1
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Gao C, Li S, Zhao C, Sun Q, Sun X, Ge L, Wang L, Xi Z, Han J, Guo R. Self-Assembled Metal-Coordination Nanohelices as Efficient and Robust Chiral Supramolecular Catalysts for Enantioselective Reactions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310234. [PMID: 38155520 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of chiral nanostructures-based supramolecular catalysts with satisfied enantioselectivity remains a significantly more challenging task. Herein, the synthesis and self-assembly of various amino acid amphiphiles as chiral supramolecular catalysts after metal ion coordination is reported and systematically investigate their enantioselectivity in asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions. In particular, the self-assembly of l/d-phenylglycine-based amphiphiles (l/d-PhgC16) and Cu(II) into chiral supramolecular catalysts in the methanol/water solution mixture is described, which features the interesting M/P nanohelices (diameter ≈8 nm) and mostly well-aligned M/P nanoribbons (NRs). The M/P supramolecular catalysts show both high but inverse enantioselectivity (>90% ee) in Diels-Alder reactions, while their monomeric counterparts display nearly racemic products. Analysis of the catalytic results suggests the outstanding enantioselectivities are closely related to the specific stereochemical microenvironment provided by the arrangement of the amphiphiles in the supramolecular assembly. Based on the experimental evidence of chirality transfer from supramolecular nanohelices to coordinated Cu(II) and substrate aza-chalcone and the molecular dynamics simulations, the enantioselective catalytic mechanisms are proposed. Moreover, the relationships between molecular structures of amino acid amphiphiles (the hydrophilic head group and hydrophobic alkyl chain length) in supramolecular catalysts and enantioselectivity in Diels-Alder reactions are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China
| | - Shixin Li
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China
| | - Cici Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China
| | - Xiaohuan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China
| | - Lingling Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China
| | - Zheng Xi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China
| | - Jie Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China
| | - Rong Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China
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2
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Sun Q, Dong W, Bao B, Lyu Y, Han J, Guo R. Hydrolysis of Nerve Agent Simulants Accelerated by Stimuli-Responsive Dinuclear Catalysts. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9975-9982. [PMID: 38747890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
The ability to control the catalytic activity of enzymes in chemical transformations is essential for the design and development of artificial catalysts. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of functional ligands featuring two 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane units linked by an azobenzene group and their corresponding dinuclear Zn(II) complexes. We show that the configuration switching (E/Z) of the azobenzene spacer in the ligands and their dinuclear Zn(II) complexes is reversibly controlled by irradiation with UV and visible light. The Zn(II)-metal complexes are light-responsive catalysts for the hydrolytic cleavage of nerve agent simulants, i.e., p-nitrophenyl diphenyl phosphate and methyl paraoxon. The catalytic activity of the Z-isomers of the dinuclear Zn(II) complexes outperformed that of the E-counterparts. Moreover, combining the less active E-isomers with gold nanoparticles induced an enhancement in the hydrolysis rate of p-nitrophenyl diphenyl phosphate. Kinetic analysis has shown that the catalytic site appears to involve a single metal ion. We explain our results by considering the different desolvation effects occurring in the catalyst's configurations in the solution and the catalytic systems involving gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou ,Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Wenqian Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou ,Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Baocheng Bao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou ,Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Yanchao Lyu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou ,Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Jie Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou ,Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Rong Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou ,Jiangsu 225002, China
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3
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Delecluse M, Manick AD, Chatelet B, Chevallier-Michaud S, Moraleda D, Riggi ID, Dutasta JP, Martinez A. Ditopic Covalent Cage for Ion-Pair Binding: Influence of Anion Complexation on the Cation Exchange Rate. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300558. [PMID: 37950861 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
A new hemicryptophane host with a ditopic molecular cavity combining a cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) unit with a tris-urea moiety was synthesized. The complexation of halides, tetramethylammonium (TMA+) cation, and ion pairs was investigated. A positive cooperativity was observed, since halides display a higher binding constant when a TMA+ cation is already present inside the cage. When TMA+ was complexed alone, a decrease of temperature from 298 K to 230 K was required to switch from a fast to a slow exchange regime on the NMR time scale. Nevertheless, the prior complexation of a halide guest in the lower part of the host resulted in significant decrease of the exchange rate of the subsequent complexation of the TMA+ cation. Under these conditions, the 1H NMR signals characteristic of a slow exchange regime were observed at 298 K. Addition of an excess of salts, increases the ionic strength of the solution, restoring the fast exchange dynamics. This result provides insight on how the exchange rate of a cation guest can be modulated by the complexation of a co-guest anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Delecluse
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille iSm2, UMR 7113, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Doriane Manick
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Institut de Chimie, Radicalaire, UMR 7273, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Bastien Chatelet
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille iSm2, UMR 7113, 13397, Marseille, France
| | | | - Delphine Moraleda
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille iSm2, UMR 7113, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Innocenzo de Riggi
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille iSm2, UMR 7113, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Dutasta
- ENS Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Martinez
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille iSm2, UMR 7113, 13397, Marseille, France
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4
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Giri M, Dash Y, Guchhait T. Does Larger Cavity-Size Really Help Bigger Anions to Bind? A Scrutiny on Core-Expanded Calix[4]pyrroles and Their Properties. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300427. [PMID: 37830245 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Calix[4]pyrroles are an important class of oligopyrrolic macrocycles and have found applications in many diverse fields including anion recognition. To modulate the properties of the calix[4]pyrrole, several structural modifications are realized. The core-expansion has attracted extra attention as it provides larger cavity-size compared to parent calix[4]pyrrole(s). This review highlights the synthetic development of various core-expanded calix[4]pyrroles and their applications in anion-binding properties. Emphasis is given to the changes in the binding properties observed with expanded versions of calix[4]pyrrole(s) in both solution and the solid states. The expanded versions of calix[4]pyrrole do not always show higher binding affinities for larger anions as anticipated. Rather, they display reduced affinities with the anions. The truncated form or asymmetric nature of the expanded versions of calix[4]pyrrole does not probably allow to access all the available binding sites for the anions and hence reduced binding affinities are observed. The receptors which contain a greater number of binding sites and are somehow rigid or preorganized apparently show enhanced binding affinities for anions. The relative binding constants for halide series indicate that the enlarged molecules are more beneficial for largest iodide among others. However, most of the receptors show selectivity towards smallest fluoride over other anions studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Giri
- Department of Chemistry, C. V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752054, India
| | - Yashaswini Dash
- Department of Chemistry, C. V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752054, India
| | - Tapas Guchhait
- Department of Chemistry, C. V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752054, India
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5
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Escobar L, Sun Q, Ballester P. Aryl-Extended and Super Aryl-Extended Calix[4]pyrroles: Design, Synthesis, and Applications. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:500-513. [PMID: 36734050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusProteins exhibit high-binding affinity and selectivity, as well as remarkable catalytic performance. Their binding pockets are hydrophobic but also contain polar and charged groups to contribute to the binding of polar organic molecules in aqueous solution. In the past decades, the synthesis of biomimetic receptors featuring sizable aromatic cavities equipped with converging polar groups has received considerable attention. "Temple" cages, naphthotubes, and aryl-extended calix[4]pyrroles are privileged examples of synthetic scaffolds displaying functionalized hydrophobic cavities capable of binding polar substrates. In particular, calix[4]pyrroles are macrocycles containing four pyrrole rings connected through their pyrrolic 2- and 5-positions by tetra-substituted sp3 carbon atoms (meso-substituents). In 1996, Sessler introduced the meso-octamethyl calix[4]pyrrole as an outstanding receptor for anion binding. Independently, Sessler and Floriani also showed that the introduction of aryl substituents in the meso-positions produced aryl-extended calix[4]pyrroles as a mixture of configurational isomers. In addition, aryl-extended calix[4]pyrroles bearing two and four meso-aryl substituents (walls) were reported. The cone conformation of "two-wall" αα-aryl-extended calix[4]pyrroles features an aromatic cleft with a polar binding site defined by four converging pyrrole NHs. On the other hand, "four-wall" αααα-calix[4]pyrrole isomers possess a deep polar aromatic cavity closed at one end by the converging pyrrole NHs. Because of their functionalized interior, aryl-extended calix[4]pyrroles are capable of binding anions, ion-pairs, and electron-rich neutral molecules in organic solvents. However, in water, they are restricted to the inclusion of neutral polar guests.Since the early 2000s, our research group has been involved in the design and synthesis of "two-wall" and "four-wall" aryl-extended calix[4]pyrroles and their derivatives, such as aryl-extended calix[4]pyrrole cavitands and super aryl-extended calix[4]pyrroles. In this Account, we mainly summarize our own results on the binding of charged and neutral polar guests with these macrocyclic receptors in organic solvents and in water. We also describe the applications of calix[4]pyrrole derivatives in the sensing of creatinine, the facilitated transmembrane transport of anions and amino acids, and the monofunctionalization of bis-isonitriles. Moreover, we explain the use of calix[4]pyrrole receptors as model systems for the quantification of anion-π interactions and the hydrophobic effect. Finally, we discuss the self-assembly of dimeric capsules and unimolecular metallo-cages based on calix[4]pyrrole scaffolds. We comment on their binding properties, as well as on those of bis-calix[4]pyrroles having a fully covalent structure.In molecular recognition, aryl-extended calix[4]pyrroles and their derivatives are considered valuable receptors owing to their ability to interact with a wide variety of electron-rich, neutral, and charged guests. Calix[4]pyrrole scaffolds have also been applied in the development of molecular sensors, ionophores, transmembrane carriers, supramolecular protecting groups and molecular containers modulating chemical reactivity, among others. We believe that the design of new calix[4]pyrrole receptors and the investigation of their binding properties may lead to promising applications in many research areas, such as supramolecular catalysis, chemical biology and materials science. We hope that this Account will serve to spread the knowledge of the supramolecular chemistry of calix[4]pyrroles among supramolecular and nonsupramolecular chemists alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Escobar
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Qingqing Sun
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002 Jiangsu, China
| | - Pablo Ballester
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Aryl- and Superaryl-Extended Calix[4]pyrroles: From Syntheses to Potential Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:7. [PMID: 36607442 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00419-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of aryl substituents at the meso-positions of calix[4]pyrrole (C4P) scaffolds produces aryl-extended (AE) and super-aryl-extended (SAE) calix[4]pyrroles. The cone conformation of the all-α isomers of "multi-wall" AE-C4Ps and SAE-C4Ps displays deep aromatic clefts or cavities. In particular, "four-wall" receptors feature an aromatic polar cavity closed at one end with four convergent pyrrole rings and fully open at the opposite end. This makes AE- and SAE-C4P scaffolds effective receptors for the molecular recognition of negatively charged ions and neutral guest molecules with donor-acceptor and hydrogen bonding motifs. In addition, adequately functionalized all-α isomers of multi wall AE- and SAE-C4P scaffolds self-assemble into uni-molecular and supra-molecular aggregates displaying capsular and cage-like structures. The self-assembly process requires the presence of template ions or molecules that lock the C4P cone conformation and complementing the inner polar functions and volumes of their cavities. We envisioned performing an in-depth revision of AE- and SAE-C4P scaffolds owing to their importance in different domains such as supramolecular chemistry, biology, material sciences and pharmaceutical chemistry. Herewith, besides the synthetic details on the elaboration of their structures, we also draw attention to their diverse applications. The organization of this review is mainly based on the number of "walls" present in the AE-C4P derivatives and their structural modifications. The sections are further divided based on the C4P functions and applications. The authors are convinced that this review will be of interest to researchers working in the general area of supramolecular chemistry as well as those involved in the study of the binding properties and applications of C4P derivatives.
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7
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Montà-González G, Sancenón F, Martínez-Máñez R, Martí-Centelles V. Purely Covalent Molecular Cages and Containers for Guest Encapsulation. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13636-13708. [PMID: 35867555 PMCID: PMC9413269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cage compounds offer unique binding pockets similar to enzyme-binding sites, which can be customized in terms of size, shape, and functional groups to point toward the cavity and many other parameters. Different synthetic strategies have been developed to create a toolkit of methods that allow preparing tailor-made organic cages for a number of distinct applications, such as gas separation, molecular recognition, molecular encapsulation, hosts for catalysis, etc. These examples show the versatility and high selectivity that can be achieved using cages, which is impossible by employing other molecular systems. This review explores the progress made in the field of fully organic molecular cages and containers by focusing on the properties of the cavity and their application to encapsulate guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Montà-González
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Félix Sancenón
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n 46022, Valencia, Spain,CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain,Centro
de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF
de Investigación de Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina,
Valencia, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46012 Valencia, Spain,Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria la Fe, Unidad Mixta de Investigación
en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat
Politènica de València, 46026 València, Spain,Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n 46022, Valencia, Spain,CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain,Centro
de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF
de Investigación de Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina,
Valencia, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46012 Valencia, Spain,Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria la Fe, Unidad Mixta de Investigación
en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat
Politènica de València, 46026 València, Spain,Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain,R.M.-M.: email,
| | - Vicente Martí-Centelles
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n 46022, Valencia, Spain,V.M.-C.:
email,
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8
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Zhu YJ, Zhao MK, Rebek J, Yu Y. Recent Advances in the Applications of Water-soluble Resorcinarene-based Deep Cavitands. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200026. [PMID: 35701378 PMCID: PMC9197774 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We review here the use of container molecules known as cavitands for performing organic reactions in water. Central to these endeavors are binding forces found in water, and among the strongest of these is the hydrophobic effect. We describe how the hydrophobic effect can be used to drive organic molecule guests into the confined space of cavitand hosts. Other forces participating in guest binding include cation-π interactions, chalcogen bonding and even hydrogen bonding to water involved in the host structure. The reactions of guests take advantage of their contortions in the limited space of the cavitands which enhance macrocyclic and site-selective processes. The cavitands are applied to the removal of organic pollutants from water and to the separation of isomeric guests. Progress is described on maneuvering the containers from stoichiometric participation to roles as catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Zhu
- Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ming-Kai Zhao
- Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Julius Rebek
- Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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9
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Sun Q, Escobar L, Ballester P. A Dinuclear Metallobridged Super Aryl‐Extended Calix[4]pyrrole Cavitand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202140. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Sun
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 Jiangsu China
| | - Luis Escobar
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Present address: Department of Chemistry Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München Butenandtstrasse 5–13 81377 München Germany
| | - Pablo Ballester
- ICREA Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
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10
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Sun Q, Escobar L, Ballester P. A Dinuclear Metallobridged Super Aryl‐Extended Calix[4]pyrrole Cavitand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Sun
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 Jiangsu China
| | - Luis Escobar
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Present address: Department of Chemistry Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München Butenandtstrasse 5–13 81377 München Germany
| | - Pablo Ballester
- ICREA Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
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11
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Rather IA, Ali R, Ali A. Recent developments in calix[4]pyrrole (C4P)-based supramolecular functional systems. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01298g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances with calix[4]pyrrole-based supramolecular functional entities in the fields of molecular recognition (receptors, sensors, and metal ion caged systems), self-assembly (polymers), photo/pH-responsive molecular switches and catalysis are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ahmad Rather
- Organic and Supramolecular Functional Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Rashid Ali
- Organic and Supramolecular Functional Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Ayaaz Ali
- Organic and Supramolecular Functional Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi-110025, India
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12
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Sun Q, Escobar L, de Jong J, Ballester P. Self-assembly of a water-soluble endohedrally functionalized coordination cage including polar guests. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13469-13476. [PMID: 34777766 PMCID: PMC8528040 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03751j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordination cages containing endohedrally functionalized aromatic cavities are scarce in the literature. Herein, we report the self-assembly of a tetra-cationic super aryl-extended calix[4]pyrrole tetra-pyridyl ligand into a water-soluble Pd(ii)-cage featuring two endohedral polar binding sites. They are defined by the four pyrrole NHs of the calix[4]pyrrole unit and the four inwardly directed α-protons of the coordinated pyridyl groups. The efficient assembly of the Pd(ii)-cage requires the inclusion of mono- and ditopic pyridyl N-oxide and aliphatic formamide guests. The monotopic guests only partially fill the cage's cavity and require the co-inclusion of a water molecule that is likely hydrogen-bonded to the endohedral α-pyridyl protons. The ditopic guests are able to completely fill the cage's cavity and complement both binding sites. We observed high conformational selectivity in the inclusion of the isomers of α,ω-bis-formamides. We briefly investigate the uptake and release mechanism/kinetics of selected polar guests by the Pd(ii)-cage using pair-wise competition experiments. A tetra-cationic calix[4]pyrrole tetra-pyridyl ligand self-assembles into a water-soluble Pd(ii)-cage featuring two endohedral polar binding sites. The Pd(ii)-cage encapsulates pyridyl N-oxide and aliphatic formamide guests in water.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Sun
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain .,Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgánica c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Luis Escobar
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain .,Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgánica c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Jorn de Jong
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Pablo Ballester
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain .,ICREA Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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