1
|
Ariga K. Confined Space Nanoarchitectonics for Dynamic Functions and Molecular Machines. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:282. [PMID: 38399010 PMCID: PMC10892885 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has advanced the techniques for elucidating phenomena at the atomic, molecular, and nano-level. As a post nanotechnology concept, nanoarchitectonics has emerged to create functional materials from unit structures. Consider the material function when nanoarchitectonics enables the design of materials whose internal structure is controlled at the nanometer level. Material function is determined by two elements. These are the functional unit that forms the core of the function and the environment (matrix) that surrounds it. This review paper discusses the nanoarchitectonics of confined space, which is a field for controlling functional materials and molecular machines. The first few sections introduce some of the various dynamic functions in confined spaces, considering molecular space, materials space, and biospace. In the latter two sections, examples of research on the behavior of molecular machines, such as molecular motors, in confined spaces are discussed. In particular, surface space and internal nanospace are taken up as typical examples of confined space. What these examples show is that not only the central functional unit, but also the surrounding spatial configuration is necessary for higher functional expression. Nanoarchitectonics will play important roles in the architecture of such a total system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan;
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aboudzadeh MA, Rodríguez-Fanjul V, Terenzi A, Gónzalez de San Román E, Miranda JI, Pizarro AM, Salassa L, Barroso-Bujans F. Synthesis and Characterization of a Luminescent Cyclic Poly(ethylene oxide)-Polypyridyl Ruthenium Complex. ACS Macro Lett 2023:999-1004. [PMID: 37406348 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a macrocyclic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) connected by one [Ru(bpy)3]2+ unit (where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), a photoactive metal complex that provides photosensitivity and potential biomedical applications to this polymer structure. The PEO chain provides biocompatibility, water solubility, and topological play. The macrocycles were successfully synthesized by copper-free click cycloaddition between a bifunctional dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-PEO precursor and 4,4'-diazido-2,2'-bipyridine, followed by complexation with [Ru(bpy)2Cl2]. The cyclic product accumulated efficiently in MCF7 cancer cells and exhibited a longer fluorescence lifetime than its linear analogue, likely due to differences in the accessibility of the ligand-centered/intraligand states of Ru polypyridyls in both topologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ali Aboudzadeh
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Alessio Terenzi
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Estibaliz Gónzalez de San Román
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - José I Miranda
- SGIKer, NMR Service, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta R&D Ctr, Avda. Tolosa-72, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Spain
| | - Ana M Pizarro
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Asociada de Nanobiotecnología CNB-CSIC-IMDEA, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luca Salassa
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Fabienne Barroso-Bujans
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mizutani N, Hosono N, Uemura T. Topological entrapment of macromolecules during the formation of metal-organic framework. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1293-1296. [PMID: 36649107 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06330a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Here we present our preliminary results on a novel approach to encapsulate large guest molecules in nanoporous materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), via a newly discovered in situ crystal formation. This method has exciting prospects not only in the design of new organic/inorganic hybrids but also in capturing and separating molecules that are significantly larger than the actual pore size of the host MOF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagi Mizutani
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hosono
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Takashi Uemura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hung HL, Iizuka T, Deng X, Lyu Q, Hsu CH, Oe N, Lin LC, Hosono N, Kang DY. Engineering gas separation property of metal-organic framework membranes via polymer insertion. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
5
|
Ochs J, Pagnacco CA, Barroso-Bujans F. Macrocyclic polymers: Synthesis, purification, properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
6
|
Chen C, Weil T. Cyclic polymers: synthesis, characteristics, and emerging applications. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:1121-1135. [PMID: 35938292 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00242f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic polymers with a ring-like topology and no chain ends are a unique class of macromolecules. In the past several decades, significant advances have been made to prepare these fascinating polymers, which allow for the exploration of their topological effects and potential applications in various fields. In this Review, we first describe representative synthetic strategies for making cyclic polymers and their derivative topological polymers with more complex structures. Second, the unique physical properties and self-assembly behavior of cyclic polymers are discussed by comparing them with their linear analogues. Special attention is paid to highlight how polymeric rings can assemble into hierarchical macromolecular architectures. Subsequently, representative applications of cyclic polymers in different fields such as drug and gene delivery and surface functionalization are presented. Last, we envision the following key challenges and opportunities for cyclic polymers that may attract future attention: large-scale synthesis, efficient purification, programmable folding and assembly, and expansion of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaojian Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Iizuka T, Hosono N, Uemura T. Toughening and stabilizing MOF crystals via polymeric guest inclusion. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13204-13209. [PMID: 35801525 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01425d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Improving the mechanical properties and stability of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is of significant interest due to their practical applications. Herein, we tune the mechanical properties of MOFs by filling the MOF pores with polymer chains. The mechanical properties reflect the filling rate, molecular weight, and inherent flexibility of the polymeric guests, imparting MOFs with improved resilience and toughness against mechanical pressures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Iizuka
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hosono
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Takashi Uemura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kitao T. Controlled assemblies of conjugated polymers in metal−organic frameworks. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
10
|
Zhang F, Si Y, Yu J, Ding B. Sub-Nanoporous Engineered Fibrous Aerogel Molecular Sieves with Nanogating Channels for Reversible Molecular Separation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202173. [PMID: 35608287 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gating molecular separation using artificial sub-nanoporous molecular sieves is highly desirable in large-scale chemical and energy processing, such as gas separation, hydrogen recovery, carbon dioxide capture, seawater desalination, etc. However, it has remained an insurmountable challenge to create such materials. Herein, a binary meso-reconstruction strategy to develop biomimetic sub-nanoporous engineered aerogel molecular sieves (NAMSs) with reversible nanogating channels is demonstrated, in which sub-1 nm pores (≈7 Å) provide coupling size-thermodynamic gated functions that enable molecule discrimination and trapping in a reversible manner. The NAMSs show polarity-reversible adsorption in which adsorbate molecules are discriminated by each gate-admission sponge-fiber molecular sieve, facilitating size/interface synergistically induced selective separation of 1,3,5-trimethyl benzene/ethylene glycol with high separation factor and fast adsorption rate. The nanogating aerogel molecular sieves with molecularly defined sub-1 nm nanoporous architecture (≈7 Å), Murray's law hierarchical channels, ultrahigh surface area (686 m2 g-1 ), and robust self-supporting characteristics define a new benchmark for both aerogels and molecular sieves, exhibiting great potential in diversified on-demand molecular separations that are prevalent in chemical, energy, and environmental processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yang Si
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Bin Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kioka K, Mizutani N, Hosono N, Uemura T. Mixed Metal-Organic Framework Stationary Phases for Liquid Chromatography. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6771-6780. [PMID: 35341245 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strategic design of the stationary phase in liquid chromatography (LC) is crucial for modern separation science. Herein, a design approach using mixed metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as tunable LC stationary phases is proposed. Three MOFs with an isostructural pillared-layer structure are employed, with pore sizes tuned by the systematic design of the constituent ligands, using 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (bdc), 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylate (ndc), and 9,10-anthracenedicarboxylate (adc). Packed columns filled with the MOFs and their mixed-particle/solid-solution stationary phases are prepared and examined for the retention capability of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in LC. While the MOF-packed columns filled with binary mixtures of different MOF particles provide good control of the retention with respect to the particle mixing ratio, the columns filled with mixed-linker solid-solution MOFs show a significant multicomponent effect on the retention behavior. Specifically, mixed-linker solid-solution MOFs consisting of bdc/ndc binary ligands are found to show a strong retention that surpasses even their parent MOFs, namely, pure bdc- and ndc-MOF stationary phases. The retention behavior on the MOF-packed columns is explained by the specific nanostructures of the solid-solution MOFs, which affects the balance between substrate affinity and adsorption kinetics into the MOF pores, dictating the total retention capability. The results provide an extra dimension for stationary phase design using MOFs as a promising recognition medium for LC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Kioka
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Nagi Mizutani
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hosono
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Uemura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huettner N, Goldmann AS, Hoogenboom R, Dargaville TR. Macrocyclization efficiency for poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(2-oxazine)s. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00376g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Poly(2-oxazine)s show higher tendency to undergo macrocyclization compared to poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s, increasing scale-up potential and applicability of these cyclic polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Huettner
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Anja S. Goldmann
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000 Belgium
| | - Tim R. Dargaville
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zinc-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks in Drug Delivery, Cell Imaging, and Sensing. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010100. [PMID: 35011330 PMCID: PMC8746597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The design and structural frameworks for targeted drug delivery of medicinal compounds and improved cell imaging have been developed with several advantages. However, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are supplemented tremendously for medical uses with efficient efficacy. These MOFs are considered as an absolutely new class of porous materials, extensively used in drug delivery systems, cell imaging, and detecting the analytes, especially for cancer biomarkers, due to their excellent biocompatibility, easy functionalization, high storage capacity, and excellent biodegradability. While Zn-metal centers in MOFs have been found by enhanced efficient detection and improved drug delivery, these Zn-based MOFs have appeared to be safe as elucidated by different cytotoxicity assays for targeted drug delivery. On the other hand, the MOF-based heterogeneous catalyst is durable and can regenerate multiple times without losing activity. Therefore, as functional carriers for drug delivery, cell imaging, and chemosensory, MOFs' chemical composition and flexible porous structure allowed engineering to improve their medical formulation and functionality. This review summarizes the methodology for fabricating ultrasensitive and selective Zn-MOF-based sensors, as well as their application in early cancer diagnosis and therapy. This review also offers a systematic approach to understanding the development of MOFs as efficient drug carriers and provides new insights on their applications and limitations in utility with possible solutions.
Collapse
|
14
|
Oe N, Hosono N, Uemura T. Revisiting molecular adsorption: unconventional uptake of polymer chains from solution into sub-nanoporous media. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12576-12586. [PMID: 34703543 PMCID: PMC8494126 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03770f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adsorption of polymers from the solution phase has been extensively studied to cope with many demands not only for separation technologies, but also for the development of coatings, adhesives, and biocompatible materials. Most studies hitherto focus on adsorption on flat surfaces and mesoporous adsorbents with open frameworks, plausibly because of the preconceived notion that it is unlikely for polymers to enter a pore with a diameter that is smaller than the gyration diameter of the polymer in solution; therefore, sub-nanoporous materials are rarely considered as a polymer adsorption medium. Here we report that polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are adsorbed into sub-nanometer one-dimensional (1D) pores of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) from various solvents. Isothermal adsorption experiments reveal a unique solvent dependence, which is explained by the balance between polymer solvation propensity for each solvent and enthalpic contributions that compensate for potential entropic losses from uncoiling upon pore admission. In addition, adsorption kinetics identify a peculiar molecular weight (MW) dependence. While short PEGs are adsorbed faster than long ones in single-component adsorption experiments, the opposite trend was observed in double-component competitive experiments. A two-step insertion process consisting of (1) an enthalpy-driven recognition step followed by (2) diffusion regulated infiltration in the restricted 1D channels explains the intriguing selectivity of polymer uptake. Furthermore, liquid chromatography using the MOFs as the stationary phase resulted in significant PEG retention that depends on the MW and temperature. This study provides further insights into the mechanism and thermodynamics behind the present polymer adsorption system, rendering it as a promising method for polymer analysis and separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyoshi Oe
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa Chiba 277-8561 Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hosono
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa Chiba 277-8561 Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Takashi Uemura
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa Chiba 277-8561 Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hosono N, Uemura T. Metal-Organic Frameworks as Versatile Media for Polymer Adsorption and Separation. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3593-3603. [PMID: 34506124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular recognition is of paramount importance for modern chemical processes and has now been achieved for small molecules using well-established host-guest chemistry and adsorption-science principles. In contrast, technologies for recognizing polymer structure are relatively undeveloped. Conventional polymer separation methods, which are mostly limited in practice to size-exclusion chromatography and reprecipitation, find it difficult to recognize minute structural differences in polymer structures as such small structural alterations barely influence the polymer characteristics, including molecular size, polarity, and solubility. Therefore, most of the polymeric products being used today contain mixtures of polymers with different structures as it is challenging to completely control polymer structures during synthesis even with state-of-the-art substitution and polymerization techniques. In this context, development of novel techniques that can resolve the challenges of polymer recognition and separation is in great demand, as these techniques hold the promise of a new paradigm in polymer synthesis, impacting not only materials chemistry but also analytical and biological chemistry.In biological systems, precise recognition and translation of base monomer sequences of mRNA are achieved by threading them through small ribosome tunnels. This principle of introducing polymers into nanosized channels can possibly help us design powerful polymer recognition and separation technologies using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as ideal and highly designable recognition media. MOFs are porous materials comprising organic ligands and metal ions and have been extensively studied as porous beds for gas separation and storage. Recently, we found that MOFs can accommodate large polymeric chains in their nanopores. Polymer chains can spontaneously infiltrate MOFs from neat molten and solution phases by threading their terminals into MOF nanochannels. Polymer structures can be recognized and differentiated due to such insertion processes, resulting in the selective adsorption of polymers on MOFs. This enables the precise recognition of the polymer terminus structure, resulting in the perfect separation of a variety of terminal-functionalized polymers that are otherwise difficult to separate by conventional polymer separation methods. Furthermore, the MOFs can recognize polymer shapes, thus enabling the large-scale separation of high purity cyclic polymers from the complex crude mixtures of linear polymers, which are used as precursor materials in common cyclization reactions. In solution-phase adsorption, many factors, including molecular weight, terminal groups, polymer shape, polymer-MOF interaction, and coexisting solvent molecules, influence the selective adsorption behavior; this yields a new liquid chromatography-based polymer separation technology using an MOF as the stationary phase. MOF-packed columns, in which a novel separation mode based on polymer insertion into the MOF operates under a dynamic insertion/rejection equilibrium at the liquid/solid interface, exhibited excellent polymer separation capability. The polymer recognition principle described in this study thus has a high probability for realizing previously unfeasible polymer separations based on monomer composition and sequences, stereoregularity, regioregularity, helicity, and block sequences in synthetic polymers and biomacromolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Hosono
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Takashi Uemura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hosono N, Uemura T. Development of Functional Materials via Polymer Encapsulation into Metal–Organic Frameworks. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Hosono
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Takashi Uemura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| |
Collapse
|