1
|
Li L, Yang S, Xu Z, Li S, Jiang J, Zhang YQ. Dinuclear Titanium(III)-Catalyzed Radical-Type Kinetic Resolution of Epoxides for the Enantioselective Synthesis of cis-Glycidic Esters. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13546-13557. [PMID: 38690842 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Glycidic esters represent pivotal constituents in synthetic chemistry, offering enhanced versatility for tailoring toward a diverse array of molecular targets in comparison with simple epoxides. While considerable progress has been made in the asymmetric synthesis of trans- and trisubstituted glycidic esters, achieving enantioselective preparation of cis-glycidic esters has remained a long-standing challenge. Here, we demonstrate a selectivity-predictable modular platform for the asymmetric synthesis of cis-glycidic esters via a novel dinuclear (salen)titanium(III)-catalyzed radical-type kinetic resolution (KR) approach. This radical KR protocol operates under mild conditions and demonstrates a wide substrate scope, facilitating the synthesis of alkyl- and aryl-substituted cis-glycidic esters with high levels of regioselectivity and enantioselectivity, along with hydroxy ester byproducts representing synthetically valuable motifs as well. This study presents a unique exploration of radical-type KR applied to epoxides, effectively overcoming the steric challenges inherent in conventional nucleophilic-type methodologies typically employed in epoxide chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyun Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shengxiao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jie Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang E, Luo J, Zhang L, Zhang J, Jiang Y. Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Enamines and Pyridotriazoles toward Indolizines. Org Lett 2024; 26:1249-1254. [PMID: 38305700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
An efficient copper catalytic system has been established for the synthesis of highly functional indolizines through oxidative [3 + 2] cycloaddition of enamines and pyridotriazoles. This modular platform is compatible with a broad range of functional groups, including natural and complex skeletons, allowing for late-stage modifications. It features a step-economical, highly regioselective, and easy-handling procedure and has been applied in constructing small molecules of potent activity toward inhibiting the VEGF-NRP1 interaction through a one-pot reaction of pyridotriazoles, amines, and aldehydes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enfu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jiangbin Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Luoman Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yaojia Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lam CC, Goodman JM. Reaction dynamics as the missing puzzle piece: the origin of selectivity in oxazaborolidinium ion-catalysed reactions. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12355-12365. [PMID: 37969604 PMCID: PMC10631253 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The selectivity in a group of oxazaborolidinium ion-catalysed reactions between aldehyde and diazo compounds cannot be explained using transition state theory. VRAI-selectivity, developed to predict the outcome of dynamically controlled reactions, can account for both the chemo- and the stereo-selectivity in these reactions, which are controlled by reaction dynamics. Subtle modifications to the substrate or catalyst substituents alter the potential energy surface, leading to changes in predominant reaction pathways and altering the barriers to the major product when reaction dynamics are considered. In addition, this study suggests an explanation for the mysterious inversion of enantioselectivity resulting from the inclusion of an orthoiPrO group in the catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching Ching Lam
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Jonathan M Goodman
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Han S, Seo I, Ryu DH. Enantioselective Friedel-Crafts Reaction of Heteroaromatic Compounds with Glyoxals Catalyzed by Chiral Oxazaborolidinium Ion Catalyst. Org Lett 2023; 25:6813-6817. [PMID: 37703524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
A catalytic enantioselective Friedel-Crafts reaction of various heteroaromatic compounds with glyoxals has been developed. In the presence of a chiral oxazaborolidinium ion catalyst, the reaction provided chiral α-hydroxyketones in high yield (up to 96%) with excellent enantioselectivity (up to >99% ee). The synthetic utility of this method was illustrated by conversion of the products to various derivatives such as 1,2-diol and β-amino alcohol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinyeong Han
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon, Jangan, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Injoo Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon, Jangan, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Do Hyun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon, Jangan, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Han S. “
K‐synthesis
”: Recent advancements in natural product synthesis enabled by unique methods and strategies development in Korea. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyu Han
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tien CH, Lough AJ, Yudin AK. Iminologous epoxide ring-closure. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12175-12179. [PMID: 36349099 PMCID: PMC9600474 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04496j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of new reactions enables chemists to attain a better understanding of fundamental chemical reactivity and push the boundaries of organic synthesis. Our understanding and manipulation of high-energy states such as reactive conformations, intermediates, and transition structures contribute to this field. Herein we interrogate epoxide ring-closure by inserting the C[double bond, length as m-dash]N functionality into a well-known precursor to nucleophilic epoxide ring-closure. The synthesis of tetrasubstituted, nitrile-tethered epoxides takes place via activation of iminologous diols followed by fragmentation. Mechanistic study reveals the transformation to be stereospecific, which is consistent with the concerted nature of the epoxide ring-closure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hung Tien
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Alan J Lough
- X-Ray Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Andrei K Yudin
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lops C, Pengo P, Pasquato L. Highly Efficient Darzens Reactions Mediated by Phosphazene Bases under Mild Conditions. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200179. [PMID: 36207800 PMCID: PMC9547082 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The highly basic and poorly nucleophilic phosphazene base P1‐t‐Bu promotes the Darzens condensation of α‐halo esters with aromatic aldehydes affording α,β‐epoxy esters in nearly quantitative yields under mild conditions and in short reaction times. The more basic P4‐t‐Bu phosphazene was found useful with low reactivity aldehydes. These reactions can be performed in aprotic organic solvents of low polarity, thus minimizing the hydrolysis of α,β‐epoxy esters which often accompanies the base‐promoted Darzens condensations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Lops
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of TriesteVia L. Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly,Aptuit – an Evotec CompanyVia A. Fleming 437135VeronaItaly
| | - Paolo Pengo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of TriesteVia L. Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Lucia Pasquato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of TriesteVia L. Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bao H, Shi Y, Zhang J, Yang J, Wu J. Stereoselective synthesis of trisubstituted epoxides via cobalt catalysis. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00815g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic epoxide synthesis by transition-metal catalysis offers an atom- and step-economical route from readily available aldehydes and diazocarbonyl compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Bao
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Yixiang Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Junfeng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Junliang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jin L, Zhou X, Zhao Y, Guo J, Stephan DW. Catalyst-dependent chemoselective insertion of diazoalkanes into N-H\C-H\O-H\C-O bonds of 2-hydroxybenzothiazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7781-7786. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01048h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The control of chemoselective insertions of diazoalkanes with 2-hydroxybenzothiazoles is challenging. Herein, the chemoselective N-H, O-H, C-O or C-H bond insertions of diazoalkanes with 2-hydroxybenzothiazoles are achieved using B(C6F5)3, Rh2(OAc)4...
Collapse
|