1
|
Xie G, Guo N, Xue X, Yang Q, Liu X, Li H, Li H, Tao Y, Chen R, Huang W. Resonance-Induced Dynamic Triplet Exciton Population for Photoactivated Organic Ultralong Room Temperature Phosphorescence. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:20449-20457. [PMID: 38990700 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Dynamically populating triplet excitons under external stimuli is desired to develop smart optoelectronic materials, but it remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we report a resonance-induced excited state regulation strategy to dynamically modulate the triplet exciton population by introducing a self-adaptive N-C═O structure to phosphors. The developed phosphors activated under high-power ultraviolet irradiation exhibited enhanced photoactivated organic ultralong room temperature phosphorescence (PA-OURTP) with lifetimes of up to ∼500 ms. The enhanced PA-OURTP was ascribed to activated N-C═O resonance variation-induced intersystem crossing to generate excess triplet excitons. The excellent PA-OURTP performance and ultralong deactivation time under ambient conditions of the developed materials could function as a reusable recorded medium for time-sensitive information encryption through optical printing. This study provides an effective approach to dynamically regulating triplet excitons and offers valuable guidance to develop high-performance PA-OURTP materials for security printing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaozhan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Ningning Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xudong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qianxiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Runfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shanxi, Xi'an 710072, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guan Z, Tang Z, Zeng J, Zheng Y, Ding L, Chen D, Li H, Liu X. Stepwise Stiffening Chromophore Strategy Realizes a Series of Ultralong Blue Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402632. [PMID: 38923328 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Ultralong room-temperature phosphorescent (URTP) materials have attracted wide attention in anti-counterfeiting, optoelectronic display, and bio-imaging due to their special optical properties. However, room-temperature blue phosphorescent materials are very scarce during applications because of the need to simultaneously populate and stabilize high-energy excited states. In this work, a stepwise stiffening chromophore strategy is proposed to suppress non-radiative jump by continuously reducing the internal spin of the chromophore, and successfully developing a series of blue phosphorescent materials. Phosphorescence lifetimes of more than 3 s are achieved, with the longest lifetime reaching 5.44 s and lasting more than 70 s in the naked eye. As far as is know, this is the best result that has been reported. By adjusting the chromophore conjugation, multicolor phosphorescences from cyan to green have been realized. In addition, these chromophores exhibit the same excellent optical properties in urea and polyvinyl alcohmance (PVA). Finally, these materials are successfully applied to luminescent displays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Guan
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Spectrum and Imaging Instrument, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhaorun Tang
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Spectrum and Imaging Instrument, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jianwen Zeng
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Spectrum and Imaging Instrument, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yuewei Zheng
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Spectrum and Imaging Instrument, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Lin Ding
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Spectrum and Imaging Instrument, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Dongzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials & Advanced Processing Technology, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, P. R. China
| | - Houbin Li
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Spectrum and Imaging Instrument, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xinghai Liu
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Spectrum and Imaging Instrument, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li J, Zhou H, Jin S, Xu B, Teng Q, Li C, Li J, Li Q, Gao Z, Zhu C, Wang Z, Su W, Yuan F. Achieving Bright and Long-Lived Aqueous Room-Temperature Phosphorescence of Carbon Nitrogen Dots Through In Situ Host-Guest Binding. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401493. [PMID: 38422537 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of bright and long-lived aqueous room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials holds paramount importance in broadening the application scope of RTP material system. However, the conventional RTP materials usually exhibit low efficiency and short lifetime in aqueous solution. Herein, an in situ host-guest strategy is proposed to achieve cyanuric acid (CA)-derived phosphorescent carbon nitrogen dots (CNDs) composite (CNDs@CA) that demonstrates a significant enhancement of both quantum yield (QY) and lifetime mediated by water. Detailed investigations reveal that the robust hydrogen bonding networks between CNDs@CA and water effectively stabilize triplet excitons and suppress nonradiative decays, as well as facilitate efficient energy transfer from CA to CNDs, thereby prolonging the lifetime and enhancing the efficiency of RTP. The phosphorescent QY and lifetime of CNDs@CA can be increased to 26.89% (3.9-fold increase) and 951.25 ms (5.5-fold increase), respectively, with the incorporation of 50 wt% water under ambient conditions. Even in fully aqueous environments (with up to 400 wt% water added), CNDs@CA exhibits persistent water-boosted RTP properties, demonstrating exceptional stability. The robust water-boosted RTP property of CNDs@CA in aqueous solutions presents significant potential for high signal-to-noise ratio afterglow bioimaging as well as advanced information encryption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Shan Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Qian Teng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chenhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jinsui Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qijun Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Chaofeng Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Zifei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Wen Su
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fanglong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma DX, Li ZQ, Tang K, Gong ZL, Shao JY, Zhong YW. Nylons with Highly-Bright and Ultralong Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescence. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4402. [PMID: 38782924 PMCID: PMC11116439 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endowing the widely-used synthetic polymer nylon with high-performance organic room-temperature phosphorescence would produce advanced materials with a great potential for applications in daily life and industry. One key to achieving this goal is to find a suitable organic luminophore that can access the triplet excited state with the aid of the nylon matrix by controlling the matrix-luminophore interaction. Herein we report highly-efficient room-temperature phosphorescence nylons by doping cyano-substituted benzimidazole derivatives into the nylon 6 matrix. These homogeneously doped materials show ultralong phosphorescence lifetimes of up to 1.5 s and high phosphorescence quantum efficiency of up to 48.3% at the same time. The synergistic effect of the homogeneous dopant distribution via hydrogen bonding interaction, the rigid environment of the matrix polymer, and the potential energy transfer between doped luminophores and nylon is important for achieving the high-performance room-temperature phosphorescence, as supported by combined experimental and theoretical results with control compounds and various polymeric matrices. One-dimensional optical fibers are prepared from these doped room-temperature phosphorescence nylons that can transport both blue fluorescent and green afterglow photonic signals across the millimeter distance without significant optical attenuation. The potential applications of these phosphorescent materials in dual information encryption and rewritable recording are illustrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Xue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang-Yang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pan Z, Song J, Zhang S, Zeng P, Mei J, Qu DH. Tailoring raloxifene into single-component molecular crystals possessing multilevel stimuli-responsive room-temperature phosphorescence. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1237-1248. [PMID: 38458915 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Simultaneously achieving room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and multiple-stimuli responsiveness in a single-component system is of significance but remains challenging. Crystallization has been recognized to be a workable strategy to fulfill the above task. However, how the molecular packing mode affects the intersystem crossing and RTP lifetime concurrently remains unclear so far. Herein, four economic small-molecular compounds, analogues of the famous drug raloxifene (RALO), are facilely synthesized and further explored as neat single-component and stimuli-responsive RTP emitters via crystallization engineering. Thanks to their simple structures and high ease to crystallize, these raloxifene analogues function as models to clarify the important role of molecular packing in the RTP and stimuli-responsiveness properties. Thorough combination of the single-crystal structure analysis and theoretical calculations clearly manifests that the tight antiparallel molecular packing mode is the key point to their RTP behaviors. Interestingly, harnessing the controllable and reversible phase transitions of the two polymorphs of RALO-OAc driven by mechanical force, solvent vapor, and heat, a single-component multilevel stimuli-responsive platform with tunable emission color is established and further exploited for optical information encryption. This work would shed light on the rational design of multi-stimuli responsive RTP systems based on single-component organics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Pan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jinming Song
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ju Mei
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuan X, Wang JX, Li Y, Huang H, Wang J, Shi T, Deng Y, Yuan Q, He R, Chu PK, Yu XF. Multilevel Information Encryption Based on Thermochromic Perovskite Microcapsules via Orthogonal Photic and Thermal Stimuli Responses. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10874-10884. [PMID: 38613774 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Increasing modal variations of stimulus-responsive materials ensure the high capacity and confidentiality of information storage and encryption systems that are crucial to information security. Herein, thermochromic perovskite microcapsules (TPMs) with dual-variable and quadruple-modal reversible properties are designed and prepared on the original oil-in-fluorine (O/F) emulsion system. The TPMs respond to the orthogonal variations of external UV and thermal stimuli in four reversible switchable modes and exhibit excellent thermal, air, and water stability due to the protection of perovskites by the core-shell structure. Benefiting from the high-density information storage TPMs, multiple information encryptions and decryptions are demonstrated. Moreover, a set of devices are assembled for a multilevel information encryption system. By taking advantage of TPMs as a "private key" for decryption, the signal can be identified as the corresponding binary ASCII code and converted to the real message. The results demonstrate a breakthrough in high-density information storage materials as well as a multilevel information encryption system based on switchable quadruple-modal TPMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Yuan
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Xin Wang
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hao Huang
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tongyu Shi
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Deng
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qiyu Yuan
- Guangdong Qiyue Future Technology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Rui He
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Biomedical Imaging Science and System Key Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hayashi K, Hirata S. High-Resolution Afterglow Patterning Using Cooperative Vapo- and Photo-Stimulation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308103. [PMID: 38018335 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Bright afterglow room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) soon after ceasing excitation is a promising technique for greatly increasing anti-counterfeiting capabilities. The development of a process for rapid high-resolution afterglow patterning of crystalline materials can improve both high-speed fabrication of anti-counterfeiting afterglow media and stable afterglow readout compared with those achieved with amorphous materials. Here, the high-resolution afterglow patterning of crystalline materials via cooperative organic vapo- and photo-stimulation is reported. A single crystal of (S)-(-)-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-5,5',6,6',7,7'8,8'-octahydro-1,1'-binaphthyl [(S)-H8-BINAP] doped with (S)-(-)-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl [(S)-BINAP] shows green afterglow RTP. Crystals of (S)-BINAP-doped (S)-H8-BINAP changed to an amorphous state with no afterglow capability on weak continuous photoirradiation under dichloromethane (DCM) vapor. Photoirradiation induced oxidation of the (S)-H8-BINAP host molecule in the crystal. The oxidized (S)-H8-BINAP forms on the crystal surface strongly interacted with DCM molecules, which induces melting of the (S)-BINAP-doped (S)-H8-BINAP crystal and trigger formation of an amorphous state without an afterglow capability. High-resolution afterglow patterning of the crystalline film is rapidly achieved by using cooperative organic vapo- and photo-stimulation. In addition to the benefit of rapid afterglow patterning, the formed afterglow images of the crystalline film can be repeatedly read out under ambient conditions without DCM vapor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kikuya Hayashi
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Shuzo Hirata
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu W, Huang G, Yang Z, Deng Z, Zhou C, Li JA, Li MD, Hu T, Tang BZ, Phillips DL. Nucleic-acid-base photofunctional cocrystal for information security and antimicrobial applications. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2561. [PMID: 38519517 PMCID: PMC10959985 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cocrystal engineering is an efficient and simple strategy to construct functional materials, especially for the exploitation of novel and multifunctional materials. Herein, we report two kinds of nucleic-acid-base cocrystal systems that imitate the strong hydrogen bond interactions constructed in the form of complementary base pairing. The two cocrystals studied exhibit different colors of phosphorescence from their monomeric counterparts and show the feature of rare high-temperature phosphorescence. Mechanistic studies reveal that the strong hydrogen bond network stabilizes the triplet state and suppresses non-radiative transitions, resulting in phosphorescence even at 425 K. Moreover, the isolation effects of the hydrogen bond network regulate the interactions between the phosphor groups, realizing the manipulation from aggregation to single-molecule phosphorescence. Benefiting from the long-lived triplet state with a high quantum yield, the generation of reactive oxygen species by energy transfer is also available to utilize for some applications such as in photodynamic therapy and broad-spectrum microbicidal effects. In vitro experiments show that the cocrystals efficiently kill bacteria on a tooth surface and significantly help prevent dental caries. This work not only provides deep insight into the relationship of the structure-properties of cocrystal systems, but also facilitates the design of multifunctional cocrystal materials and enriches their potential applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Guanheng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhan Yang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziqi Deng
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, 515031, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-An Li
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming-De Li
- Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, 515031, Guangdong, China.
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China.
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Honda J, Sugawa K, Honma K, Fukumura S, Katoh R, Tahara H, Otsuki J. Development of excitation power-responsive anti-stokes emission wavelength switching and their energy saving induced by localized surface plasmon resonance. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:47. [PMID: 38485894 PMCID: PMC10940560 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-03991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
We designed an external stimulus-responsive anti-Stokes emission switching using dual-annihilator-based triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion systems. This system, which was constructed by incorporating a palladium porphyrin derivative as a sensitizer and 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) and 9,10-bis(triisopropylsilyl)ethynylanthracene (TIPS) as annihilators into polymer thin films, produced TIPS- and DPA-based anti-Stokes emission under low and high excitation powers, respectively. The mechanism involves the following: under low excitation power, triplet energy transfer from triplet-excited PdOEP to DPA is induced, followed by relay to TIPS. This results in the generation of triplet-excited TIPS, and the subsequent triplet-triplet annihilation between them produces TIPS-based anti-Stokes emission. Conversely, under high excitation power, the high-density triplet-excited DPA, generated through triplet energy transfer from PdOEP, undergoes triplet-triplet annihilation among themselves, resulting in the generation of DPA-based anti-Stokes emission. Additionally, we achieved energy savings by reducing the required excitation power for switching through the utilization of plasmonic metal nanoparticles. The strong local electromagnetic fields associated with the localized surface plasmon resonance of metal nanoparticles enhance the photoexcitation efficiency of PdOEP, subsequently increasing the density of triplet-excited DPA. As a result, anti-Stokes emission switching becomes feasible at lower excitation powers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jotaro Honda
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-8308, Japan
| | - Kosuke Sugawa
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-8308, Japan
| | - Koki Honma
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-8308, Japan
| | - Seiya Fukumura
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-8308, Japan
| | - Ryuzi Katoh
- Department of Chemical Biology and Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Nihon University, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-8642, Japan
| | - Hironobu Tahara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Joe Otsuki
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-8308, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peng N, Li J, Hua Y, Zhao S, Li G. Lanthanide-Polyoxometalate-Based Film with Reversible Photochromism and Luminescent Switching Properties for Erasable Inkless Security Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7973-7982. [PMID: 38291594 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Security printing is of the utmost importance in the information era. However, the excessive use of inks and paper still faces many economic and environmental issues. Thus, developing erasable inkless security printing materials is a remarkable strategy to save resources, protect the environment, and improve information security. To this endeavor, a photoresponsive lanthanide-polyoxometalate-doped gelatin film with high transparency was developed through the solution casting method. Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions between gelatin and lanthanide-polyoxometalate. Absorption spectra, luminescent spectra, and digital images indicated that the film displayed reversible photochromism behavior and was accompanied by luminescent switching property upon exposure to UV irradiation and oxygen (in the dark) alternately, which allowed its potential application as a reprintable medium for inkless security printing. The printed information can be erased upon exposure to oxygen in the dark, and the film can be reused for printing again. The film exhibited excellent erasability, reprintability, renewability, and low toxicity. In addition, multiple encryption strategies were designed to improve information security. This work offers an attractive alternative strategy for constructing a reprintable film for inkless security printing in terms of simplifying the preparation process, saving resources, and protecting the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Peng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Jingfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yumei Hua
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Sicong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology (MOE), School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guangming Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao H, Jia X, Zhang M, Zhu L. Construction of Carbon Dots@LiCl-polyacrylamide with Humidity-Induced Ultralong Room-Temperature Phosphorescence to Fluorescence and Rigid-to-Flexible Transition Behavior. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300538. [PMID: 37877956 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The continuous advancement of luminescent materials has placed increasingly stringent requirements on dynamic color-tunable ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence (URTP) materials that can respond to external stimuli. Nevertheless, endowing URTP materials with stimuli-response-induced dynamic color tuning is a challenging task. This study introduces a carbon dots (CDs)@LiCl-polyacrylamide (PAM) polymer system that switches from URTP to fluorescence under humidity stimuli, accompanied by a transition from rigidity to flexibility. The obtained rigid CDs@LiCl-PAM exhibits ultralong green phosphorescence with a lifetime of 560 ms in the initial state. After absorbing moisture, it becomes flexible and its phosphorescence switches off. Moreover, the emission of the CDs@LiCl-PAM film depends on the excitation wavelength. This property can potentially used in multicolored luminescence applications and displays. Moreover, multicolor luminescent patterns can be constructed in situ using the water-absorption ability of the obtained thin film and the Förster resonance energy-transfer strategy. The proposed strategy is expected to promote the interdisciplinary development of intelligent information encryption, anti-counterfeiting, and smart flexible display materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, College of Future Technical, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaoyong Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, College of Future Technical, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liang LY, Chen BB, Gao YT, Lv J, Liu ML, Li DW. Aqueous Solution Enhanced Room Temperature Phosphorescence through Coordination-Induced Structural Rigidity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308180. [PMID: 37799108 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Achieving aqueous solution enhanced room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is critical for the applications of RTP materials in solution phase, but which faces a great challenge. Herein, for the first time, a strategy of coordination-induced structural rigidity is proposed to achieve enhanced quantum efficiency of aluminum/scandium-doped phosphorescent microcubes (Al/Sc-PMCs) in aqueous solution. The Al/Sc-PMCs in a dry state exhibit a nearly invisible blue RTP. However, they emit a strong RTP emission in aqueous solution with a RTP intensity increase of up to 22.16-times, which is opposite to common solution-quenched RTP. The RTP enhancement mechanism is attributed to the abundant metal sites (Al3+ and Sc3+ ions) on the Al/Sc-PMCs surface that can tightly combine with water molecules through the strong coordination. Subsequently, these coordinated water molecules as the bridging agent can bind with surface groups by hydrogen bonding interaction, thereby rigidifying chemical groups and inhibiting their motions, resulting in the transition from the nonradiative decay to the radiative decay, which greatly enhances the RTP efficiency of the Al/Sc-PMCs. This work not only develops a coordination rigidity strategy to enhance RTP intensity in aqueous solution, but also constructs a phosphorescent probe to achieve reliable and accurate determination of analyte in complex biological matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ya Liang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Bin Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), 2001 Longxiang Boulevard, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Ya Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Meng Li Liu
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), 2001 Longxiang Boulevard, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong, 518172, China
- Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Da Wei Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li H, Qu H, Zhang X, Chen M, Wang J. Coordination-assembled phosphorescent microstructure from RTP HOF and Eu 3+-doping ZGO:Mn phosphors for cancer biomarker amplification detection and information encryption. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:220-228. [PMID: 37713920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The ultra-long room temperature phosphorescent hydrogen-bonded organic framework (RTP HOF) materials can achieve long afterglow via ligand hydrogen bond interaction and water implement to suppress the non-radiative decays by matrices rigidification, and its electron donor conjugated structure is first developed as a phosphorescent quencher. The Eu3+/Mn2+ co-doped Zn2GeO4 phosphors (ZGO:Mn, Eu) with abundant metal sites and enhanced phosphorescence were synthesized as response factors and electron acceptors, combined with RTP HOFs to form microstructures featuring multi-color modulation, as an high-level anti-counterfeiting platform and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) detection unit. LPA is an ideal plasma biomarker for early diagnosis of ovarian and other gynecologic cancers. This detection strategy relies on the differential coordination substitution to restore ZGO:Mn, Eu phosphorescence through synergistic coordination of LPA and the hydrophobic assistance of LPA, and dual functional groups identification of LPA achieve specific detection at the nanomolar level. The anti-counterfeiting platform can fetch specific information by controlling the afterglow distinction and excited light from ZGO:Mn, Eu and RTP HOF. This study not only provides a typical case of the preparation of two phosphors with heterogeneous optical properties, but also expands the application field of combined phosphors as intelligent luminescent materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Hongli Qu
- Analytical and Testing Center, Northeastern University, Box 115, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Mingli Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China; Analytical and Testing Center, Northeastern University, Box 115, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chang B, Chen J, Bao J, Sun T, Cheng Z. Molecularly Engineered Room-Temperature Phosphorescence for Biomedical Application: From the Visible toward Second Near-Infrared Window. Chem Rev 2023; 123:13966-14037. [PMID: 37991875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorescence, characterized by luminescent lifetimes significantly longer than that of biological autofluorescence under ambient environment, is of great value for biomedical applications. Academic evidence of fluorescence imaging indicates that virtually all imaging metrics (sensitivity, resolution, and penetration depths) are improved when progressing into longer wavelength regions, especially the recently reported second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) window. Although the emission wavelength of probes does matter, it is not clear whether the guideline of "the longer the wavelength, the better the imaging effect" is still suitable for developing phosphorescent probes. For tissue-specific bioimaging, long-lived probes, even if they emit visible phosphorescence, enable accurate visualization of large deep tissues. For studies dealing with bioimaging of tiny biological architectures or dynamic physiopathological activities, the prerequisite is rigorous planning of long-wavelength phosphorescence, being aware of the cooperative contribution of long wavelengths and long lifetimes for improving the spatiotemporal resolution, penetration depth, and sensitivity of bioimaging. In this Review, emerging molecular engineering methods of room-temperature phosphorescence are discussed through the lens of photophysical mechanisms. We highlight the roles of phosphorescence with emission from visible to NIR-II windows toward bioapplications. To appreciate such advances, challenges and prospects in rapidly growing studies of room-temperature phosphorescence are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baisong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jiasheng Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Taolei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu J, Yu H, Siddique F, Baryshnikov GV, Wu H. Photoinduced Carbonyl Radical Luminescence in Host-Guest Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58888-58896. [PMID: 38083815 PMCID: PMC10739597 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Developing a free radical emission system in different states, especially in water, is highly challenging and desired. Herein, a host-guest coassembly strategy was used to protect the in situ photoactivated radical emission of carbonyl compounds in solid and aqueous solutions by doping them into a series of small molecules with hydroxyl groups. The intermolecular interactions between host and guest and the electron-donating ability of the hydroxyl group can significantly promote the formation and stabilization of luminescence by carbonyl radicals. Accordingly, the stimuli-responsive property of the free radical system was investigated in detail, and the self-assembled aggregates showed photoactive and thermoresponsive behaviors. In addition, an advanced ammonia compound identification system can be built based on a radical emission system. Our design strategy sheds light on developing free radical systems that can emit in various states, which will greatly broaden the application range of free radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Liu
- Key
Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education,
National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles,
College of Chemistry, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Huajie Yu
- Key
Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education,
National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles,
College of Chemistry, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Farhan Siddique
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Glib V. Baryshnikov
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Key
Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education,
National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles,
College of Chemistry, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yu FH, Jin R, Chang X, Li K, Cui G, Chen Y. Long-Persistent Circularly Polarized Luminescence from a Host-Guest System Regulated by the Multiple Roles of a Gold(I)-Carbene Motif. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312927. [PMID: 37776073 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The promotion of intersystem crossing (ISC) is critical for achieving a high-efficiency long-persistent luminescence (LPL) from organic materials. However, the use of a transition-metal complex for LPL materials has not been explored because it can also shorten the emission lifetime by accelerating the phosphorescence decay. Here, we report a new class of LPL materials by doping a monovalent Au-carbene complex into a boron-embedded molecular host. The donor-acceptor systems exhibit photoluminescence with both high efficiencies (>57 %) and long lifetimes (ca. 40 ms) at room temperature. It is revealed that the Au atom promotes the population of low-lying triplet excited states of the host aggregate (T1 *) which can be converted into the charge-transfer (CT) state, thereby resulting in afterglow luminescence. Moreover, the use of a chirality unit on the guest molecule results in the LPL being circularly polarized. This work illustrates that transition-metal complexes can be used for developing organic afterglow systems by exquisite control over the excited state mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Hu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials &, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Rui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P.R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials &, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Luo X, Tian B, Zhai Y, Guo H, Liu S, Li J, Li S, James TD, Chen Z. Room-temperature phosphorescent materials derived from natural resources. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:800-812. [PMID: 37749285 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials have enormous potential in many different areas. Additionally, the conversion of natural resources to RTP materials has attracted considerable attention. Owing to their inherent luminescent properties, natural materials can be efficiently converted into sustainable RTP materials. However, to date, only a few reviews have focused on this area of endeavour. Motivated by this lack of coverage, in this Review, we address this shortcoming and introduce the types of natural resource available for the preparation of RTP materials. We mainly focus on the inherent advantages of natural resources for RTP materials, strategies for activating and enhancing the RTP properties of the natural resources as well as the potential applications of these RTP materials. In addition, we discuss future challenges and opportunities in this area of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingxiang Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongda Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, P. R. China.
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liang Y, Liu M, Wang T, Mao J, Wang L, Liu D, Wang T, Hu W. UV-Curing-Enhanced Organic Long-Persistent Luminescence Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304820. [PMID: 37459472 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous organic long-persistent luminescence materials (OLPLMs) can realize simpler solution processing and large-area uniform luminescence, where the luminescent properties are significantly influenced by the rigid environment. However, research on utilizing the rigidity to promote long-persistent luminescence (LPL) properties of amorphous OLPLMs is still relatively rare due to the lack of an unambiguous and effective strategy to construct the rigid environment. Here, a universal strategy is proposed to enhance the LPL performance of organic host-guest doping systems by UV curing, which utilizes the rigid environment constructed by UV curing to promote the interaction between host and guest, thus inducing a generation of materials with highly efficient LPL performance. This solution-processable, large-area, and "easy-to-realize" material fabrication strategy can make amorphous OLPLMs show broader application prospects in some fields, such as anti-counterfeiting, nondestructive detection, and pattern marking or indication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science (TJ-MOS), Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Man Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science (TJ-MOS), Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science (TJ-MOS), Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiayi Mao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science (TJ-MOS), Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lichang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Dongzhi Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Tianyang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science (TJ-MOS), Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science (TJ-MOS), Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang L, Jin Y, Wang Y, Li W, Guo Z, Zhang J, Yuan L, Zheng C, Zheng Y, Chen R. High-Quality Circularly Polarized Organic Afterglow from Nonconjugated Amorphous Chiral Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:49623-49632. [PMID: 37816127 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic materials featuring circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and/or afterglow emission represent an active research frontier with promising applications in various fields, but the achievement of high-performance CPL organic afterglow (CPOA) remains a huge challenge due to the intrinsic contradictions between the luminescent lifetime/dissymmetry factor (glum) and phosphorescent quantum efficiency (PhQY). Herein, we report a simple and universal approach to design efficient CPOA from amorphous copolymers by incorporating chiral chromophores into a nonconjugated clusterization-triggered emissive polymer with plenty of hydron-bonding interactions, followed by aggregation engineering using water dissolution and evaporation. With this chiral copolymerization and aggregation engineering (CCAE) strategy, high-performance CPOA polymers with PhQYs of up to 6.32%, ultralong lifetimes of over 650 ms, glum values of 3.54 × 10-3, and the highest figure-of-merit were achieved at room temperature. Given the impressive CPOA performance of these polymers, the applications in multilevel data anticounterfeiting and reversible displays with high stability were demonstrated. These findings through the CCAE strategy to overcome the inherent restraints of CPOA materials lay the foundation for the development of amorphous polymers with superior CPOA, significantly expanding the understanding of CPL and the design of organic afterglow materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yishan Jin
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yike Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhenli Guo
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Youxuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Runfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhou B, Qi Z, Dai M, Xing C, Yan D. Ultralow-loss Optical Waveguides through Balancing Deep-Blue TADF and Orange Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Hybrid Antimony Halide Microstructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309913. [PMID: 37574452 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing the potential of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is crucial for developing light-emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers, sensors, and many others. However, effective strategies in this domain are still relatively scarce. This study presents a new approach to achieving highly efficient deep-blue TADF (with a PLQY of 25 %) and low-energy orange RTP (with a PLQY of 90 %) through the fabrication of lead-free hybrid halides. This new class of monomeric and dimeric 0D antimony halides can be facilely synthesized using a bottom-up solution process, requiring only a few seconds to minutes, which offer exceptional stability and nontoxicity. By leveraging the highly adaptable molecular arrangement and crystal packing modes, the hybrid antimony halides demonstrate the ability to self-assemble into regular 1D microrod and 2D microplate morphologies. This self-assembly is facilitated by multiple non-covalent interactions between the inorganic cores and organic shells. Notably, these microstructures exhibit outstanding polarized luminescence and function as low-dimensional optical waveguides with remarkably low optical-loss coefficients. Therefore, this work not only presents a pioneering demonstration of deep-blue TADF in hybrid antimony halides, but also introduces 1D and 2D micro/nanostructures that hold promising potential for applications in white LEDs and low-dimensional photonic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhong Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Meiqi Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Chang Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fan W, Cheng Y, Feng M, Liu P, Wang L, Liu Y, Cao QE, Zheng LY. Lanthanide Metal-Organic Framework Isomers with Novel Water-Boosting Lanthanide Luminescence Behaviors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:41977-41991. [PMID: 37606315 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) with exceptional optical performance and structural diversity offer a unique platform for the development of luminescent materials. However, Ln-MOFs often suffer from luminescence quenching by high-vibrating oscillators, especially in aqueous solution. Thus, multiple strategies have been adopted to improve the luminescence of Ln3+. Anomalous research about water-induced lanthanide luminescence enhancement of Ln-MOFs is in the primary stage. Here, two Eu-based metal-organic framework (Eu-MOF) isomers named QXBA-Eu-1 and QXBA-Eu-2 were constructed by using the same ligand under different solvent thermal conditions, which exhibited distinctive water- and methanol-boosting emission behaviors. As for QXBA-Eu-1, water and methanol molecules replaced the free N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) molecules in the framework, repressed the rotation or libration suppression of the QXBA linker, and formed hydrogen bonds with the coordinated water molecules, which suppressed the O-H high-energy vibrations, reduced nonradiative transitions, stabilized the T1 state, and facilitated the intersystem crossing (ISC) process. For QXBA-Eu-2, water molecules tended to replace the coordinated DMA ligands, which altered the S1 and T1 energy levels of the ligand and facilitated the ligand-to-metal energy transfer (LMET) process and strengthened the luminescence of Eu3+. Importantly, free solvent molecules and the hydroxylation of Eu3+ centers also restrained the rotation or libration of the QXBA linker, by which the nonradiative transition was further inhibited and the lanthanide luminescence enhanced. Thus, this work not only opened an unprecedented path to enhance lanthanide luminescence in aqueous solution but also expanded its application scope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Fan
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Yunnan University, No. 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yi Cheng
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Yunnan University, No. 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Mingxia Feng
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Yunnan University, No. 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Yunnan University, No. 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Longjie Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Yunnan University, No. 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yanxiong Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Yunnan University, No. 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-E Cao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Yunnan University, No. 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Li-Yan Zheng
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Yunnan University, No. 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wu Y, Sun D, Han X, Zhao Z, Liang F, Liu S. Synthesis of Naphthalimide Derivatives and Their Luminescence upon Complexation with Cucurbit[ n]uril Hosts. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12376-12384. [PMID: 37610314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of naphthalimide derivatives are synthesized and their binding behavior upon complexation with cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]s) has been investigated. With a heavy atom (bromine) on the naphthalimide core, 4-bromo-1,8-naphthalimide derivatives 1-4 show short room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) lifetimes with low quantum yields. Their RTP properties are significantly enhanced in the presence of CB[8] or CB[10] both in aqueous solution and solid state owing to the efficient suppression of nonradiative decay and isolation of quenching factors by the rigid cavity of CB[n]. Without the bromine atom, 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives 5 and 6 show strong excimer emission upon complexation with CB[10] accompanied by fluorescence transition from blue to cyan. The fluorescence colors of 4-(dimethylamino)-1,8-naphthalimide derivatives 7 and 8 change from blue to white to yellow with the addition of CB[n]. This host-guest complexation strategy to modulate the luminescence of the luminophore would further broaden the application of luminescent materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Xie Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Simin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lai J, Zhou B, Wang KZ, Yan D. Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets Boosting Red Long Afterglow via Highly Efficient Energy Transfer. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7165-7172. [PMID: 37540129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) based long-afterglow materials have shown broad application prospects in smart sensors, biological imaging, photodynamic therapy, and many others. However, the fabrication of red long-afterglow materials still faces a great challenge due to the competitive relationship between RTP efficiency and lifetime. In this work, we reported a series of layered double hydroxide (LDHs) nanosheets with red long-afterglow (quantum yield up to 42.35% and lifetime up to 256.77 ms) by taking advantage of the highly efficient triplet-triplet energy transfer from green phosphorescent LDHs to the red fluorescent dye rhodamine B (RhB, as a guest molecule). Specifically, the Zn-based LDHs@RhB composite (Zn-Al-LDH-4-CBBA@RhB) presents energy transfer efficiency as high as 95.18%, and the red long-afterglow could even be excited upon white-light irradiation. Benefiting from the time-resolved afterglow, the LDHs@RhB composites exhibit great potential in the fields of anticounterfeiting and information encryption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Lai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Zhi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gao W, Liu Z, Dai X, Sun W, Gong Q, Li J, Ge Y. Color-Tunable Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence: Commercially Available Triphenylmethylamine for UV-Light Response and Anticounterfeiting. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300450. [PMID: 37387329 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to the unclear mechanism and lack of effective design for color-tunable ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) in a single-component molecule, the development of new types of single-component UOP materials with color-tunable property remains challenging. Herein, commercially available triphenylmethylamine-based single-component phosphors featuring color-tunablity and ultralong lifetime (0.56 s) are reported. The changed afterglow colors from cyan to orange were observed after different wavelengths of UV excitation. Crystal structure and calculation studies show that multiple emission centers in the aggregated states may be responsible for the color-tunablity. In addition, visual probing of UV light (from 260 to 370 nm) and colorful anti-counterfeiting were conducted. More importantly, UV light ranging from 350 to 370 nm could be detected with the minimal interval of 2 nm. The findings provide a new type of single-component color-tunable UOP materials and shed new light on mechanism and design for such materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, P. R. China
| | - Zhenliang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, P. R. China
| | - Xianyin Dai
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, P. R. China
| | - Weitao Sun
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, P. R. China
| | - Qi Gong
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, P. R. China
| | - Jinwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Ge
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wei J, Zhu M, Du T, Li J, Dai P, Liu C, Duan J, Liu S, Zhou X, Zhang S, Guo L, Wang H, Ma Y, Huang W, Zhao Q. Full-color persistent room temperature phosphorescent elastomers with robust optical properties. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4839. [PMID: 37563116 PMCID: PMC10415293 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent room temperature phosphorescent materials with unique mechanical properties and robust optical properties have great potential in flexible electronics and photonics. However, developing such materials remains a formidable challenge. Here, we present highly stretchable, lightweight, and multicolored persistent luminescence elastomers, produced by incorporating ionic room temperature phosphorescent polymers and polyvinyl alcohol into a polydimethylsiloxane matrix. These prepared elastomers exhibit high optical transparency in daylight and emit bright persistent luminescence after the removal of 365 nm excitation. The homogeneous distribution of polymers within the matrix has been confirmed by confocal fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Mechanical property investigations revealed that the prepared persistent luminescence elastomers possess satisfactory stretchability. Impressively, these elastomers maintain robust optical properties even under extensive and repeated mechanical deformations, a characteristic previously unprecedented. These fantastic features make these persistent luminescence elastomers ideal candidates for potential applications in wearable devices, flexible displays, and anti-counterfeiting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Mingye Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Tingchen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jangang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Peiling Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chenyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xingcheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Sudi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Luo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P.R. China.
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Fabrication and Application of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang G, Li J, Deng X, Song X, Lu M, Zhu Y, Yu Z, Xu B, Li MD, Dang L. Construction and Application of Large Stokes-Shift Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence Materials by Intermolecular Charge Transfer. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6927-6934. [PMID: 37498211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Notably, the intermolecular charge transfer between pyrene (Py) and benzophonenes (BPs) can significantly enhance the quantum yield of the triplet state of Py, which will convert Py from a fluorescence molecule to a phosphorescence molecule. The intermolecular charge transfer is confirmed by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy and theoretical study. Based on these foundations, Py is doped into BPs systems and a large Stokes-shift organic room temperature phosphorescence (ORTP) is observed. By using different benzophenone derivatives, a series of host-guest ORTP materials with different luminescent properties adjusted by intermolecular charge transfer features are developed. Fortunately, these host-guest ORTP systems from benzophenone derivatives and pyrene are readily fabricated, and the red gradient color lasting as long as 3 s is observed after removing UV excitation. This host-guest charge transfer strategy plays an important role in the mechanism of the luminous type shift. Our strategy paves the way to design ORTP materials conveniently and apply these materials in encryption and temperature alarm device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Xin Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Xinluo Song
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Manlin Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Yuyi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Zidong Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Bingjia Xu
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ming-De Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Li Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fang H, Chen FH, Zhang SQ, Lin MJ. Three Semiconductive 1D Naphthalene Diimide/Iodoplumbate Perovskites with High Moisture Tolerance and Long-Lived Charge Separation States. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37267590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional inorganic-organic hybrid perovskites with high moisture tolerance and long-lived charge separation states have captured significant attention in the field of optoelectronic devices. To further achieve the relationship between crystal structures and stability, as well as charge separation behaviors, three one-dimensional hybrid perovskites containing electron-deficient naphthalene diimide ammonium (NDIEA) and electron-rich iodoplumbate chains, [(H2NDIEA)Pb2I6]·2DMF (1), [(H2NDIEA)2Pb5I14·(DMF)2]·4DMF (2), and [(HNDIEA)2Pb2I6]·3H2O (3), were synthesized. Crystal structure determinations revealed various synthesis conditions leading to different stacking modes, especially the inorganic lead iodide fraction, which resulted in different water resistances and charge-separated behaviors. The comprehensive analysis found that strong intermolecular interactions (anion-π interactions and π-π interactions), and matching energy levels between protonated NDIEA and iodoplumbate chains, can facilitate the generation of long-lived charge separation states and extraordinary moisture stability, even in the water environment. In addition, the conductivity behavior of 3 was also explored in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Fu-Hai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shu-Quan Zhang
- College of Zhicheng, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mei-Jin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xu L, Mo Y, Su N, Shi C, Sun N, Zhang Y, Duan L, Lu ZH, Ding J. D-O-A based organic phosphors for both aggregation-induced electrophosphorescence and host-free sensitization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1678. [PMID: 36966127 PMCID: PMC10039947 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pure organic phosphors capable of room-temperature phosphorescence show a great potential in organic light-emitting diodes, while it is limited by the big challenge to realize efficient electroluminescence under electric excitation. Herein, we develop a class of organic phosphors based on acridine as the electron donor, triazine as the electron acceptor and oxygen as the bridge between them. Benefitting from the characteristic donor-oxygen-acceptor geometry, these compounds are found to behave an exciting aggregation-induced organic room-temperature electrophosphorescence, and achieve a record-high external quantum efficiency of 15.8% for non-doped devices. Furthermore, they can sensitize multi-resonant emitters in the absence of any additional wide bandgap host, leading to an effective narrowband emission with a peak external quantum efficiency of 26.4% and a small full-width at half maximum of 26 nm. The results clearly indicate that donor-oxygen-acceptor geometry is a promising strategy to design organic phosphors suitable for organic light-emitting diodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulin Xu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Mo
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Su
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Changshen Shi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Sun
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Hong Lu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Junqiao Ding
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
- Southwest United Graduate School, 650092, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang T, Yong X, Yu J, Wang Y, Wu M, Yang Q, Hou X, Liu Z, Wang K, Yang X, Lu S, Zou B. Brightening Blue Photoluminescence in Nonemission MOF-2 by Pressure Treatment Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2211729. [PMID: 36960911 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
As equally essential as the synthesis of new materials, maneuvering new structure configurations can endow the brand-new functional properties to existing materials, which is also one of the core goals in the synthesis community. In this respect, pressure-induced emission (PIE) that triggers photoluminescence (PL) in nonemission materials is an emerging stimuli-responsive smart materials technology. In the PIE paradigms, harvesting bright PL at ambient conditions, however, has remained elusive. Herein, a remarkable PIE phenomenon is reported in initially nonemission Zn(BDC)(DMF)(H2 O) (MOF-2), which shows bright blue-emission at 455 nm under pressure. Intriguingly, the bright blue PL with an excellent photoluminescence quantum yield up to 70.4% is unprecedentedly retained to ambient conditions upon decompression from 16.2 GPa. The detailed structural analyses combined with density functional theory calculations reveal that hydrogen bonding cooperativity effect elevates powerfully the rotational barrier of the linker rotor to 3.87 eV mol-1 from initial 0.91 eV mol-1 through pressure treatment. The downgrade rotational freedom turns on PL of MOF-2 after releasing pressure completely. This is the first case of harvesting PIE to ambient conditions. These findings offer a new platform for the creation of promising alternatives to high-performance PL materials based on initially nonemission counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Synergetic Extreme Condition High-Pressure Science Center, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Yong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Jingkun Yu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Synergetic Extreme Condition High-Pressure Science Center, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Synergetic Extreme Condition High-Pressure Science Center, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Synergetic Extreme Condition High-Pressure Science Center, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Xuyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Synergetic Extreme Condition High-Pressure Science Center, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Synergetic Extreme Condition High-Pressure Science Center, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Synergetic Extreme Condition High-Pressure Science Center, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Synergetic Extreme Condition High-Pressure Science Center, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Bo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Synergetic Extreme Condition High-Pressure Science Center, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kawaguchi K, Ito M, Kubo Y. Chemometrics-assisted mechanism study of the room-temperature phosphorescence on nanoscopic boronate assemblies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3130-3133. [PMID: 36810643 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc07049a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Boronate assemblies, derived from benzene-1,4-diboronic acid, showed room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in both the solid-state and dispersions, being quite sensitive to the preparation conditions. Our chemometrics-assisted quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) analysis between the nanostructure and RTP behavior of boronate assemblies led us not only to understand their RTP mechanism but also to predict the RTP properties of unknown assemblies from the PXRD patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaede Kawaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Masato Ito
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Yuji Kubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li Z, Liao L, Wang X, Mu Y, Huo Y, Su ZM, Liang FS. Boosting the Phosphorescence Efficiency in Doped Organic Crystals: Critical Role of Hydrogen Bonding. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2187-2192. [PMID: 36861336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Host-guest doping systems with phthalimides (BI) and N-methylphthalimide (NMeBI) as the host and 1,8-naphthalimide (NI) and 4-bromo-1,8-naphthalimide (4BrNI) as the guest have been developed. The 0.2% NI/BI (molar ratio) with a strong C=O···H-N hydrogen bond exhibited a phosphorescence quantum efficiency (29.2%) higher than that of NI/NMeBI with a weak C=O···H-C hydrogen bond (10.1%). A similar trend was observed in the 4BrNI guest system. A remarkable phosphorescent efficiency of 42.1% was achieved in a 0.5% 4BrNI/BI composite, which represents the highest value in NI-based phosphors. This research indicates stronger hydrogen bonding may have a greater contribution in boosting the phosphorescence efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijuan Li
- Institute of Organic Luminescent Materials (IOLM), College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Liyun Liao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiangming Wang
- Institute of Organic Luminescent Materials (IOLM), College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Yingxiao Mu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fu-Shun Liang
- Institute of Organic Luminescent Materials (IOLM), College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wu Y, Chen X, Wu W. Multiple Stimuli-Response Polychromatic Carbon Dots for Advanced Information Encryption and Safety. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206709. [PMID: 36642825 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical information encryption and safety have aroused great attention since they are closely correlated to data protection and information safety. The development of multiple stimuli-response optical materials for constructing large-capacity information encryption and safety is very important for practical applications. Carbon dots (CDs) have many gratifying merits, such as polychromatic emission, diverse luminous categories, and stable physicochemical properties, and are considered as one of the most ideal candidates for information protection. Herein, carbon core, functional groups, solvents, and other crucial factors are reviewed for outputting polychromatic emission of multiple luminous categories. In particular, substrate engineering strategies have been emphasized for their critical role in yielding excellent optical features of multiple luminous categories. High-capacity information encryption and safety strategies are reviewed by relying on the rich optical properties of CDs, such as polychromatic emission, multiple luminous categories of fluorescence, afterglow, and upconversion, as well as external-stimuli-assisted optical changes. Some perspectives for preparing excellent CDs and further developing information security strategies are proposed. This review provides a good reference for the manipulation of polychromatic CDs and the development of next-generation information encryption and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youfusheng Wu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lei Y, Dai W, Li G, Zhang Y, Huang X, Cai Z, Dong Y. Stimulus-Responsive Organic Phosphorescence Materials Based on Small Molecular Host-Guest Doped Systems. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1794-1807. [PMID: 36763033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Small molecular host-guest doped materials exhibit superiority toward high-efficiency room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials due to their structural design diversity and ease of preparation. Dynamic RTP materials display excellent characteristics, such as good reversibility, quick response, and tunable luminescence ability, making them applicable to various cutting-edge technologies. Herein, we summarize the advances in host-guest doped dynamic RTP materials that respond to external and internal stimuli and present some insights into the molecular design strategies and underlying mechanisms. Subsequently, specific viewpoints are described regarding this promising field for the development of dynamic RTP materials. This Perspective is highly beneficial for future intelligent applications of dynamic RTP systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Lei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wenbo Dai
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Gengchen Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Yuping Dong
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jie Y, Wang D, Chen R, Zhang J, Li W, Huang J, Dai P, Gao Y, Li F, Fang J. Deep-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence carbon dots with ultralong lifetime. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3337-3344. [PMID: 36722749 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05104d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) with deep-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) of more than 2 s were developed, exhibiting the longest lifetime to date. In contrast to the established deep-blue TADF systems, this developed CD-based system (BNCDs) could be facilely and effectively synthesized, and more impressively, the emission lasted for more than 16 s (to the naked eye). XRD, TEM, FT-IR, and XPS analyses were conducted, and structural characterizations indicated that the CDs formed hydrogen bonding with B2O3. The temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectra demonstrated the existence of thermally activated delayed fluorescence in the composite. Further studies revealed that the B2O3 matrix restricted the vibration and rotation of CD chromophores and suppressed the non-radiative recombination of triplet excitons. Last but not least, potential applications in bioimaging, anti-counterfeiting, and information encryption were also explored. This work can provide new insights for developing metal-free and ultralong lifetime afterglow materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Jie
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Runfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Wenqi Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Shaanxi Lifegene Company, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Penggao Dai
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Shaanxi Lifegene Company, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Fuchun Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Jiawen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
How temperature and hydrostatic pressure impact organic room temperature phosphorescence from H-aggregation of planar triarylboranes and the application in bioimaging. Sci China Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
|
36
|
Song Z, Shang Y, Lou Q, Zhu J, Hu J, Xu W, Li C, Chen X, Liu K, Shan CX, Bai X. A Molecular Engineering Strategy for Achieving Blue Phosphorescent Carbon Dots with Outstanding Efficiency above 50. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207970. [PMID: 36413559 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient emission has been a long-lasting pursuit for carbon dots (CDs) owing to their enormous potential in optoelectronic applications. Nevertheless, their room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) performance still largely lags behind their outstanding fluorescence emission, especially in the blue spectral region. Herein, high-efficiency blue RTP CDs have been designed and constructed via a simple molecular engineering strategy, enabling CDs with an unprecedented phosphorescence quantum efficiency of to 50.17% and a long lifetime of 2.03 s. This treating route facilitates the formation of high-density (n, π*) configurations in the CD π-π conjugate system through the introduction of abundant functional groups, which can evoke a strong spin-orbit coupling and further promote the intersystem crossing from singlet to triplet excited states and radiative recombination from triplet excited states to ground state. With blue phosphorescent CDs as triplet donors, green, red, and white afterglow composites are successfully fabricated via effective phosphorescence Förster resonance energy transfer. Importantly, the color temperature of the white afterglow emission can be widely and facilely tuned from cool white to pure white and warm white. Moreover, advanced information encryption, light illumination, and afterglow/dynamic visual display have been demonstrated when using these multicolor-emitting CD-based afterglow systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijiang Song
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon & Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Shang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Qing Lou
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Jinyang Zhu
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon & Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Hu
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon & Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
- Longzihu New Energy Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of New Energy and Rare Earth Resource Utilization of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Key Laboratory of Photosensitive Materials and Devices of Liaoning Province, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian, 116600, P. R. China
| | - Changchang Li
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon & Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Kaikai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Chong-Xin Shan
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Xu X, Yan B. Recent advances in room temperature phosphorescence materials: design strategies, internal mechanisms and intelligent optical applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1457-1475. [PMID: 36597905 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05063c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials comprising organic-inorganic hybrid, pure organic, and polymer RTP materials have been a research focus due to their tunable molecular structures, long emission lifetimes and extensive optical applications. Many design methods including halogen bonding interactions, heavy atom effect, metal-organic frameworks, polymerization, host-guest doping, and H-aggregation have been developed by RTP researchers. Narrowing the energy gap between the S1 and lowest Tn states, enhancing the intersystem crossing (ISC) rate, increasing the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) value and stabilizing triplet emission states are the core factors to promoting RTP performance. In this review, lots of cases of organic-inorganic hybrid, pure organic, and polymer RTP materials with advanced design strategies, excellent RTP properties and intelligent applications have been classified and sorted. Their molecule structural designability and stimulus responsiveness endow them with RTP adjustability, which makes them excellent phosphors for modern optical applications. This review provides a systematic case elaboration of typical RTP systems in recent years and identifies the future challenges to improving RTP performance and finding novel applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Bing Yan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zheng X, Han Q, Lin Q, Li C, Jiang J, Guo Q, Ye X, Yuan WZ, Liu Y, Tao X. A processable, scalable, and stable full-color ultralong afterglow system based on heteroatom-free hydrocarbon doped polymers. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:197-208. [PMID: 36331106 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00998f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) organic materials are a widely-studied topic especially popular in recent decades, long-lived RTP able to fulfil broad time-resolved application requirements reliably, are still rare. Polymeric materials doped with phosphorescent chromophores generally feature high productivity and diverse applications, compared with their crystalline counterparts. This study proves that pure polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may even outperform chromophores containing hetero- or heavy-atoms. Full-color (blue, green, orange and red) polymer-PAHs with lifetimes >5000 ms under ambient conditions are constructed, which provide impressive values compared to the widely reported polymer-based RTP materials in the respective color regions. The polymer-PAHs could be fabricated on a large-scale using various methods (solution, melt and in situ polymerization), be processed into diverse forms (writing ink, fibers, films, and complex 3D architectures), and be used in a range of applications (anti-counterfeiting, information storage, and oxygen sensors). Plus their environmental (aqueous) stability makes the polymer-PAHs a promising option to expand the portfolio of organic RTPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Quanxiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Qinglian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Cuicui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Jinke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Qing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Wang Zhang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Xutang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gu J, Li Z, Li Q. From single molecule to molecular aggregation science. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
40
|
Liu Q, Li D, Lei X, Chen Y, Wang J, Liu A, Han B, He G. CuNCs-MOFs with hydrogen bonding sites: H2O-induced emission-enhanced phosphorescence-fluorescence conversion and high photo-Fenton catalytic performance. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
41
|
Zhang Q, Huang C, Zhang Y, Guo M. Water-soluble polymers with aggregation-induced emission and ultra-long room temperature phosphorescence. Polym Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3py00138e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Achieving sky blue fluorescence emission and durable green RTP emission materials under air conditions by free radical polymerization.
Collapse
|
42
|
Shi Y, Zeng Y, Kucheryavy P, Yin X, Zhang K, Meng G, Chen J, Zhu Q, Wang N, Zheng X, Jäkle F, Chen P. Dynamic B/N Lewis Pairs: Insights into the Structural Variations and Photochromism via Light-Induced Fluorescence to Phosphorescence Switching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213615. [PMID: 36287039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ultralong afterglow emissions due to room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are of paramount importance in the advancement of smart sensors, bioimaging and light-emitting devices. We herein present an efficient approach to achieve rarely accessible phosphorescence of heavy atom-free organoboranes via photochemical switching of sterically tunable fluorescent Lewis pairs (LPs). LPs are widely applied in and well-known for their outstanding performance in catalysis and supramolecular soft materials but have not thus far been exploited to develop photo-responsive RTP materials. The intramolecular LP M1BNM not only shows a dynamic response to thermal treatment due to reversible N→B coordination but crystals of M1BNM also undergo rapid photochromic switching. As a result, unusual emission switching from short-lived fluorescence to long-lived phosphorescence (rad-M1BNM, τRTP =232 ms) is observed. The reported discoveries in the field of Lewis pairs chemistry offer important insights into their structural dynamics, while also pointing to new opportunities for photoactive materials with implications for fast responsive detectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Pavel Kucheryavy
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Guoyun Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jinfa Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang J, Xu S, Zhang L, Wang X, Bian Y, Tang S, Zhang R, Tao Y, Huang W, Chen R. Highly Efficient and Robust Full-Color Organic Afterglow through 2D Superlattices Embedment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206712. [PMID: 36086873 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Purely organic afterglow (POA) originating from the slow radiative decay of stabilized triplet excited states has shown amazing potential in many fields. However, achieving highly stable POA with high phosphorescent quantum yield (PhQY) and long lifetime is still a formidable challenge owing to the intrinsically active and sensitive nature of triplet excitons. Here, triplet excitons of phosphors are protected and stabilized by embedding in tricomponent trihapto self-assembled 2D hydrogen-bonded superlattices, which not only enables deep-blue POA with high PhQY (up to 65%), ultralong lifetime (over 1300 ms) and the highest figure-of-merit at room temperature, but also achieves excellent stability capable of resisting quenching effects of oxygen, solvent, pressure, light, and heat. In addition, the POA color is tuned from deep-blue to red via efficient Förster resonance energy transfer from the deep-blue POA emitters to the fluorophores. Moreover, with the high-performance, robust, and full-color POA materials, flexible anti-counterfeit displays and direct-current (DC)-driven lifetime-encrypted color Morse Code applications are facilely realized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Longyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanfang Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Senlin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Runqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, China
| | - Runfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jiang L, Li J, Peng N, Gao M, Fu DY, Zhao S, Li G. Reversible stimuli responsive lanthanide-polyoxometalate-based luminescent hydrogel with shape memory and self-healing properties for advanced information security storage. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
45
|
Long Z, Shen S, Yuan H. Dy(III)-coordination imprinted self-assembly microspheres based on a silica core for highly sensitive and selective detection of two carbamate pesticides. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:4077-4084. [PMID: 36197096 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01269c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbamate (CB) pesticides possess potential carcinogenic and mutagenic activities towards humans even at very low dosages. Thus, broad-specificity probes with high sensitivity and speed are needed for multiple CB determination. This study is the first to focus on Dy3+ ions-coordinated self-assembly on a silica core using a surface imprinting procedure, for the simultaneous fluorometric detection of residues of metolcarb (MC) and pirimicarb (PC) insecticides. A simple and mild solvothermal method was applied for the preparation of fluorescent imprinted microspheres starting from 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen)-ligated Dy3+ ions to guide imprinted self-assembly of chitosan (CTS), glutaraldehyde (GA), and two carbamate pesticides (MC and PC) on the silica surface by means of coordinate bonds and hydrogen bonds. The as-prepared microspheres displayed strong fluorescence emissions via the antenna effect derived from the Phen ligand and the Schiff base oligomers for sensitizing the Dy3+ ions. An expanded in-depth mechanism study was performed on the fluorescence enhancement involving Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the pesticides (donor) to the acceptor. A linear increase in fluorescence at 483 nm for MC and 574 nm for PC upon the imprinted microspheres was observed under the same 350 nm excitation wavelength. Moreover, the quantitative recognition process could be carried out simultaneously and tolerate strong distractions both from five other similar carbamate insecticides and from complicated matrices (e.g., an extract of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat). The detection limit was 4 ng mL-1 with a range of 10-60 ng mL-1 for MC and 0.4 ng mL-1 with a range of 1-30 ng mL-1 for PC. Further characterization of the material, including TEM, SEM, XPS, and FTIR, Raman, and fluorescence spectra, verified that the Dy3+ ions play a decisive role in promoting imprinted self-assembly around the silica core. Hence, a novel polynuclear Ln-organic imprinted probe having high selectivity, stability, and sensitivity for the detection of two carbamate insecticides is presented in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zerong Long
- State Key Laboratory of Market Supervision, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Urumqi, China.
| | - Shilin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Market Supervision, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Urumqi, China.
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Market Supervision, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Urumqi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lou L, Xu T, Li Y, Zhang C, Wang B, Zhang X, Zhang H, Qiu Y, Yang J, Wang D, Cao H, He W, Yang Z. H-Bonding Room Temperature Phosphorescence Materials via Facile Preparation for Water-Stimulated Photoluminescent Ink. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196482. [PMID: 36235020 PMCID: PMC9571649 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pure organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials built upon noncovalent interactions have attracted much attention because of their high efficiency, long lifetime, and stimulus-responsive behavior. However, there are limited reports of noncovalent RTP materials because of the lack of specific design principles and clear mechanisms. Here, we report on a noncovalent material prepared via facile grinding that can emit fluorescence and RTP emission differing from their components’ photoluminescent behavior. Exciplex can be formed during the preparation process to act as the minimum emission unit. We found that H-bonds in the RTP system provide restriction to nonradiative transition but also enhance energy transformation and energy level degeneracy in the system. Moreover, water-stimulated photoluminescent ink is produced from the materials to achieve double-encryption application with good resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhou Yang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-62333759
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Shen S, Sun Y, Wang D, Zhang Z, Shi YE, Wang Z. Efficient blue TADF-type organic afterglow material via boric acid-assisted confinement. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11418-11421. [PMID: 36128803 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04544c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A heat treatment method is developed to produce blue afterglow materials, achieving a photoluminescence quantum yield of 65% and an emission lifetime of 0.18 s (afterglow: >2 s). The afterglow is attributed to TADF of norfloxacin, activated by the confinement effect of boric acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Yuena Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Donghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Yu-E Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Zhenguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dai M, Zhou B, Fang X, Yan D. Two-Dimensional Hybrid Perovskitoid Micro/nanosheets: Colorful Ultralong Phosphorescence, Delayed Fluorescence, and Anisotropic Optical Waveguide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:40223-40231. [PMID: 35998354 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular persistent luminescence, such as room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), have attracted broad attention in the fields of biological imaging, information security, and optoelectronic devices. However, the development of molecular micro/nanostructures combining both RTP and TADF properties is still in an early stage. Herein, a new type of organic metal hybrid perovskitoid (OMHP) two-dimensional (2D) microcrystal has been fabricated through a facile solution method. The long-lived TADF-RTP dual emission can be highly tuned by changing the excitation wavelength, temperature, and decayed time. Moreover, the 2D OMHP microsheet exhibits an asymmetric and anisotropic optical waveguide with low optical loss coefficient, together with extremely high linearly polarized fluorescence-phosphorescence emission (anisotropy = 0.96), which is promising for the development of polarization-sensitive luminescent materials. Therefore, this work not only demonstrates new OMHP showing colorful persistent luminescence under different modes (such as excitation wavelength, temperature, polarization, lifetime, and dimension) but also takes advantage of the 2D micro/nanostructure to provide potential applications as optical logic gates and for delicate multiple information encryption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zheng X, Huang Y, Lv W, Fan J, Ling Q, Lin Z. Nearly Unity Quantum Yield Persistent Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from Heavy Atom‐Free Rigid Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207104. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Yuanshan Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Wei Lv
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Jianzhong Fan
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
| | - Qidan Ling
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Zhenghuan Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fuzhou 350007 China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Guo Y, Chen K, Hu Z, Lei Y, Liu X, Liu M, Cai Z, Xiao J, Wu H, Huang X. Metal Ions as the Third Component Coordinate with the Guest to Stereoscopically Enhance the Phosphorescence Properties of Doped Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7607-7617. [PMID: 35950964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The construction of multicomponent doped systems is an important direction for the development of phosphorescence materials. Herein, benzophenone is selected as the host, phenylquinoline isomers are designed as guests, and seven metal ions are selected as the third component (Al3+, Cu+/2+, Zn2+, Ga3+, Ag+, Cd2+, and In3+) to construct the three-component doped system. Ag+ and Cd2+ can considerably increase the emission intensity up to 38 times, and the highest phosphorescence quantum efficiency reaches 70%. Al3+, Ga3+, and In3+ can prolong the emission wavelength, and the phosphorescence wavelength can be red-shifted up to 60 nm. Cu2+, Ga3+, and In3+ can extend the phosphorescence lifetime by a maximum of 3.6 times. A series of experiments demonstrated that the coordination of metals and guests is the key to improve the phosphorescence properties. This work presents a simple and effective strategy to enhance the phosphorescence properties of doped materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China
| | - Kaijun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China
| | - Zechen Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China
| | - Yunxiang Lei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China
| | - Miaochang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, P.R. China
| | - Jiawen Xiao
- Institute of Microstructureand Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P.R. China
| | - Huayue Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|