1
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Lan L, Xu K, Zeng C. The merger of electro-reduction and hydrogen bonding activation for a radical Smiles rearrangement. Chem Sci 2024; 15:13459-13465. [PMID: 39183920 PMCID: PMC11339951 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02821j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The reductive activation of chemical bonds at less negative potentials provides a foundation for high functional group tolerance and selectivity, and it is one of the central topics in organic electrosynthesis. Along this line, we report the design of a dual-activation mode by merging electro-reduction with hydrogen bonding activation. As a proof of principle, the reduction potential of N-phenylpropiolamide was shifted positively by 218 mV. Enabled by this strategy, the radical Smiles rearrangement of N-arylpropiolamides without external radical precursors and prefunctionalization steps was accomplished. [DBU][HOAc], a readily accessible ionic liquid, was exploited for the first time both as a hydrogen bonding donor and as a supporting electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Lan
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Kun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Chengchu Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
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2
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Luo Z, Zhang X, Li Z, Luo M, Zeng X. Mild ketyl radical generation and coupling with alkynes enabled by Cr catalysis: stereoselective access to E-exocyclic allyl alcohols. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11428-11434. [PMID: 39054998 PMCID: PMC11268464 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02967d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The mild catalytic generation of ketyl radicals for organic transformations remains an unsolved issue, although it facilitates the discovery of metal-catalyzed reactions with the features of high functional group tolerance. Here, we report the generation of the ketyl radicals and coupling with alkynes that was enabled by cost-effective chromium catalysis, allowing for the formation of valuable E-exocyclic allyl alcohols with high stereo- and chemoselectivity. A broad range of synthetically useful functional groups that are sensitive to strong reductants are compatible with the catalytic system, providing access to diverse substituted E-exocyclic allyl alcohols under mild conditions. Appended hydroxyl groups in products are facilely late-stage functionalized in accessing numerous derivatives, as well as the enantio-enrichment of exocyclic allyl alcohol using chiral ligands. Mechanistic studies suggest that bipyridine-ligated Cr(ii) complex serves as a reactive catalyst enabling the generation of the ketyl radical for coupling, giving vinyl radical, followed by the combination of Cr and transmetalation with Cp2ZrCl moiety in affording oxazirconiumacycle. This reaction provides a new opportunity for the mild formation of transient ketyl radicals from widely accessible aliphatic aldehydes for coupling with Earth-abundant metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Zaiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Meiming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaoming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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3
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Liu ZR, Zhu XY, Guo JF, Ma C, Zuo Z, Mei TS. Synergistic use of photocatalysis and convergent paired electrolysis for nickel-catalyzed arylation of cyclic alcohols. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1866-1874. [PMID: 38670850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The merging of transition metal catalysis with electrochemistry has become a powerful tool for organic synthesis because catalysts can govern the reactivity and selectivity. However, coupling catalysts with alkyl radical species generated by anodic oxidation remains challenging because of electrode passivation, dimerization, and overoxidation. In this study, we developed convergent paired electrolysis for the coupling of nickel catalysts with alkyl radicals derived from photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge-transfer of cyclic alcohols and iron catalysts, providing a practical method for site-specific and remote arylation of ketones. The synergistic use of photocatalysis with convergent paired electrolysis can provide alternative avenues for metal-catalyzed radical coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian-Feng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Tian-Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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4
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Zhang W, Jin D, Hu Y, Yin K, Zou Q, Tang L, Qian P. Electrochemically Enable N-Sulfenylation/Phosphinylation of Sulfoximines via Oxidative Dehydrocoupling Reaction. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6106-6116. [PMID: 38632856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemical oxidative cross-coupling strategy for the synthesis of N-sulfenylsulfoximines from sulfoximines and thiols was accomplished, giving diverse N-sulfenylsulfoximines in moderate to good yields. Moreover, this strategy can be extended to construct the N-P bond of N-phosphinylated sulfoximines. With electrons as reagents, the oxidative dehydrogenation cross-coupling reaction proceeds smoothly in the absence of traditional redox reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Biomass-Derived Functional Oligosaccharides Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, P. R. China
- Experimental and Training Management Center, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Jin
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Biomass-Derived Functional Oligosaccharides Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, P. R. China
| | - Yongkang Hu
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Biomass-Derived Functional Oligosaccharides Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, P. R. China
| | - Kun Yin
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Biomass-Derived Functional Oligosaccharides Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, P. R. China
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Quan Zou
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Biomass-Derived Functional Oligosaccharides Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, P. R. China
| | - Liang Tang
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Biomass-Derived Functional Oligosaccharides Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, P. R. China
| | - Peng Qian
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Biomass-Derived Functional Oligosaccharides Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, P. R. China
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5
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Qian P, Zhu D, Wang X, Sun Q, Zhang S. Electrochemical Benzylic C(sp 3)-H Imidation Enabled by Benzoic Acid Derived Radicals. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6395-6404. [PMID: 38621116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
We developed an electrochemical approach for benzylic C(sp3)-H imidation by virtue of the in situ generated oxygen-centered radicals (OCRs). The electrochemical imidation provides a complementary approach to giving distinct imide products compared with previous acyloxylation products. This protocol exhibits good site selectivity and broad substrate generality. Moreover, the utility of the OCR-mediated protocol was extended to the electrochemical oxidation of silane, and its robustness was also highlighted by the imidation of complex substrates, which would otherwise be inaccessible for previous approaches. A plausible reaction mechanism was proposed to rationalize the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qian
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Biomass-Derived, Functional Oligosaccharides Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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6
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Hou JC, Jiang J, Wen YC, Zeng YY, Lu YH, Wang JS, Ou LJ, He WM. Paired Electrolysis-Enabled Arylation of Quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6117-6125. [PMID: 38654588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The first paired electrolysis-enabled arylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones was achieved using cyanoarenes as the arylation reagents. A variety of 3-arylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with various important functional groups were obtained in moderate to good yields under metal- and chemical oxidant-free conditions. With a pair of reductive and oxidative processes occurring among the substrates and reaction intermediates, the power consumption can be dramatically reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Cheng Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yan-Cui Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yu-Han Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Li-Juan Ou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Wei-Min He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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7
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Zhang W, Zou Q, Wang Q, Jin D, Jiang S, Qian P. Electrocatalytic C-H/S-H Coupling of Amino Pyrazoles and Thiophenols: Synthesis of Amino Pyrazole Thioether Derivatives. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5434-5441. [PMID: 38581391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
A mild method for the C-H/S-H coupling of pyrazol-5-amines and thiophenols was developed via electrochemistry, giving diverse amino pyrazole thioether derivatives in 37-98% yields. This electrochemical reaction is sustainable and an atom-efficient approach with good functional group tolerance and scalability by avoiding metal and external chemical oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Biomass-derived Functional Oligosaccharides Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, P. R. China
- Experimental and Training Management Center, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, P. R. China
| | - Quan Zou
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Biomass-derived Functional Oligosaccharides Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Biomass-derived Functional Oligosaccharides Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Jin
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Biomass-derived Functional Oligosaccharides Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, P. R. China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Experimental and Training Management Center, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, P. R. China
| | - Peng Qian
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Biomass-derived Functional Oligosaccharides Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, P. R. China
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8
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Alfano A, Smyth M, Wharry S, Moody TS, Baumann M. Modular Synthesis of Benzoylpyridines Exploiting a Reductive Arylation Strategy. Org Lett 2024; 26:2847-2851. [PMID: 38133578 PMCID: PMC11020167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein we disclose a telescoped flow strategy to access electronically differentiated bisaryl ketones as potentially new and tunable photosensitizers containing both electron-rich benzene systems and electron-deficient pyridyl moieties. Our approach merges a light-driven (365 nm) and catalyst-free reductive arylation between aromatic aldehydes and cyanopyridines with a subsequent oxidation process. The addition of electron-donating and withdrawing substituents on the scaffold allowed effective modification of the absorbance of these compounds in the UV-vis region, while the continuous flow process affords high yields, short residence time, and high throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan Smyth
- Technology
Department, Almac Sciences, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Wharry
- Technology
Department, Almac Sciences, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas S. Moody
- Technology
Department, Almac Sciences, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
- Arran
Chemical Company, Monksland Industrial
Estate, Roscommon N37 DN24, Ireland
| | - Marcus Baumann
- School
of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Dublin 4, Ireland
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9
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Liang Y, Feng J, Li H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Fan W, Zhang S, Li MB. A Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst [Co 2O 2] Metallacycle Enables Regioselective Allene C(sp 2)-H Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400938. [PMID: 38329239 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Selective functionalization of allenic C(sp2)-H is an ideal approach to upgrading simple allenes to synthetically useful allenes, albeit suffering from challenges associated with inert reactivity and inferior selectivity. Inspired by energy chemistry, a catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) strategy was leveraged to selectively activate weakly acidic allene C(sp2)-H bonds in a reductive mode. An array of [Co2O2] metallacycle complexes were readily devised starting from amino acids, and they were demonstrated as robust HER catalysts, which would selectively break allenic C(sp2)-H bonds to release hydrogen. With the newly developed HER catalyst, regioselective electrochemical functionalization of allenic C(sp2)-H with alcoholic α C(sp3)-H was unprecedentedly achieved. This strategy features excellent regioselectivity, unconventional chemoselectivity, good functional-group tolerance (62 examples), and mild conditions. Mechanism experiments revealed a reactive hydroxy-coordinated cobalt(II) species in the reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also conducted to rationalize the regioselectivity observed in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Liang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Jiayi Feng
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Huilong Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Weigang Fan
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Man-Bo Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
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10
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Liu K, Lei M, Li X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Fan W, Li MB, Zhang S. Paired electrocatalysis unlocks cross-dehydrogenative coupling of C(sp 3)-H bonds using a pentacoordinated cobalt-salen catalyst. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2897. [PMID: 38575564 PMCID: PMC10995126 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cross-dehydrogenative coupling of C(sp3)-H bonds is an ideal approach for C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond construction. However, conventional approaches mainly rely on a single activation mode by either stoichiometric oxidants or electrochemical oxidation, which would lead to inferior selectivity in the reaction between similar C(sp3)-H bonds. Herein we describe our development of a paired electrocatalysis strategy to access an unconventional selectivity in the cross-dehydrogenative coupling of alcoholic α C(sp3)-H with allylic (or benzylic) C-H bonds, which combines hydrogen evolution reaction catalysis with hydride transfer catalysis. To maximize the synergistic effect of the catalyst combinations, a HER catalyst pentacoordinated Co-salen is disclosed. The catalyst displays a large redox-potential gap (1.98 V) and suitable redox potential. With the optimized catalyst combination, an electrochemical cross-dehydrogenative coupling protocol features unconventional chemoselectivity (C-C vs. C-O coupling), excellent functional group tolerance (84 examples), valuable byproduct (hydrogen), and high regio- and site-selectivity. A plausible reaction mechanism is also proposed to rationalize the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Mengna Lei
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Weigang Fan
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Man-Bo Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
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11
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Zou X, Lang Y, Han X, Zheng MW, Wang J, Li CJ, Zeng H. Visible-light-induced catalyst-free reductive coupling of aldehydes, ketones and imines with cyanopyridines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2926-2929. [PMID: 38372183 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00044g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This article introduces a reductive coupling driven by visible-light, facilitating the synthesis of pyridine-substituted alcohols and amines through the reaction of aldehydes, ketones and imines with cyanopyridines. Hantzsch esters serve as reductants in this process, eliminating the need for transition-metals or photosensitizers. The method demonstrates extensive compatibility and finds utility in the late-stage functionalization of both natural and pharmaceutical products, offering a sustainable pathway for the diversification of chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zou
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Yatao Lang
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Xinlong Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Ming-Wei Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Jiayuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Huiying Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
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12
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Chen H, Shen C, Dong K. Parallel Paired Photoelectrochemical Bromination of Alkylarenes with Electrochemical Pinacol Coupling. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2550-2555. [PMID: 38289158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
A paired electrochemical method for paralleling benzylic bromination of alkylarenes under irradiation with reductive pinacol coupling in a divided cell has been developed. A variety of benzyl bromides at the anode and pinacols at the cathode were obtained simultaneously in moderate-to-high faradaic efficiency. This parallel paired electrochemical protocol showed a broad substrate scope and high chemoselectivity as well as high synthetic and faradaic efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuai Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Chaoren Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Kaiwu Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
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13
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Wu S, Huang J, Kang L, Zhang Y, Yuan K. Transition-Metal-Free, Reductive Csp 2-Csp 3 Bond Constructions via Electrochemically Induced Alkyl Radicals. Org Lett 2024; 26:763-768. [PMID: 38227333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Construction of the Csp2-Csp3 bond without the aid of transition metal catalysts has been achieved by coupling the electrogenerated alkyl radicals with electron deficient (hetero)arenes in an undivided cell. Simultaneous cathodic reduction of both unactivated alkyl halides and cyanobenzenes under high potential enables radical-radical cross-coupling to deliver alkylarenes in the absence of transition metals. Depending on the coupling partner, the electrogenerated alkyl radicals can also proceed the Minisci-type reaction with N-heteroarenes without redox agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Wu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials & Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Lulu Kang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials & Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials & Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Kedong Yuan
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
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14
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Xiang F, Wang D, Xu K, Zeng CC. Paired Electrolysis Enabled Trifluoromethylheteroaromatization of Alkenes and Alkyne with Trifluoromethyl Thianthrenium Triflate (TT-CF 3+OTf -) as a Bifunctional Reagent. Org Lett 2024; 26:411-415. [PMID: 38147569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
We report a strategic exploitation of trifluoromethyl thianthrenium triflate (TT-CF3+OTf-) as both electromediator and CF3 radical precursors for paired electrolysis. Enabled by this strategy, the three-component trifluoromethylheteroaromatization of alkenes and alkynes was realized. The superiority of TT-CF3+OTf- to other electrophilic CF3 reagents is attributed to the cathodic generation of thianthrene (TT) as a mediator, which shifts the heterogeneous oxidation of interest to a homogeneous one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xiang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Dehui Wang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Cheng-Chu Zeng
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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15
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Shukla G, Singh M, Kumar Yadav A, Shankar Singh M. Aromatic C(sp 2 )-H Functionalization by Consecutive Paired Electrolysis: Dibromination of Aryl Amines with Dibromoethane at Room Temperature. Chemistry 2023:e202303179. [PMID: 38078727 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a facile and efficient electrochemical method for the dibromination of aryl amines by double functionalization of aromatic C(sp2 )-H (both para and ortho) under metal- and external oxidant-free conditions at room temperature for the first time. The reaction is demonstrated using 1,2-dibromoethane to dibrominate a wide range of N-substituted aryl amines in a simple setup with C(+)/Pt(-) electrodes under mild reaction conditions. This transformation proceeds smoothly with a broad substrate scope affording the valuable and versatile N-substituted 2,4-dibromoanilines in moderate to excellent yields with high regioselectivity. In this paired electrolysis, cathodic reduction of 1,2-DBE followed by anodic oxidation generates bromonium intermediates, which then couple with anilines to furnish the dibrominated products. It represents a distinctive approach to challenging redox-neutral reactions. The versatility of the electrochemical ortho-, para-dibromination was reflected by unique regioselectivities for challenging aryl amines and gram-scale electrosynthesis without the use of a stoichiometric oxidant or an activating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Malkeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anup Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Maya Shankar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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16
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Johnston B, Loh DM, Nocera DG. Substrate-Mediator Duality of 1,4-Dicyanobenzene in Electrochemical C(sp 2 )-C(sp 3 ) Bond Formation with Alkyl Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312128. [PMID: 37857567 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical approaches to form C(sp2 )-C(sp3 ) bonds have focused on coupling C(sp3 ) electrophiles that form stabilized carbon-centered radicals upon reduction or oxidation. Whereas alkyl bromides are desirable C(sp3 ) coupling partners owing to their availability and cost-effectiveness, their tendency to undergo radical-radical homocoupling makes them challenging substrates for electroreductive cross-coupling. Herein, we disclose a metal-free regioselective cross-coupling of 1,4-dicyanobenzene, a useful precursor to aromatic nitriles, and alkyl bromides. Alkyl bromide reduction is mediated directly by 1,4-dicyanobenzene radical anions, leading to negligible homocoupling and high cross-selectivity to form 1,4-alkyl cyanobenzenes. The cross-coupling scheme is compatible with oxidatively sensitive and acidic functional groups such as amines and alcohols, which have proven difficult to incorporate in alternative electrochemical approaches using carboxylic acids as C(sp3 ) precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Daniel M Loh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Daniel G Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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17
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Wang H, Liu R, Sun Q, Xu K. Direct alkylation of quinoxalinones with electron-deficient alkenes enabled by a sequential paired electrolysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12763-12766. [PMID: 37812023 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04356h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The metal-free alkylation of N-heterocycles with alkenes has remained a synthetic challenge. We report here the successful implementation of metal-free alkylation of quinoxalinones with electron-deficient alkenes enabled by a sequential paired electrolysis. This protocol provides a mechanistically distinct approach to prepare a variety of C-3 alkylated quinoxalinones that are otherwise quite difficult to synthesize by other means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Ruoyu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Kun Xu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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18
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Lan J, Yu W, You K, Xu M, Zhang B, Wang Y, Wang T, Luo J. Dehalogenative Arylation of Unactivated Alkyl Halides via Electroreduction. Org Lett 2023; 25:7434-7439. [PMID: 37768735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a facile and efficient dehalogenative arylation of unactivated alkyl halides enabled by electrochemical reductive coupling is developed, affording a series of C(sp2)-C(sp3) products in moderate to good yields. This protocol proceeds in the absence of transition metal catalysts and redox mediators. The reaction features mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and high tolerance of functional groups and is demonstrated to be applicable for gram-scale synthesis and late-stage functionalization of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Lan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Yu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Ke You
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Mengyu Xu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Yuanquan Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Jin Luo
- Analytical and Testing Center, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
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19
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Pan Z, Wang X, Zhao S, Deng H, Ma M, Xue F. Defluorinative Thiolation of gem-Difluoroalkenes by Convergent Paired Electrolysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:6143-6148. [PMID: 37585682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have successfully developed a convergent paired electrolysis strategy for the defluorinative thiolation process utilizing thiols and gem-difluoroalkenes as precursors. This protocol exhibits remarkable tolerance toward a wide range of functional groups, as exemplified by the successful late-stage defluorothiolation of complex molecules. Additionally, this strategy is amenable to gram-scale synthesis, making use of both anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction processes in an efficient manner. Several control studies were conducted and suggested a convergent paired electrolysis mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Pan
- Institute of Material Physics and Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, P. R. China
| | - Xiuqi Wang
- Institute of Material Physics and Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, P. R. China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, P. R. China
| | - Hongping Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Mengtao Ma
- Institute of Material Physics and Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xue
- Institute of Material Physics and Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, P. R. China
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20
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Zhang Y, Sun X, Su JH, Li T, Du C, Li K, Sun Q, Zha Z, Wang Z. Switchable Direct Oxygenative Arylation of C(sp 3)-H Bonds via Electrophotocatalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:5067-5072. [PMID: 37387463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free electrophotochemical C(sp3)-H arylation was developed under mild conditions. This method enables a switchable synthesis of diaryl alcohols and diaryl alkanes from inactive benzylic carbons. More importantly, a cheap and safe mediator N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) was developed, which was employed for the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process of the benzylic C-H bond. In addition, this active radical was captured and identified by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ji-Hu Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Tong Li
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chengbin Du
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kuiliang Li
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhenggen Zha
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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21
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Zhang S, Liang Y, Liu K, Zhan X, Fan W, Li MB, Findlater M. Electrochemically Generated Carbanions Enable Isomerizing Allylation and Allenylation of Aldehydes with Alkenes and Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37318054 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The direct coupling of aldehydes with petrochemical feedstock alkenes and alkynes would represent a practical and streamlined approach for allylation and allenylation chemistry. However, conventional approaches commonly require preactivated substrates or strong bases to generate allylic or propargylic carbanions and only afford branched allylation or propargylation products. Developing a mild and selective approach to access synthetically useful linear allylation and allenylation products is highly desirable, albeit with formidable challenges. We report a strategy using hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to generate a carbanion from weakly acidic sp3 C-H bonds (pKa ∼ 35-40) under mild reaction conditions, obviating the use of strong bases, Schlenk techniques, and multistep procedures. The cathodically generated carbanion reverses the typical reaction selectivity to afford unconventional isomerizing allylation and allenylation products (125 examples). The generation of carbanions was monitored and identified by in situ ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroelectrochemistry. Furthermore, we extended this protocol to the generation of other carbanions and their application in coupling reactions between alcohols with carbanions. The appealing features of this approach include mild reaction conditions, excellent functional group tolerance, unconventional chemo- and regioselectivity, and the diverse utility of products, which includes offering direct access to diene luminophores and bioactive scaffolds. We also performed cyclic voltammetry, control experiments, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to rationalize the observed reaction selectivity and mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Yating Liang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xuan Zhan
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Weigang Fan
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Man-Bo Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Michael Findlater
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
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22
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Wang X, Yang R, Zhu B, Liu Y, Song H, Dong J, Wang Q. Direct allylic acylation via cross-coupling involving cooperative N‑heterocyclic carbene, hydrogen atom transfer, and photoredox catalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2951. [PMID: 37221185 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a mild, operationally simple, multicatalytic method for the synthesis of β,γ-unsaturated ketones via allylic acylation of alkenes. Specifically, the method combines N‑heterocyclic carbene catalysis, hydrogen atom transfer catalysis, and photoredox catalysis for cross-coupling reactions between a wide range of feedstock carboxylic acids and readily available olefins to afford structurally diverse β,γ-unsaturated ketones without olefin transposition. The method could be used to install acyl groups on highly functionalized natural-product-derived compounds with no need for substrate pre-activation, and C-H functionalization proceed with excellent site selectivity. To demonstrate the potential applications of the method, we convert a representative coupling product into various useful olefin synthons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Binbing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
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23
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Xiong Z, Nie H, Zhang S, Hu M, Qin C, Wang S, Ji F, Jiang G. Electrochemically Driven Selective Removal of the S═N Bond-Directing Group Using Cyclohexanone Oxime as the Mediator. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4334-4344. [PMID: 36922910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
An inexpensive electrochemical induction system was used for the efficient reductive defunctionalization of sulfoximines through a radical pathway. This practical and robust strategy could be used for the removal of the S═N bond-directing group from various sulfoximines. The practicability of this method was demonstrated by its mild conditions, simple operation, one-pot procedure, gram-scale synthesis, and the undivided cell. Furthermore, preliminary mechanistic studies suggested that the reaction might proceed via a homocoupling reaction and a denitrification procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Xiong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Nie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiqian Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoucai Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanghua Ji
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangbin Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
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24
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Yao W, Lv K, Xie Z, Qiu H, Ma M. Catalyst-Free Electrochemical Sulfonylation of Organoboronic Acids. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2296-2305. [PMID: 36727513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple and efficient electrochemical sulfonylation of organoboronic acids with sodium arylsulfinate salts has been reported for the first time. A variety of aryl, heteroaryl, and alkenylsulfones were obtained in good to excellent yields via a simple electrochemical sulfonylation of various arylboronic acids, heterocyclic boronic acids, or alkenylboronic acids with sodium arylsulfinate at room temperature in 5 h under the catalyst-free and additive-free conditions. A plausible mechanism has been proposed based on various radical-trapping and CV control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kang Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zixi Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mengtao Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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25
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Wang XW, Li RX, Deng Y, Fu MQH, Zhao YN, Guan Z, He YH. Direct Hydroxylarylation of Benzylic Carbons (sp 3/sp 2/sp) via Radical-Radical Cross-Coupling Powered by Paired Electrolysis. J Org Chem 2023; 88:329-340. [PMID: 36563045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diaryl alcohol moieties are widespread in pharmaceuticals. Existing methods for the synthesis of diaryl alcohols require the use of pre-functionalized benzylic alcohols, aromatic aldehydes, or ketones as starting materials. Herein, the first convergent paired electrochemical approach to the direct hydroxylarylation of unactivated benzylic carbons (sp3/sp2/sp) is proposed. This protocol features direct functionalization of unactivated benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds and benzylic sp2/sp-carbons, mild conditions (open air, room temperature), an environmentally friendly procedure (without any external catalyst/mediator/additive), and direct access to sterically hindered alcohols from inexpensive and readily available alkyl/alkenyl/alkynylbenzenes. Mechanistic studies, including divided-cell experiments, isotope labeling, radical trapping, electron paramagnetic resonance, reaction kinetics, and cyclic voltammetry, strongly support the proposed radical-radical cross-coupling between transient ketyl radicals and persistent radical anions. Gram-scale synthesis and diversification of drug derivatives have visualized the tremendous potential of this protocol for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rui-Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ming-Qiu-Hao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhao
- Analytical and Testing Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan-Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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26
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The synergism of sequential paired electrosynthesis with halogen bonding activation for the cyclization of organochlorides with olefins. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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27
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Zhong W, Huang W, Ruan S, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Xie S. Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO 2 Coupled with Organic Conversion to Selectively Synthesize High-Value Chemicals. Chemistry 2022; 29:e202203228. [PMID: 36454216 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical process of coupling electrocatalytic CO2 reduction and organic conversion reaction can effectively reduce the reaction overpotential and obtain value-added chemicals. Moreover, because of the diversity of substrates and the designability of coupling forms, more and more attention has been paid to this field. This review systematically summarizes the research progress of coupling electrolysis in recent years, (1) co-electrolysis of CO2 and organics at the cathode to obtain specific products with high selectivity, (2) replacing traditional anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with other valuable oxidation reactions to improve energy utilization efficiency and economic benefits of CO2 conversion, (3) in an electrolytic cell without membrane, the cathode and anode jointly transform CO2 and organics to redox products. We hope that the examples and insights on coupling electrolysis introduced in this review can inspire researchers to further explore and innovate in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols Ethers and Esters College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols Ethers and Esters College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Sunhong Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols Ethers and Esters College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols Ethers and Esters College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols Ethers and Esters College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, P. R. China.,Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Shunji Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols Ethers and Esters College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, P. R. China.,Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
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28
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Liu D, Liu ZR, Wang ZH, Ma C, Herbert S, Schirok H, Mei TS. Paired electrolysis-enabled nickel-catalyzed enantioselective reductive cross-coupling between α-chloroesters and aryl bromides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7318. [PMID: 36443306 PMCID: PMC9705544 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical asymmetric catalysis has emerged as a sustainable and promising approach to the production of chiral compounds and the utilization of both the anode and cathode as working electrodes would provide a unique approach for organic synthesis. However, precise matching of the rate and electric potential of anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction make such idealized electrolysis difficult to achieve. Herein, asymmetric cross-coupling between α-chloroesters and aryl bromides is probed as a model reaction, wherein alkyl radicals are generated from the α-chloroesters through a sequential oxidative electron transfer process at the anode, while the nickel catalyst is reduced to a lower oxidation state at the cathode. Radical clock studies, cyclic voltammetry analysis, and electron paramagnetic resonance experiments support the synergistic involvement of anodic and cathodic redox events. This electrolytic method provides an alternative avenue for asymmetric catalysis that could find significant utility in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Simon Herbert
- Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Bayer AG, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schirok
- Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Bayer AG, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tian-Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China.
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29
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Pathania V, Roy VJ, Roy SR. Transforming Non-innocent Phenalenyl to a Potent Photoreductant: Captivating Reductive Functionalization of Aryl Halides through Visible-Light-Induced Electron Transfer Processes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16550-16566. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishali Pathania
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vishal Jyoti Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sudipta Raha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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30
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Ali T, Wang H, Iqbal W, Bashir T, Shah R, Hu Y. Electro-Synthesis of Organic Compounds with Heterogeneous Catalysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 10:e2205077. [PMID: 36398622 PMCID: PMC9811472 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electro-organic synthesis has attracted a lot of attention in pharmaceutical science, medicinal chemistry, and future industrial applications in energy storage and conversion. To date, there has not been a detailed review on electro-organic synthesis with the strategy of heterogeneous catalysis. In this review, the most recent advances in synthesizing value-added chemicals by heterogeneous catalysis are summarized. An overview of electrocatalytic oxidation and reduction processes as well as paired electrocatalysis is provided, and the anodic oxidation of alcohols (monohydric and polyhydric), aldehydes, and amines are discussed. This review also provides in-depth insight into the cathodic reduction of carboxylates, carbon dioxide, CC, C≡C, and reductive coupling reactions. Moreover, the electrocatalytic paired electro-synthesis methods, including parallel paired, sequential divergent paired, and convergent paired electrolysis, are summarized. Additionally, the strategies developed to achieve high electrosynthesis efficiency and the associated challenges are also addressed. It is believed that electro-organic synthesis is a promising direction of organic electrochemistry, offering numerous opportunities to develop new organic reaction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Ali
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua321004China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua321004China
| | - Waseem Iqbal
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie ChimicheUniversità della CalabriaRendeCS87036Italy
| | - Tariq Bashir
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy TechnologiesSoochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
| | - Rahim Shah
- Institute of Chemical SciencesUniversity of SwatSwatKhyber Pakhtunkhwa19130Pakistan
| | - Yong Hu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua321004China
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced StudiesZhejiang Normal UniversityHangzhou311231China
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31
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Electrochemical conversion of furfural to furoic acid: a more stable, efficient and energy-saving system. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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32
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Xue P, Li L, Fu N. Pairing Iron and Nickel Catalysis for Electrochemical Esterification of Aryl Halides with Carbazates. Org Lett 2022; 24:7595-7599. [PMID: 36201293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report an electrocatalytic approach for esterification of aryl halides by pairing iron and nickel electrocatalysis. The reaction involves anodically iron-catalyzed oxidation of carbazates to produce alkoxycarbonyl radicals. The carbon-centered radicals then enter nickel catalysis that is powered by cathodic reduction to deliver the radical coupling products. Mechanistic data are consistent with arylnickel(II) species as the key intermediates enabling the desired carbon-carbon bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Liubo Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Niankai Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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33
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Qiu H, Lv K, Qu H, Zhang X, Yuan T, Yao W, Xue F, Ma M. Chemoselective electrocatalytic hydroboration of alkynes with pinacolborane. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Zeng WM, He YH, Guan Z. Direct Reductive Arylation of Imines with Electron-Deficient (Hetero) Arenes via Electrosynthesis to Access Benzylic Amines. Org Lett 2022; 24:7178-7182. [PMID: 36148976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a direct access to benzylic amines from imines and electron-deficient (hetero) arenes via electrochemical radical-radical cross-coupling is described. The reaction has the characteristics of the wide range of substrates, excellent functional group tolerance, metal-free and highly atom-economical. The insensitivity to air and moisture makes this synthetic strategy more efficient for the construction of various benzylic amine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Mei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan-Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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35
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Kumar GS, Shinde PS, Chen H, Muralirajan K, Kancherla R, Rueping M. Paired Electrolysis for Decarboxylative Cyanation: 4-CN-Pyridine, a Versatile Nitrile Source. Org Lett 2022; 24:6357-6363. [PMID: 36036921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A decarboxylative cyanation of amino acids under paired electrochemical reaction conditions has been developed. 4-CN-pyridine was found to be a new and effective cyanation reagent under catalyst-free conditions. Mechanistic studies support a nucleophilic reaction pathway, and the cyanation protocol can be applied to diverse substrates including N,N-dialkyl aniline and indole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadde Sathish Kumar
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant S Shinde
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifeng Chen
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishnamoorthy Muralirajan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Kancherla
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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36
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Zhu C, Lee S, Chen H, Yue H, Rueping M. Reductive Cross‐Coupling of α‐Oxy Halides Enabled by Thermal Catalysis, Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis, or Mechanochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204212. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Shao‐Chi Lee
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifeng Chen
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Huifeng Yue
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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37
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Zhang S, Findlater M. Progress in Convergent Paired Electrolysis. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201152. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
| | - Michael Findlater
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Merced CA 95343 USA
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38
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Abstract
In the manuscript, reductive and decarboxylative azaarylation of coumarin-3-carboxylic acids is described. It utilizes the photocatalytic activation of (cyano)azaarenes in the presence of fac-Ir(ppy)3 as a photocatalyst. The methodology is versatile and provides access to biologically relevant 4-substituted-chroman-2-ones. Visible light, photoredox catalyst, base, anhydrous solvent, and inert atmosphere constitute key parameters for the success of the described strategy. The developed methodology involves a wide range of coumarin-3-carboxylic acids as well as (cyano)azaarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Kowalska
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, Łódź 90-924, Poland
| | - Angelika Artelska
- Institute
of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University
of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, Łódź 90-924, Poland
| | - Anna Albrecht
- Institute
of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, Łódź 90-924, Poland
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39
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Chen Z, Lv K, Yuan T, Zhang X, Yao W, Ma M. Electrochemical hydroboration of carbonyl compounds. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:11868-11875. [PMID: 35876237 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01841a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A green and sustainable electrochemical hydroboration of carbonyl compounds with HBpin has been reported for the first time. Under catalyst-free and additive-free mild reaction conditions the corresponding boronic esters were obtained in excellent yields via the simple electrochemical hydroboration of various aldehydes and ketones with HBpin at room temperature. The scale-up reaction demonstrated potential practical applications. A plausible reaction mechanism was proposed based on the corresponding deuterium-labelling, radical inhibition and cyclic voltammetry experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Kang Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Taoyue Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xuguang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Weiwei Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Mengtao Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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40
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Tan Z, Xiang F, Xu K, Zeng C. Electrochemical Organoselenium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroazolylation of Alkenes with Low Catalyst Loadings. Org Lett 2022; 24:5345-5350. [PMID: 35852836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The organoselenium-catalyzed amination of alkenes is a promising way to construct functionalized amines. However, the use of chemical oxidants and the unavoidable formation of allylic amine or enamine are the two main limitations of these methodologies. Against this background, we herein report an electro-selenocatalytic regime for the hydroazolylation of alkenes with azoles under external oxidant-free conditions with low catalyst loadings. Moreover, this protocol enables the generation of amines without vinyl substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoumei Tan
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Fang Xiang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Chengchu Zeng
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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41
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Zhu C, Lee S, Chen H, Yue H, Rueping M. Reductive Cross‐Coupling of α‐Oxy Halides Enabled by Thermal Catalysis, Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis, or Mechanochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Shao‐Chi Lee
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifeng Chen
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Huifeng Yue
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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42
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Chen D, Yu X, Qin Y, Liao ZY, Li T, Guo FF, Song KX, Yu RL, Xia YM, Gao WW. Electrochemical detection of DNA damage caused by novel potential 2-nitroimidazole naphthalimide-based hypoxia tumor-targeting agent with mimimum side effects. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Jiang HL, Yang YH, He YH, Guan Z. Visible-Light-Catalyzed Radical-Radical Cross-Coupling Reaction of Benzyl Trifluoroborates and Carbonyl Compounds to Sterically Hindered Alcohols. Org Lett 2022; 24:4258-4263. [PMID: 35666163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report here an organic dye catalyzed direct radical-radical cross-coupling reaction based on the persistent free-radical effect (PRE), which is powered by visible light and does not require any external oxidants or reductants. In this reaction, benzyl trifluoroborates are oxidized by excited-state 4Cz-IPN to generate benzyl radicals, and the resulting boron trifluoride acts as a Lewis acid to reduce the reduction potential of carbonyl compounds. The dual roles of benzyl trifluoroborates enable aldehydes, ketones, diketones, and ketone esters to react with benzyl trifluoroborates to generate various sterically hindered alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Luo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu-Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan-Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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44
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Zhang S, Perveen S, Ouyang Y, Xu L, Yu T, Zhao M, Wang L, Song P, Li P. Design and Synthesis of Tunable Chiral 2,2'-Bipyridine Ligands: Application to the Enantioselective Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Arylation of Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117843. [PMID: 35174597 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new class of chiral 2,2'-bipyridine ligands, SBpy, featuring minimized short-range steric hindrance and structural tunability was rationally designed and developed, and the effectiveness was demonstrated in the first highly enantioselective Ni-catalyzed addition of aryl halides to aldehydes. In comparison with known approaches using preformed aryl metallic reagents, this reaction is more step-economical and functional group tolerant. The reaction mechanism and a model of stereocontrol were proposed based on experimental and computational results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Saima Perveen
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yizhao Ouyang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Linghua Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Peidong Song
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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45
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Tang L, Jiang S, Huang X, Song Z, Wang JB, Ma M, Chen B, Ma Y. Cascade of C(sp 2)-H Addition to Carbonyl and C(sp 2)-CN/C(sp 2)-H Coupling Enabled by Brønsted Acid: Construction of Benzo[ a]carbazole Frameworks. Org Lett 2022; 24:3232-3237. [PMID: 35475641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report an unprecedented cascade reaction of C(sp2)-H addition to carbonyl and the C(sp2)-CN/C(sp2)-H coupling of 2-(2-oxo-2-arylethyl)benzonitriles with indoles enabled by commercially available TsOH·H2O. The protocol represents the first metal-free C(sp2)-CN/C(sp2)-H coupling, affording a new route for the synthesis of various benzo[a]carbazole derivatives with a broad substrate scope, high yields, and simple conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
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46
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Claraz A, Masson G. Recent Advances in C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) and C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) Bond Formation through Cathodic Reactions: Reductive and Convergent Paired Electrolyses. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2022; 2:126-147. [PMID: 36855458 PMCID: PMC9954344 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.1c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The formation of C(sp3)-C(sp3) and C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds is one of the major research goals of synthetic chemists. Electrochemistry is commonly considered to be an appealing means to drive redox reactions in a safe and sustainable fashion and has been utilized for C-C bond-forming reactions. Compared to anodic oxidative methods, which have been extensively explored, cathodic processes are much less investigated, whereas it can pave the way to alternative retrosynthetic disconnections of target molecules and to the discovery of new transformations. This review provides an overview on the recent achievements in the construction of C(sp3)-C(sp3) and C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds via cathodic reactions since 2017. It includes electrochemical reductions and convergent paired electrolyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Claraz
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av. de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 Cedex, France
| | - Géraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av. de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 Cedex, France
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47
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Tan Z, He X, Xu K, Zeng C. Electrophotocatalytic C-H Functionalization of N-Heteroarenes with Unactivated Alkanes under External Oxidant-Free Conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102360. [PMID: 34967138 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Minisci alkylation of N-heteroarenes with unactivated alkanes under external oxidant-free conditions provides an economically attractive route to access alkylated N-heteroarenes but remains underdeveloped. Herein, a new electrophotocatalytic strategy to access alkyl radicals from strong C(sp3 )-H bonds was reported for the following Minisci alkylation reactions in the absence of chemical oxidants. This strategy realized the first example of cerium-catalyzed Minisci alkylation reaction directly from abundant unactivated alkanes with excellent atom economy. It is anticipated that the general design principle would enrich catalytic strategies to explore the functionalizations of strong C(sp3 )-H bonds under external oxidant-free conditions with H2 evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoumei Tan
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P.R. China
| | - Xinrui He
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P.R. China
| | - Kun Xu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P.R. China
| | - Chengchu Zeng
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P.R. China
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48
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Zhang S, Perveen S, Ouyang Y, Xu L, Yu T, Zhao M, Wang L, Song P, Li P. Design and Synthesis of Tunable Chiral 2,2′‐Bipyridine Ligands: Application to the Enantioselective Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Arylation of Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Saima Perveen
- School of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Yizhao Ouyang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan Shihezi University Shihezi 832003 China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Min Zhao
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Linghua Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Peidong Song
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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49
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Wang X, Zhu B, Liu Y, Wang Q. Combined Photoredox and Carbene Catalysis for the Synthesis of α-Amino Ketones from Carboxylic Acids. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binbing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
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50
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Huang HM, Bellotti P, Erchinger JE, Paulisch TO, Glorius F. Radical Carbonyl Umpolung Arylation via Dual Nickel Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1899-1909. [PMID: 35041782 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The formation of carbon-carbon bonds lies at the heart of synthetic organic chemistry and is widely applied to construct complex drugs, polymers, and materials. Despite its importance, catalytic carbonyl arylation remains comparatively underdeveloped, due to limited scope and functional group tolerance. Herein we disclose an umpolung strategy to achieve radical carbonyl arylation via dual catalysis. This redox-neutral approach provides a complementary method to construct Grignard-type products from (hetero)aryl bromides and aliphatic aldehydes, without the need for pre-functionalization. A sequential activation, hydrogen-atom transfer, and halogen atom transfer process could directly convert aldehydes to the corresponding ketyl-type radicals, which further react with aryl-nickel intermediates in an overall polarity-reversal process. This radical strategy tolerates─among others─acidic functional groups, heteroaryl motifs, and sterically hindered substrates and has been applied in the late-stage modification of drugs and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ming Huang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes E Erchinger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tiffany O Paulisch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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