1
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Su Z, Tan B, Li Z, Huang H, Zhang Y. Palladium/Amine Dual-Catalyzed Tsuji-Trost Fluoroallylation of Aldehydes with gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2024; 26:5375-5379. [PMID: 38864753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
We herein disclose the Pd/amine dual-catalyzed ring-opening cross-coupling reaction between gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes (gem-F2CPs) with aldehydes, which enables the diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) of 2-fluoroallylic aldehydes bearing all-carbon quaternary centers with features of broad scope and excellent functional group tolerance. The synthetic value of this Tsuji-Trost system was further demonstrated by late-stage functionalization of natural product-derived gem-F2CPs and the diverse synthesis of various fluoroallylic aldehyde derivatives, including alcohol, alkyne, alkene, and amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Su
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Binhong Tan
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaodong Li
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Huicai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, China
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2
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Su Z, Tan B, He H, Chen K, Chen S, Lei H, Chen TG, Ni SF, Li Z. Enantioselective Tsuji-Trost α-Fluoroallylation of Amino Acid Esters with Gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402038. [PMID: 38412055 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
A novel enantioselective Tsuji-Trost-type cross coupling reaction between gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes and N-unprotected amino acid esters enabled by synergistic Pd/Ni/chiral aldehyde catalysis is presented herein. This transformation streamlined the diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) of optically active α-quaternary α-amino acid esters bearing a linear 2-fluoroallylic motif, which served as an appealing platform for the construction of other valuable enantioenriched compounds. The key intermediates were confirmed by HRMS detection, while DFT calculations revealed that the excellent enantioselectivity was attributed to the stabilizing non-covalent interactions between the Pd(II)-π-fluoroallyl species and the Ni(II)-Schiff base complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Su
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Binhong Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaifeng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shixin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Tie-Gen Chen
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, 528400, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaodong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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3
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Yuan F, Qi X, Zhao Y, Jia J, Yan X, Hu F, Xia Y. Diversified Synthesis of Chiral Fluorinated Cyclobutane Derivatives Enabled by Regio- and Enantioselective Hydroboration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401451. [PMID: 38563752 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The diversified synthesis of chiral fluorinated cyclobutane derivatives has remained a difficult task in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we present an approach for asymmetric hydroboration and formal hydrodefluorination of gem-difluorinated cyclobutenes through rhodium catalysis, providing chiral gem-difluorinated α-boryl cyclobutanes and monofluorinated cyclobutenes with excellent regio- and enantioselectivity, respectively. The key to the success of the two transformations relies on an efficient, mild and highly selective rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydroboration with HBPin (pinacolborane), in which the subsequent addition of a base, and a catalytic amount of palladium in some cases, results in the formation of formal hydrodefluorination products with the four-membered ring retained. The obtained chiral gem-difluorinated α-boryl cyclobutanes are versatile building blocks that provide a platform for the synthesis of enantioenriched fluorinated cyclobutane derivatives to a great diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushan Yuan
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyu Qi
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyue Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Jia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Xufei Yan
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangdong Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, 276000, Linyi, China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
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4
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Yang H, Zeng Y, Song X, Che L, Jiang ZT, Lu G, Xia Y. Rhodium-Catalyzed Enantio- and Regioselective Allylation of Indoles with gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403602. [PMID: 38515395 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The use of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes (gem-DFCPs) as fluoroallyl surrogates under transition-metal catalysis has drawn considerable attention recently but such reactions are restricted to producing achiral or racemic mono-fluoroalkenes. Herein, we report the first enantioselective allylation of indoles under rhodium catalysis with gem-DFCPs. This reaction shows exceptional branched regioselectivity towards rhodium catalysis with gem-DFCPs, which provides an efficient route to enantioenriched fluoroallylated indoles with wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yaxin Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiangyu Song
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lin Che
- Linyi University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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5
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Zeng Y, Gao H, Jiang ZT, Zhu Y, Chen J, Zhang H, Lu G, Xia Y. Observation of unusual outer-sphere mechanism using simple alkenes as nucleophiles in allylation chemistry. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4317. [PMID: 38773086 PMCID: PMC11109239 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal catalyzed allylic substitution reactions of alkenes are among the most efficient methods for synthesizing diene compounds, driven by the inherent preference for an inner-sphere mechanism. Here, we present a demonstration of an outer-sphere mechanism in Rh-catalyzed allylic substitution reaction of simple alkenes using gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes as allyl surrogates. This unconventional mechanism offers an opportunity for the fluorine recycling of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes via C - F bond cleavage/reformation, ultimately delivering allylic carbofluorination products. The developed method tolerates a wide range of simple alkenes, providing access to secondary, tertiary fluorides and gem-difluorides with 100% atom economy. DFT calculations reveal that the C - C bond formation goes through an unusual outer-sphere nucleophilic substitution of the alkenes to the allyl-Rh species instead of migration insertion, and the generated carbon cation then forms the C - F bond with tetrafluoroborate as a fluoride shuttle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Han Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yulei Zhu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinqi Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Han Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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6
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Feng A, Yang Y, Liu C, Zhang D. DFT Calculations Rationalize Unconventional Regioselectivity in Pd II-Catalyzed Defluorinative Alkylation of gem-Difluorocyclopropanes with Hydrazones. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38766868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been conducted to gain insight into the unique formation of the branched alkylation product in the PdII-catalyzed defluorinative alkylation of gem-difluorocyclopropanes with hydrazones. The reaction is established to occur in sequence through oxidative addition, β-F elimination, η1-η3 isomerization, transmetalation, η3-η1 isomerization, 3,3'-reductive elimination, deprotonation/N2 extrusion, and proton abstraction. The rate-determining step of the reaction is identified as the β-F elimination, featuring an energy barrier of 28.6 kcal/mol. The 3,3'-reductive elimination transition states are the regioselectivity-determining transition states. The favorable noncovalent π-π interaction between the naphthyl group of gem-difluorocyclopropane and the phenyl group of hydrazone is found to be mainly responsible for the observed regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Feng
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yiying Yang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Chengbu Liu
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Dongju Zhang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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7
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Wu X, Song X, Xia Y. High-Valent Copper Catalysis Enables Regioselective Fluoroarylation of Gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401243. [PMID: 38460153 PMCID: PMC11095216 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal (TM) catalyzed reaction of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes (gem-DFCPs) has drawn much attention recently. The reaction generally occurs via the activation of the distal C─C bond in gem-DFCPs by a low-valent TM through oxidative addition, eventually producing mono-fluoro olefins as the coupling products. However, achieving regioselective activation of the proximal C─C bond in gem-DFCPs that overcomes the intrinsic reactivity via TM catalysis remains elusive. Here, a new reaction mode of gem-DFCPs enabled by high-valent copper catalysis, which allows exclusive activation of the congested proximal C─C bond is presented. The reaction that achieves fluoroarylation of gem-DFCPs uses NFSI (N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide) as electrophilic fluoro reagent and arenes as the C─H nucleophiles, enabling the synthesis of diverse CF3-containing scaffolds. It is proposed that a high-valent copper species plays an important role in the regioselective activation of the proximal C─C bond possibly via a σ-bond metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Wu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalWest China‐PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Healthand State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Xiangyu Song
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalWest China‐PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Healthand State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalWest China‐PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Healthand State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
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8
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Budiman YP, Perutz RN, Steel PG, Radius U, Marder TB. Applications of Transition Metal-Catalyzed ortho-Fluorine-Directed C-H Functionalization of (Poly)fluoroarenes in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4822-4862. [PMID: 38564710 PMCID: PMC11046440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of organic compounds efficiently via fewer steps but in higher yields is desirable as this reduces energy and reagent use, waste production, and thus environmental impact as well as cost. The reactivity of C-H bonds ortho to fluorine substituents in (poly)fluoroarenes with metal centers is enhanced relative to meta and para positions. Thus, direct C-H functionalization of (poly)fluoroarenes without prefunctionalization is becoming a significant area of research in organic chemistry. Novel and selective methodologies to functionalize (poly)fluorinated arenes by taking advantage of the reactivity of C-H bonds ortho to C-F bonds are continuously being developed. This review summarizes the reasons for the enhanced reactivity and the consequent developments in the synthesis of valuable (poly)fluoroarene-containing organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudha P. Budiman
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363 Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Robin N. Perutz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Patrick G. Steel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Durham, Science
Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute
for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
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9
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Zhang Y, Tian L, Wang Y, Mo L, Liu Q, Ren Y, Teng F, Yin M, Liu P, He Y. Regio- and Diastereoselective Hydrophosphination and Hydroamidation of gem-Difluorocyclopropenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5442-5457. [PMID: 38567881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
In this study, concise, efficient, and modular hydrophosphinylation and hydroamidation of gem-difluorocyclopropenes were disclosed in a mild and transition-metal-free pattern. Through this approach, phosphorus, and nitrogen-containing gem-difluorocyclopropanes were produced in moderate to good yields with excellent regio- and diastereoselectivity. Readily available gem-difluorocyclopropenes and nucleophilic reagents, along with inexpensive inorganic bases, were employed. Multiple synthetic applications, including gram-scale and derivatization reactions and modification of bioactive molecules, were subsequently elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshuo Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Limei Tian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Lisha Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Yifan Ren
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Fan Teng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Minhai Yin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yimiao He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
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10
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Zeng Y, Jiang ZT, Xia Y. Selectivity in Rh-catalysis with gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3764-3773. [PMID: 38501197 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00793j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Small-ring chemistry is a fascinating field in organic chemistry. gem-Difluorinated cyclopropanes, a unique class of cyclopropanes, have garnered significant interest due to their intrinsic high reactivity. In this context, gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes have been extensively investigated as fluoroallylic synthons in Pd-catalyzed ring-opening/cross-coupling reactions for the synthesis of monofluoroalkenes with linear or branched selectivity. In contrast, Rh-catalysis has revealed diverse selectivity in the reaction of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes, such as regioselectivity, enantioselectivity, and chemoselectivity. This feature article aims to summarize our efforts towards developing Rh-catalyzed reactions of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes, briefly discussing the design, selectivity, reaction mechanisms and future research prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Zhong-Tao Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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11
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Brufani G, Di Erasmo B, Li CJ, Vaccaro L. Csp 2-H functionalization of phenols: an effective access route to valuable materials via Csp 2-C bond formation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3831-3871. [PMID: 38487228 PMCID: PMC10935747 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00687a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In the vast majority of top-selling pharmaceutical and industrial products, phenolic structural motifs are highly prevalent. Non-functionalized simple phenols serve as building blocks in the synthesis of value-added chemicals. It is worth mentioning that lignin, being the largest renewable biomass source of aromatic building blocks in nature, mainly consists of phenolic units, which enable the production of structurally diverse phenols. Given their remarkable applicability in the chemical value chain, many efforts have been devoted to increasing the molecular complexity of the phenolic scaffold. Among the key techniques, direct functionalization of Csp2-H is a powerful tool, enabling the construction of new Csp2-C bonds in an economical and atomic manner. Herein we present and summarize the large plethora of direct Csp2-H functionalization methods that enables scaffold diversification of simple, unprotected phenols, leading to the formation of new Csp2-C bonds. In this review article, we intend to summarize the contributions that appeared in the literature mainly in the last 5 years dealing with the functionalization of unprotected phenols, both catalytic and non-catalytic. Our goal is to highlight the key findings and the ongoing challenges in the stimulating and growing research dedicated to the development of new protocols for the valorization of phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Brufani
- Laboratory of Green S.O.C., Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy https://greensoc.chm.unipg.it
| | - Benedetta Di Erasmo
- Laboratory of Green S.O.C., Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy https://greensoc.chm.unipg.it
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A0B8 Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A0B8 Canada
| | - Luigi Vaccaro
- Laboratory of Green S.O.C., Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy https://greensoc.chm.unipg.it
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12
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Jiang ZT, Chen Z, Xia Y. Modular Synthesis of Fully-Substituted and Configuration-Defined Alkyl Vinyl Ethers Enabled by Dual-Functional Copper Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319647. [PMID: 38198183 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Here we present a modular, chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective synthesis of fully-substituted and configuration-defined alkyl vinyl ethers (AVEs) using simple chemical feedstocks. The distinctive approach involves the chemo- and regioselective functionalization of the CF2 unit in gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes with O-H and C-H nucleophiles in a specific order. The resulting highly functionalized cyclopropanyl ethers then undergo a stereoselective ring-opening process to produce fully-substituted and configuration-defined AVEs. These AVEs are rarely accessible through conventional methods and are easily transformable. Mechanistic experiments indicate that the success of this method relies on the use of dual-functional copper catalysis, which is involved in both the functionalization of the CF2 unit and the subsequent ring-opening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Tao Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengzhao Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
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13
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Qian H, Cheng ZP, Luo Y, Lv L, Chen S, Li Z. Pd/IPr BIDEA-Catalyzed Hydrodefluorination of gem-Difluorocyclopropanes: Regioselective Synthesis of Terminal Fluoroalkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:24-32. [PMID: 37830927 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing new strategies to enable chemo- and regioselective reductions is an important topic in chemical research. Herein, an efficient and regioselective Pd/IPrBIDEA-catalyzed ring-opening hydrodefluorination of gem-difluorocyclopropanes to access terminal fluoroalkenes is developed. The success of this transformation was attributed to the use of 3,3-dimethylallyl Bpin as a novel hydride donor. DFT calculations suggest that a direct 3,4'-hydride transfer via a 9-membered cyclic transition state is more favorable, which combined with the irreversibility of the reaction enables the unusual selectivity for the less thermodynamically stable terminal alkene isomer. This reaction mode is also applicable to a variety of regioselective allylic and propargyl reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Zachary P Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Yani Luo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Leiyang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Zhiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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14
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Ahmed EAMA, Zhang H, Cao WG, Gong TJ. Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of gem-Difluorocyclopropanes with gem-Diborylalkanes for the Synthesis of Boryl-Substituted Fluorinated Alkenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:9020-9024. [PMID: 38063840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a novel method for the regioselective coupling of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes with gem-diborylmethane, utilizing a Pd-catalyst system. This innovative approach enables the synthesis of 2-fluoroalkenyl monoboronate scaffolds with high Z-selectivity. The resulting products undergo further transformations, including oxidation, Suzuki cross-coupling, and trifluoroborylation, all of which are achieved with good yields. This work introduces a valuable synthetic pathway to access important fluorinated compounds for various applications in organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongchen Zhang
- College of pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wen-Gen Cao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Tian-Jun Gong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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15
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Wang Y, Feng J, Li EQ, Jia Z, Loh TP. Recent advances in ligand-enabled palladium-catalyzed divergent synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 22:37-54. [PMID: 38050418 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01679j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient and straightforward strategies to rapidly construct structurally distinct and diverse organic molecules is one of the most fundamental tasks in organic synthesis, drug discovery and materials science. In recent years, divergent synthesis of organic functional molecules from the same starting materials has attracted significant attention and has been recognized as an efficient and powerful strategy. To achieve this objective, the proper adjustment of reaction conditions, such as catalysts, solvents, ligands, etc., is required. In this review, we summarized the recent efforts in chemo-, regio- and stereodivergent reactions involving acyclic and cyclic systems catalyzed by palladium complexes. Meanwhile, the reaction types, including carbonylative reactions, coupling reactions and cycloaddition reactions, as well as the probable mechanism have also been highlighted in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CAIST), Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou450001, China.
| | - Jinzan Feng
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CAIST), Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou450001, China.
| | - Er-Qing Li
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CAIST), Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou450001, China.
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CAIST), Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou450001, China.
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16
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Liang YF, Bilal M, Tang LY, Wang TZ, Guan YQ, Cheng Z, Zhu M, Wei J, Jiao N. Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage for Late-Stage Functionalization. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12313-12370. [PMID: 37942891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Late-stage functionalization (LSF) introduces functional group or structural modification at the final stage of the synthesis of natural products, drugs, and complex compounds. It is anticipated that late-stage functionalization would improve drug discovery's effectiveness and efficiency and hasten the creation of various chemical libraries. Consequently, late-stage functionalization of natural products is a productive technique to produce natural product derivatives, which significantly impacts chemical biology and drug development. Carbon-carbon bonds make up the fundamental framework of organic molecules. Compared with the carbon-carbon bond construction, the carbon-carbon bond activation can directly enable molecular editing (deletion, insertion, or modification of atoms or groups of atoms) and provide a more efficient and accurate synthetic strategy. However, the efficient and selective activation of unstrained carbon-carbon bonds is still one of the most challenging projects in organic synthesis. This review encompasses the strategies employed in recent years for carbon-carbon bond cleavage by explicitly focusing on their applicability in late-stage functionalization. This review expands the current discourse on carbon-carbon bond cleavage in late-stage functionalization reactions by providing a comprehensive overview of the selective cleavage of various types of carbon-carbon bonds. This includes C-C(sp), C-C(sp2), and C-C(sp3) single bonds; carbon-carbon double bonds; and carbon-carbon triple bonds, with a focus on catalysis by transition metals or organocatalysts. Additionally, specific topics, such as ring-opening processes involving carbon-carbon bond cleavage in three-, four-, five-, and six-membered rings, are discussed, and exemplar applications of these techniques are showcased in the context of complex bioactive molecules or drug discovery. This review aims to shed light on recent advancements in the field and propose potential avenues for future research in the realm of late-stage carbon-carbon bond functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Le-Yu Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Tian-Zhang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yu-Qiu Guan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zengrui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Minghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jialiang Wei
- Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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17
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Li D, Shen C, Si Z, Liu L. Palladium-Catalyzed Fluorinative Bifunctionalization of Aziridines and Azetidines with gem-Difluorocyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310283. [PMID: 37572320 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented Pd-catalyzed fluorinative bifunctionalization of aziridines and azetidines was successfully developed via regioselective C-C and C-F bond cleavage of gem-difluorocyclopropanes, leading to various β,β'-bisfluorinated amines and β,γ-bisfluorinated amines. This reaction was achieved by incorporating a 2-fluorinated allyl group and a fluorine atom scissored from gem-difluorocyclopropane in 100 % atom economy for the first time. The mechanistic investigations indicated that the reaction underwent amine attacking 2-fluorinated allyl palladium complex to generate η2 -coordinated N-allyl aziridine followed by fluoride ligand transfer affording the final β- and γ-fluorinated amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chaoren Shen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhiyao Si
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, 3663N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
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18
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Yan Y, Qian H, Lv L, Li Z. Pd-IHept-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of gem-Difluorocyclopropanes with Malonates Via Selective C-C Bond Cleavage: Synthesis of Monofluoroalkenes. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37737890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Monofluoroalkene scaffolds are frequently found in various functional molecules. Herein, we report a Pd-IHept-catalyzed (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) defluorinative functionalization approach for the synthesis of monofluoroalkenes from gem-difluorocyclopropanes and malonates. The flexible yet sterically hindered N,N'-bis(2,6-di(4-heptyl)phenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene ligand plays a key role in ensuring the high reaction efficiency. In addition, sterically hindered 1,1- and 1,2-disubstituted gem-difluorocyclopropanes could also be used in this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Huijun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Leiyang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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19
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de Carvalho RL, Diogo EBT, Homölle SL, Dana S, da Silva Júnior EN, Ackermann L. The crucial role of silver(I)-salts as additives in C-H activation reactions: overall analysis of their versatility and applicability. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6359-6378. [PMID: 37655711 PMCID: PMC10714919 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00328k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal catalyzed C-H activation reactions have been proven to be useful methodologies for the assembly of synthetically meaningful molecules. This approach bears intrinsic peculiarities that are important to be studied and comprehended in order to achieve its best performance. One example is the use of additives for the in situ generation of catalytically active species. This strategy varies according to the type of additive and the nature of the pre-catalyst that is being used. Thus, silver(I)-salts have proven to play an important role, due to the resulting high reactivity derived from the pre-catalysts of the main transition metals used so far. While being powerful and versatile, the use of silver-based additives can raise concerns, since superstoichiometric amounts of silver(I)-salts are typically required. Therefore, it is crucial to first understand the role of silver(I) salts as additives, in order to wisely overcome this barrier and shift towards silver-free systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato L de Carvalho
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Emilay B T Diogo
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Simon L Homölle
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Suman Dana
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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20
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Zhang Z, Jia J, Hu F, Xia Y. Aldehyde Olefination with Arylboroxines Enabled by Binary Rhodium Catalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:3228-3233. [PMID: 37104730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
A rhodium-catalyzed olefination of aliphatic aldehydes with arylboroxines is described. The simple rhodium(I) complex [Rh(cod)OH]2 without any external ligands or additives is able to catalyze the reaction in air and neutral conditions, allowing the construction of aryl olefins in an efficient manner with a good functional group tolerance. The mechanistic investigation illustrates that the binary rhodium catalysis is the key for the transformation, which involves a Rh(I)-catalyzed 1,2-addition and a Rh(III)-catalyzed elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jie Jia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Fangdong Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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21
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Li X, Hu L, Ma S, Yu H, Lu G, Xu T. Divergent Rh Catalysis: Asymmetric Dearomatization Versus C–H Activation Initiated by C–C Activation. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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22
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Mao Y, Chen W, Li C, Miao L, Lin Y, Ling F, Chen Z, Yao J. Synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted phenols via Rh(III)-catalyzed alkenyl C-H activation assisted by phosphonium cations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3775-3778. [PMID: 36912283 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00017f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method for the construction of various 3,4,5-trisubstituted phenol derivatives has been achieved via the Rh(III)-catalyzed coupling of phosphonium cations with internal alkynes. This protocol shows good substrate compatibility, as an array of structurally and electronically diverse phosphonium compounds react efficiently with up to 87% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wenxi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Changchang Li
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lin Miao
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yanfei Lin
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fei Ling
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Zhangpei Chen
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Jinzhong Yao
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China.
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23
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Zhao YR, Ma ZY, Liu L, Gao P, Duan XH, Hu M. Synthesis of α-Difluoromethylene Ethers via Photoredox-Induced Hyperconjugative Ring Opening of gem-Difluorocyclopropanes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3787-3793. [PMID: 36827360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated compounds have found widespread applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science. Precise construction of α-difluoromethylene ether (CF2-O) moiety in organic molecules is of high demand. Herein, a visible light-promoted reaction protocol for the synthesis of α-difluoromethylene ether from gem-difluorocyclopropane is described. The key ring-opening step is induced by hyperconjugative interaction of cyclopropane with photo-oxidized aromatic rings. This reaction is easy scale-up, and the products bearing a synthetic handle enable their further manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rou Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Ma
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Le Liu
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Pin Gao
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xin-Hua Duan
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Mingyou Hu
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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24
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Wang X, Patureau FW. Pd-catalyzed access to mono- and di-fluoroallylic amines from primary anilines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:486-489. [PMID: 36530134 PMCID: PMC9814328 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05844h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Pd-catalyzed highly selective synthesis of mono- and di-2-fluoroallylic amines from gem-difluorocyclopropanes and ubiquitous unprotected primary anilines is herein described. Initial kinetic investigations suggest a first order in the gem-difluorocyclopropane substrate, as well as a circa zeroth order in the aniline coupling partner. The newly produced fluoroallylic motifs should find important applications in synthetic as well as medicinal chemistry and stimulate the further development of coupling methods based on strained cyclic building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingben Wang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1Aachen 52074Germanyhttps://www.patureau-oc-rwth-aachen.de
| | - Frederic W. Patureau
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1Aachen 52074Germanyhttps://www.patureau-oc-rwth-aachen.de
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25
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Diversification of pharmaceutical molecules via late-stage C(sp2)–H functionalization. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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26
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Xu X, Wang H, Tan CH, Ye X. Applications of Vanadium, Niobium, and Tantalum Complexes in Organic and Inorganic Synthesis. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2022; 3:74-91. [PMID: 37035284 PMCID: PMC10080730 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.2c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Organometallic catalysis is a powerful strategy in chemical synthesis, especially with the cheap and low toxic metals based on green chemistry principle. Thus, the selection of the metal is particularly important to plan relevant and applicable processes. The group VB metals have been the subject of exciting and significant advances in both organic and inorganic synthesis. In this Review, we have summarized some reports from recent decades, which are about the development of group VB metals utilized in various types of reactions, such as oxidation, reduction, alkylation, dealkylation, polymerization, aromatization, protein synthesis, and practical water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Choon-Hong Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Xinyi Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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27
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Wu X, Zeng Y, Jiang ZT, Zhu Y, Xie L, Xia Y. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Cross-Coupling Reaction of gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes Enabled by C–F Bond Activation. Org Lett 2022; 24:8429-8434. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Wu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yaxin Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yulei Zhu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Linshen Xie
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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28
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Zeng Y, Yang H, Du J, Huang Q, Huang G, Xia Y. Rh-catalyzed regio-switchable cross-coupling of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes with allylboronates to structurally diverse fluorinated dienes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12419-12425. [PMID: 36382270 PMCID: PMC9629036 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04118a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The control of linear/branched selectivity is one of the major focuses in transition-metal catalyzed allyl-allyl cross-coupling reactions, in which bond connection occurs at the terminal site of both the allyl fragments forming different types of 1,5-dienes. Herein, terminal/internal regioselectivity is investigated and found to be switchable in allyl-allyl cross-coupling reactions between gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes and allylboronates. The controlled terminal/internal regioselectivity arises from the fine-tuning of the rhodium catalytic system. Fluorinated 1,3-dienes, 1,4-dienes and 1,5-dienes are therefore produced in good yields with respectively isomerized terminal, internal, and terminal regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Hui Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Jiayi Du
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Guoliang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
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29
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Lv L, Qian H, Li Z. Catalytic Diversification of gem‐Difluorocyclopropanes: Recent Advances and Challenges. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Lv
- Renmin University of China Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | | | - Zhiping Li
- Renmin University of China Chemistry CHINA
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30
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Jiang ZT, Chen Z, Zeng Y, Shi JL, Xia Y. Enantioselective Formation of All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters in gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes via Rhodium-Catalyzed Stereoablative Kinetic Resolution. Org Lett 2022; 24:6176-6181. [PMID: 35951978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report an effective method to offer chiral gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes containing an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter by rhodium-catalyzed stereoablative kinetic resolution. The activation of a sterically hindered all-carbon quaternary C-C bond through oxidative addition with a chiral rhodium complex is proposed as the enantiodetermining step. A wide range of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes can be obtained with excellent ee values (ee = 87% to >99.9%), which are demonstrated to be useful chiral fluorine-containing building blocks by a series of postfunctionalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Tao Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhengzhao Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaxin Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiang-Ling Shi
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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31
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Ai Y, Yang H, Duan C, Li X, Yu S. Cobalt-Catalyzed Fluoroallyllation of Carbonyls via C-C Activation of gem-Difluorocyclopropanes. Org Lett 2022; 24:5051-5055. [PMID: 35833731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A new Co-catalyzed sequential C-C and C-F activation of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes (gem-FCPs) to form nucleophilic fluoroallylcobalt, followed by addition to aldehydes, is reported. The protocol features the regioselective cleavage of dual chemical bonds of readily available gem-FCPs to prepare easily separable linear (Z)- and (E)-fluorinated homoallylic alcohols with a broad scope. This discovery established a new strategy for the efficient transformation of gem-FCPs as well as the synthesis of challenging fluorinated homoallylic alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Ai
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Hanlin Yang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Chunying Duan
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Songjie Yu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China.,Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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32
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Zeng Y, Gao H, Zhu Y, Jiang ZT, Lu G, Xia Y. Site-Divergent Alkenyl C–H Fluoroallylation of Olefins Enabled by Tunable Rhodium Catalysis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Han Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yulei Zhu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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33
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Ligand‐Controlled Palladium‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent Defluorinative Allylation of
gem
‐Difluorocyclopropanes
via
σ‐Bond Activation. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Lv L, Qian H, Crowell AB, Chen S, Li Z. Pd/NHC-Controlled Regiodivergent Defluorinative Allylation of gem-Difluorocyclopropanes with Allylboronates. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Huijun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Anna B. Crowell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Zhiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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35
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Long Y, Zheng Y, Xia Y, Qu L, Yang Y, Xiang H, Zhou X. Nickel-Catalyzed Synthesis of an Aryl Nitrile via Aryl Exchange between an Aromatic Amide and a Simple Nitrile. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Long
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yanling Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Lang Qu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yuhe Yang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Xiang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiangge Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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36
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Lu XY, Gao A, Ge MY, Xia ZJ, Liu QL, Tao TH, Sun XM. Stereoconvergent Synthesis of Monofluoroalkenes via Photoinduced Dual Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling of α-Fluoroacrylic Acids with Redox-Active Esters. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4654-4669. [PMID: 35313107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a new strategy for the synthesis of monofluoroalkenes via employing α-fluoroacrylic acids and N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) redox-active esters as coupling partners has been developed. This decarboxylative reaction enabled the formation of C(sp2)-C(sp3) bonds to provide a practical and efficient approach for the construction of a variety of monofluoroalkenes, which are key structural motifs in organic chemistry, under mild reaction conditions. The protocol exhibited excellent functional group compatibility and delivered monofluoroalkene products with excellent Z-stereoselectivity. This work also provides a platform for the modification of complex biologically active molecules containing carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Lu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ang Gao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Ge
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Ze-Jie Xia
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Qi-Le Liu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Ting-Hua Tao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Sun
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
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37
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Yuan W, Li X, Qi Z, Li X. Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Functionalized Indoles by Acylation/Allylation of 2-Alkynylanilines with Three-Membered Rings. Org Lett 2022; 24:2093-2098. [PMID: 35274957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of 3-acyl and -allyl indoles has been realized by merging nucleophilic cyclization of ortho-alkynylanilines with ring opening of three-membered rings such as cyclopropenones and gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes. These functionalized indoles were obtained in moderate to high yields with high stereoselectivity in both cases. This protocol provides an alternative method toward functionalized indoles under mild and redox-neutral conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Xiaojiao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Zisong Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an 710062, China
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38
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Jia J, Yuan F, Zhang Z, Song X, Hu F, Xia Y. Copper-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Defluoroborylation of gem-Difluorinated Cyclobutenes: A General Route to Bifunctional 1,3-Dienes and Their Applications. Org Lett 2022; 24:1985-1990. [PMID: 35238573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of the reactivity of gem-difluorinated small-size rings has continuously drawn attention in recent years but is limited to three-membered carbocycles. Herein we report a copper-catalyzed reaction of gem-fluorinated cyclobutenes with bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2). A sequence of defluoroborylation and a ring-opening process produces B,F-bifunctional 1,3-dienes in a stereoselective manner. The transformation together with the efficient downstream coupling of the boronate and the fluoride moieties collectively constitutes a modular route to highly functionalized and stereocontrolled 1,3-dienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fushan Yuan
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Xuejiao Song
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fangdong Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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39
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Lu XY, Ge MY, Tao TH, Sun XM, Gao MT, Bao ST, Liu QL, Xia ZJ, Xia J. Iron-catalyzed decarboxylative and oxidative decarbonylative cross-coupling: a new strategy for the synthesis of monofluoroalkenes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01567b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an iron(ii)-catalyzed decarboxylative and oxidative decarbonylative cross-coupling of α-fluoro cinnamic acids with aliphatic aldehydes is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Lu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, AnHui University, He Fei, 230601, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Ge
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China
| | - Ting-Hua Tao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Sun
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China
| | - Meng-Ting Gao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China
| | - Shu-Ting Bao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China
| | - Qi-Le Liu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China
| | - Ze-Jie Xia
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China
| | - Jing Xia
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China
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40
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Lu XY, Chen XK, Gao MT, Sun XM, Jiang RC, Wang JC, Yu LJ, Ge MY, Wei ZH, Liu Z. Copper-catalyzed direct monofluoroalkenylation of C(sp 3)–H bonds via decarboxylation of α-fluoroacrylic acids. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00977c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a protocol for the copper-catalyzed direct monofluoroalkenylation of C(sp3)–H bonds is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Lu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, AnHui University, He Fei, 230601, China
| | - Xing-Ke Chen
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China
| | - Meng-Ting Gao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Sun
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China
| | - Run-Chuang Jiang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China
| | - Jun-Chao Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China
| | - Li-Juan Yu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Ge
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China
| | - Zheng-Huan Wei
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China
| | - Zi Liu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China
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41
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Lv L, Qian H, Ma Y, Huang S, Yan X, Li Z. Ligand-controlled regioselective and chemodivergent defluorinative functionalization of gem-difluorocyclopropanes with simple ketones. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15511-15518. [PMID: 35003579 PMCID: PMC8654029 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05451a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulating the reaction selectivity is highly attractive and pivotal to the rational design of synthetic regimes. The defluorinative functionalization of gem-difluorocyclopropanes constitutes a promising route to construct β-vinyl fluorine scaffolds, whereas chemo- and regioselective access to α-substitution patterns remains a formidable challenge. Presented herein is a robust Pd/NHC ligand synergistic strategy that could enable the C-F bond functionalization with exclusive α-regioselectivity with simple ketones. The key design adopted enolates as π-conjugated ambident nucleophiles that undergo inner-sphere 3,3'-reductive elimination warranted by the sterically hindered-yet-flexible Pd-PEPPSI complex. The excellent branched mono-defluorinative alkylation was achieved with a sterically highly demanding IHept ligand, while subtly less bulky SIPr acted as a bifunctional ligand that not only facilitated α-selective C(sp3)-F cleavage, but also rendered the newly-formed C(sp2)-F bond as the linchpin for subsequent C-O bond formation. These examples represented an unprecedented ligand-controlled regioselective and chemodivergent approach to various mono-fluorinated terminal alkenes and/or furans from the same readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Lv
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Huijun Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Yangyang Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Shiqing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
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42
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Ramachandran K, Anbarasan P. Cobalt-catalyzed multisubstituted allylation of the chelation-assisted C-H bond of (hetero)arenes with cyclopropenes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13442-13449. [PMID: 34777763 PMCID: PMC8528013 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03476f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclopropenes are highly strained three-membered carbocycles, which offer unique reactivity in organic synthesis. Herein, Cp*CoIII-catalyzed ring-opening isomerization of cyclopropenes to cobalt vinylcarbene has been utilized for the synthesis of multisubstituted allylarenes via directing group-assisted functionalization of C-H bonds of arenes and heteroarenes. Employing this methodology, various substituents can be introduced at all three carbons of the allyl moiety with high selectivity. The important highlights are excellent functional group tolerance, multisubstituted allylation, high selectivity, gram scale synthesis, removable directing group, and synthesis of cyclopenta[b]indoles. In addition, a potential cobaltocycle intermediate was identified and a plausible mechanism is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppan Ramachandran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India https://home.iitm.ac.in/anbarasansp/
| | - Pazhamalai Anbarasan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India https://home.iitm.ac.in/anbarasansp/
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43
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Xiong B, Chen X, Liu J, Zhang X, Xia Y, Lian Z. Stereoselective gem-Difluorovinylation of gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes Enabled by Ni/Pd Cooperative Catalysis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuemeng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiangjun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhong Lian
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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44
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Wang Y, Qiu B, Hu L, Lu G, Xu T. Rh-Catalyzed Cascade C–C/C olefin–H Activations and Mechanistic Insight. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Wang
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts and Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot NLMST, Jimo, Qingdao 266237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Qiu
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts and Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot NLMST, Jimo, Qingdao 266237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts and Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot NLMST, Jimo, Qingdao 266237, People’s Republic of China
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Xia Y, Jiang ZT, Zeng Y. Rhodium-Catalyzed Direct Allylation of Simple Arenes by Using Gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes as Allyl Surrogates. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1536-2738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes have become an important type of allyl surrogate in transition-metal-catalyzed ring-opening processes, as demonstrated recently through various important advances, especially with palladium catalysis. The versatile fluorinated allyl species generated in this way from gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes exhibit unique advantages compared with conventional allyl sources. By using gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes as allyl surrogates, we achieved a direct allylation of simple arenes through rhodium catalysis under mild conditions. This transformation permits directing-group-free allylation of simple arenes, including electron-neutral, electron-rich, and electron-deficient ones. Here, we give a brief introduction to this area and we discuss our thoughts regarding our recent work and its design.1 Introduction2 Our Design3 Condition Optimization and Substrate Scope4 Applications in Synthesis5 Mechanistic Discussions6 Conclusion and Outlook
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Zhou PX, Yang X, Wang J, Ge C, Feng W, Liang YM, Zhang Y. Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Allylation of Electron-Deficient Polyfluoroarenes with gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2021; 23:4920-4924. [PMID: 34085517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed C-H allylation of electron-deficient polyfluoroarenes with gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes is reported. It provides a useful and facile approach to 2-fluoroallylic polyfluoroarenes in moderate to excellent yields with high Z-selectivity. In addition, this new approach has good functional group compatibility and broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Xin Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhe Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, P. R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, P. R. China
| | - Chunpo Ge
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, P. R. China
| | - Wang Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, P. R. China
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