters (1–2 nm) immobilized on amino-functionalized
siliceous mesocellular foam (MCF) or on crystalline nanocellulose
(CNC), exhibiting high activity, selectivity as well as excellent
recycling ability. In this Account, we will discuss the synthesis
and characterizations
of the heterogeneous palladium catalysts, as well as their catalytic
behaviors, and the mechanisms involved in their reactions. An important
aspect of these catalysts in oxidation reactions is the generation
of active Pd(II) species within the heterogeneous phase. Typical oxidative
cascade reactions of our recent research on this topic include oxidative
carbocyclization-carbonylation, oxidative carbocyclization-borylation,
oxidative alkynylation-cyclization, oxidative carbonylation-cyclization,
and oxidative carbocyclization-alkynylation. These reactions provide
access to important compounds attractive in medicinal chemistry and
functional materials, such as γ-lactone/γ-lactam-based
poly rings, cyclobutenols, highly substituted furans, and oxaboroles.
During these processes, the heterogeneous catalysts exhibited much
higher turnover numbers (TONs) than their homogeneous counterparts
(e.g., Pd(OAc)2) as well as unique selectivity that cannot
be achieved by homogeneous palladium catalysts. The origin of the
high efficiency and unique selectivity of the heterogeneous catalysts
was also investigated. Asymmetric syntheses for the construction of
optically pure compounds were realized based on the excellent selectivity
in these heterogeneous processes. Kinetic studies revealed that the
rate and yield of the reactions were essentially maintained during
recycling, which demonstrates that Pd-AmP-MCF and Pd-AmP-CNC are robust
and highly active in these oxidative cascade reactions. In addition,
inductively coupled plasma optical emisson spectroscopy (ICP-OES)
analysis and hot filtration test suggest that these processes most
likely proceed via a heterogeneous pathway. Recent progress
in our group has shown that the activity of Pd-AmP-MCF
and Pd-AmP-CNC could be improved even further by the addition of Ag+ to generate cationic Pd(II). Furthermore, intriguing solvent
effects were observed in a Pd-AmP-MCF-catalyzed oxidative cascade
process, and solvent-controlled chemoselective transformations were
developed based on this property of the catalyst. The heterogeneous
strategy of this Account provides solutions to palladium deactivation
and selectivity issues in Pd(II)-catalyzed oxidative cascade reactions
and enables efficient catalyst recycling, which will open up new opportunities
in oxidative cascade reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Bo Li
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Jan-E. Bäckvall
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, SE-85170 Sundsvall, Sweden
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14
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Alonso JM, Almendros P. Deciphering the Chameleonic Chemistry of Allenols: Breaking the Taboo of a Onetime Esoteric Functionality. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4193-4252. [PMID: 33630581 PMCID: PMC8479864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The allene functionality has participated in one of the most exciting voyages in organic chemistry, from chemical curiosities to a recurring building block in modern organic chemistry. In the last decades, a special kind of allene, namely, allenol, has emerged. Allenols, formed by an allene moiety and a hydroxyl functional group with diverse connectivity, have become common building blocks for the synthesis of a wide range of structures and frequent motif in naturally occurring systems. The synergistic effect of the allene and hydroxyl functional groups enables allenols to be considered as a unique and sole functionality exhibiting a special reactivity. This Review summarizes the most significant contributions to the chemistry of allenols that appeared during the past decade, with emphasis on their synthesis, reactivity, and occurrence in natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Alonso
- Grupo
de Lactamas y Heterociclos Bioactivos, Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Almendros
- Instituto
de Química Orgánica General, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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