1
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Goller A, Obenauf J, Kretschmer WP, Kempe R. The Highly Controlled and Efficient Polymerization of Ethylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216464. [PMID: 36541599 PMCID: PMC10108248 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The highly controlled and efficient polymerization of ethylene is a very attractive but challenging target. Herein we report on a Coordinative Chain Transfer Polymerization catalyst, which combines a high degree of control and very high activity in ethylene oligo- or polymerization with extremely high chain transfer agent (triethylaluminum) to catalyst ratios (catalyst economy). Our Zr catalyst is long living and temperature stable. The chain length of the polyethylene products increases over time under constant ethylene feed or until a certain volume of ethylene is completely consumed to reach the expected molecular weight. Very high activities are observed if the catalyst elongates 60 000 or more alkyl chains and the polydispersity of the strictly linear polyethylene materials obtained are very low. The key for the combination of high control and efficiency seems to be a catalyst stabilized by only one strongly bound monoanionic N-ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Goller
- Anorganische Chemie II-Katalysatordesign, Sustainable Chemistry Centre, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, NW I, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Johannes Obenauf
- Anorganische Chemie II-Katalysatordesign, Sustainable Chemistry Centre, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, NW I, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Winfried P Kretschmer
- Anorganische Chemie II-Katalysatordesign, Sustainable Chemistry Centre, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, NW I, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rhett Kempe
- Anorganische Chemie II-Katalysatordesign, Sustainable Chemistry Centre, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, NW I, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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2
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Burgenson WR, Wentz CM, Sita LR. Tailoring Glass Transition Temperature in a Series of Poly(methylene-1,3-cyclopentane- stat-cyclohexane) Statistical Copolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:101-106. [PMID: 36598863 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A systematic investigation of the synthesis and characterization of a new class of amorphous atactic cis, trans poly(methylene-1,3-cyclopentane-stat-cyclohexane) statistical copolymers (I) is reported. Production of different grades of I that vary with respect to the ratio of 5- and 6-membered cycloalkane repeat units was achieved through the living coordinative chain transfer cyclopolymerization of different initial feed ratios of 1,5-hexadiene and 1,6-heptadiene comonomers. It was determined that the glass transition temperature, Tg, of I can be systematically increased from -16 to 100 °C as a function of increasing 6-membered ring content, although not in a strictly linear fashion. It was further determined that a small level of 6-membered ring content is sufficient to disrupt the crystallinity of the limiting atactic cis, trans poly(methylene-1,3-cyclopentane) (PMCP) homopolymer that possesses a melting temperature, Tm, of 98 °C. These results establish a foundation for future potential technological applications of this unique class of polyolefin copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Burgenson
- Laboratory for Applied Catalyst Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Charlotte M Wentz
- Laboratory for Applied Catalyst Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lawrence R Sita
- Laboratory for Applied Catalyst Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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3
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Kuzminski BRS, Fischbach DM, Yap GPA, Sita LR. Migratory Insertion into a Hafnium–Phenyl Bond and a Ligand-Assisted Mechanism for Reversible Chain Transfer in the Living Coordinative Polymerization of Olefins. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan R. S. Kuzminski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States,
| | - Danyon M. Fischbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States,
| | - Glenn P. A. Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Lawrence R. Sita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States,
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4
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Controlling polymer molecular weight distributions by light through reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer‐hetero‐Diels–Alder click conjugation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Gao H, Lu X, Chen S, Du B, Yin X, Kang Y, Zhang K, Liu C, Pan L, Wang B, Ma Z, Li Y. Preparation of Well-Controlled Isotactic Polypropylene-Based Block Copolymers with Superior Physical Performance via Efficient Coordinative Chain Transfer Polymerization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xu Lu
- Petrochemical Research Institute, Petro China Company Limited, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Shangtao Chen
- Petrochemical Research Institute, Petro China Company Limited, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Bin Du
- Petrochemical Research Institute, Petro China Company Limited, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yuze Kang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Kunyu Zhang
- Petrochemical Research Institute, Petro China Company Limited, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Li Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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6
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Burkey AA, Fischbach DM, Wentz CM, Beers KL, Sita LR. Highly Versatile Strategy for the Production of Telechelic Polyolefins. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:402-409. [PMID: 35575371 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A general and versatile synthetic strategy for producing practical quantities of a wide range of phenyl-group-terminated hetero- and homotelechelic semicrystalline polyethenes and amorphous atactic and semicrystalline isotactic poly(α-olefins) is reported. The phenyl groups serve as synthons for functionalities of additional classes of telechelic polyolefins that can be "unmasked" through simple high yielding postpolymerization reactions. A demonstration of the value of these materials as building blocks for structural classes of polyolefin-based synthetic polymers was provided by syntheses of well-defined polyolefin-polyester di- and triblock copolymers that were shown to adopt microphase-segregated nanostructured mesophases in the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A. Burkey
- Laboratory for Applied Catalyst Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Danyon M. Fischbach
- Laboratory for Applied Catalyst Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Charlotte M. Wentz
- Laboratory for Applied Catalyst Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Kathryn L. Beers
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Lawrence R. Sita
- Laboratory for Applied Catalyst Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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7
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Shimizu T, Truong NP, Whitfield R, Anastasaki A. Tuning Ligand Concentration in Cu(0)-RDRP: A Simple Approach to Control Polymer Dispersity. ACS POLYMERS AU 2021; 1:187-195. [PMID: 34901951 PMCID: PMC8662723 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cu(0)-reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) is a versatile polymerization tool, providing rapid access to well-defined polymers while utilizing mild reaction conditions and low catalyst loadings. However, thus far, this method has not been applied to tailor dispersity, a key parameter that determines the physical properties and applications of polymeric materials. Here, we report a simple to perform method, whereby Cu(0)-RDRP can systematically control polymer dispersity (Đ = 1.07-1.72), while maintaining monomodal molecular weight distributions. By varying the ligand concentration, we could effectively regulate the rates of initiation and deactivation, resulting in polymers of various dispersities. Importantly, both low and high dispersity PMA possess high end-group fidelity, as evidenced by MALDI-ToF-MS, allowing for a range of block copolymers to be prepared with different dispersity configurations. The scope of our method can also be extended to include inexpensive ligands (i.e., PMDETA), which also facilitated the polymerization of lower propagation rate constant monomers (i.e., styrene) and the in situ synthesis of block copolymers. This work significantly expands the toolbox of RDRP methods for tailoring dispersity in polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Shimizu
- Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland,Science
& Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical
Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku,
Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland,
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland,
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8
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Wallace MA, Burkey AA, Sita LR. Phenyl-Terminated Polyolefins via Living Coordinative Chain Transfer Polymerization with ZnPh 2 as a Chain Transfer Agent. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Wallace
- Laboratory for Applied Catalyst Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Aaron A. Burkey
- Laboratory for Applied Catalyst Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Lawrence R. Sita
- Laboratory for Applied Catalyst Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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9
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Wallace MA, Sita LR. Multi-State Living Degenerative and Chain Transfer Coordinative Polymerization of α-Olefins via Sub-Stoichiometric Activation. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Wallace
- Laboratory for Applied Catalyst Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lawrence R. Sita
- Laboratory for Applied Catalyst Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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10
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Parkatzidis K, Rolland M, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Tailoring polymer dispersity by mixing ATRP initiators. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01044a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present a simple batch method to control polymer dispersity using a mixture of two ATRP initiators with different reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Parkatzidis
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Manon Rolland
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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