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Hamada M, Orimoto G, Yoshida S. Click assembly through selective azaylide formation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7930-7933. [PMID: 38984520 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02723j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
An efficient triple-click assembly using a newly designed trivalent platform is disclosed. We achieved the selective azaylide formation of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl azides with o-ester-substituted triarylphosphines leaving 2,6-dichlorophenyl azides untouched. Further rapid Staudinger reaction of dichlorophenyl azides and subsequent triazole formation allowed us to prepare trifunctionalized molecules in three steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayo Hamada
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan.
| | - Gaku Orimoto
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan.
| | - Suguru Yoshida
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan.
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2
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Bieniek J, Nater DF, Eberwein SL, Schollmeyer D, Klein M, Waldvogel SR. Efficient and Sustainable Electrosynthesis of N-Sulfonyl Iminophosphoranes by the Dehydrogenative P-N Coupling Reaction. JACS AU 2024; 4:2188-2196. [PMID: 38938819 PMCID: PMC11200248 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Iminophosphoranes are commonly used reagents in organic synthesis and are, therefore, of great interest. An efficient and sustainable iodide-mediated electrochemical synthesis of N-sulfonyl iminophosphoranes from readily available phosphines and sulfonamides is reported. This method features low amounts of supporting electrolytes, inexpensive electrode materials, a simple galvanostatic setup, and high conversion rates. The broad applicability could be demonstrated by synthesizing 20 examples in yields up to 90%, having diverse functional groups including chiral moieties and biologically relevant species. Furthermore, electrolysis was performed on a 20 g scale and could be run in repetitive mode by recycling the electrolyte, which illustrates the suitability for large-scale production. A reaction mechanism involving electrochemical mediation by the iodide-based supporting electrolyte is proposed, completely agreeing with all of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica
C. Bieniek
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10–14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Darryl F. Nater
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10–14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34–36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Sara L. Eberwein
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10–14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10–14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Klein
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10–14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10–14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
of Biological and Chemical Systems—Functional Molecular Systems
(IBCS-FMS), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz
1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34–36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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3
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Suzuki H, Akiyama Y, Yamashina M, Tanaka Y, Toyota S. Transformation of Highly Hydrophobic Triarylphosphines into Amphiphiles via Staudinger Reaction with Hydrophilic Trichlorophenyl Azide. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202303017. [PMID: 37766651 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its hydrophobic properties and reactivity, triarylphosphines (PAr3 ) are promising precursors for the development of new amphiphiles. However, an efficient and reliable synthetic method for amphiphiles based on highly hydrophobic PAr3 is still required. Herein, a straightforward transformation of highly hydrophobic PAr3 into amphiphiles via the Staudinger reaction is reported. By simply mixing PAr3 and a hydrophilic trichlorophenyl azide containing two hydrophilic chains, amphiphiles bearing a N=P bond (i. e., an azaylide moiety) were quantitatively formed. The obtained azaylide-based amphiphiles were remarkably water-soluble, enabling their spontaneous self-assembly into 2 nm-sized micelles composed of 4-5 molecules in water with a low critical micelle concentration (up to 0.05 mM or less) due to the effective intermolecular interactions among the hydrophobic surfaces. Although the azaylide moiety is easily hydrolyzed in the presence of water, the azaylide in the amphiphiles displayed notable stability in water even at 60 h, which stems from the LUMO modulation induced by the presence of three electron-withdrawing chloro groups and two twisted alkoxycarbonyl groups, according to DFT calculations. An amphiphile having a large hydrophobic surface solubilized various hydrophobic organic dyes through efficient intermolecular interactions, resulting in the dyes exhibiting either monomer or excimer emissions in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayate Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yoshimori Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamashina
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yuya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shinji Toyota
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
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YOSHIZAWA M, CATTI L. Aromatic micelles: toward a third-generation of micelles. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2023; 99:29-38. [PMID: 36631075 PMCID: PMC9851959 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.99.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Micelles are useful and widely applied molecular assemblies, formed from amphiphilic molecules, in water. The majority of amphiphiles possess an alkyl chain as the hydrophobic part. Amphiphiles bearing hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer chains generate so-called polymeric micelles in water. This review focuses on the recent progress of "aromatic micelles", formed from bent polyaromatic/aromatic amphiphiles, for the development of third-generation micelles. Thanks to multiple host-guest interactions, e.g., the hydrophobic effect and π-π/CH-π interactions, the present micelles display wide-ranging uptake abilities toward various hydrophobic compounds in water. In addition to such host functions, new stimuli-responsive aromatic micelles with pH, light, and redox switches, aromatic oligomer micelles, saccharide-coated aromatic micelles, and related cycloalkane-based micelles were recently developed by our group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michito YOSHIZAWA
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Lorenzo CATTI
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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Saha S, Chen YT, Ganta S, Gilles M, Holzapfel B, Lill P, Rehage H, Gatsogiannis C, Clever GH. Coordination Cage-Based Emulsifiers: Templated Formation of Metal Oxide Microcapsules Monitored by In Situ LC-TEM. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103406. [PMID: 34825743 PMCID: PMC9299919 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Metallo‐supramolecular self‐assembly has yielded a plethora of discrete nanosystems, many of which show competence in capturing guests and catalyzing chemical reactions. However, the potential of low‐molecular bottom‐up self‐assemblies in the development of structured inorganic materials has rarely been methodically explored so far. Herein, we present a new type of metallo‐supramolecular surfactant with the ability to stabilize non‐aqueous emulsions for a significant period. The molecular design of the surfactant is based on a heteroleptic coordination cage (CGA‐3; CGA=Cage‐based Gemini Amphiphile), assembled from two pairs of organic building blocks, grouped around two Pd(II) cations. Shape‐complementarity between the differently functionalized components generates discrete amphiphiles with a tailor‐made polarity profile, able to stabilize non‐aqueous emulsions, such as hexadecane‐in‐DMSO. These emulsions were used as a medium for the synthesis of spherical metal oxide microcapsules (titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, and niobium oxide) from soluble, water‐sensitive alkoxide precursors by allowing a controlled dosage of water to the liquid‐liquid phase boundary. Synthesized materials were analyzed by a combination of electron microscopic techniques. In situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LC‐TEM) was utilized for the first time to visualize the dynamics of the emulsion‐templated formation of hollow inorganic titanium oxide and zirconium oxide microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yen-Ting Chen
- Center of Molecular Spectroscopy and Simulation of Solvent-driven Processes (ZEMOS), Ruhr-University, Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sudhakar Ganta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Markus Gilles
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Björn Holzapfel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Pascal Lill
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Straße 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Heinz Rehage
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christos Gatsogiannis
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Straße 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Busso-Peus Str. 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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