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Yi Z, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Gao Y, Hou R, Zhang C, Kim Y, Xu W. Revealing the Influence of Molecular Chemisorption Direction on the Reaction Selectivity of Dehalogenative Coupling on Au(111): Polymerization versus Cyclization. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14640-14649. [PMID: 38761149 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The control of reaction selectivity is of great interest in chemistry and depends crucially on the revelation of key influencing factors. Based on well-defined molecule-substrate model systems, various influencing factors have been elucidated, focusing primarily on the molecular precursors and the underlying substrates themselves, while interfacial properties have recently been shown to be essential as well. However, the influence of molecular chemisorption direction on reaction selectivity, as a subtle interplay between molecules and underlying substrates, remains elusive. In this work, by a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy imaging and density functional theory calculations, we report the influence of molecular chemisorption direction on the reaction selectivity of two types of dehalogenative coupling on Au(111), i.e., polymerization and cyclization, at the atomic level. The diffusion step of a reactive dehalogenated intermediate in two different chemisorption directions was theoretically revealed to be the key to determining the corresponding reaction selectivity. Our results highlight the important role of molecular chemisorption directions in regulating the on-surface dehalogenative coupling reaction pathways and products, which provides fundamental insights into the control of reaction selectivity by exploiting some subtle interfacial parameters in on-surface reactions for the fabrication of target low-dimensional carbon nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Yi
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyu Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Gao
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Rujia Hou
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Yousoo Kim
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Wei Xu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
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2
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Fu B, Guan Y, Yuan W, Geng J, Hao Z, Ruan Z, Sun S, Zhang Y, Xiong W, Gao L, Chen Y, Ji W, Lu J, Cai J. Modulation of supramolecular structure by stepwise removal of tert-butyl groups from tetraazaperopyrene derivatives on Ag(111). J Chem Phys 2024; 160:134308. [PMID: 38568943 DOI: 10.1063/5.0196443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Tert-butyl functional groups can modulate the self-assembly behavior of organic molecules on surfaces. However, the precise construction of supramolecular architectures through their controlled thermal removal remains a challenge. Herein, we precisely controlled the removal amount of tert-butyl groups in tetraazaperopyrene derivatives by stepwise annealing on Ag(111). The evolution of 4tBu-TAPP supramolecular self-assembly from the grid-like structure composed of 3tBu-TAPP through the honeycomb network formed by 2tBu-TAPP to the one-dimensional chain co-assembled by tBu-TAPP and TAPP was successfully realized. This series of supramolecular nanostructures were directly visualized by high resolution scanning tunneling microscopy. Tip manipulation and density functional theory calculations show that the formation of honeycomb network structure can be attributed to the van der Waals interactions, N-Ag-N coordination bonds, and weak C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds. Further addition of two tert-butyl groups (6tBu-TAPP) leads to a completely different assembly evolution, due to the fact that the additional tert-butyl groups affect the molecular adsorption behavior and ultimately induce desorption. This work can possibly be exploited in constructing stable and long-range ordered nanostructures in surface-assisted systems, which can also promote the development of nanostructures in functional molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Fu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 68 Wenchang Road, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Yurou Guan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Jianqun Geng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 68 Wenchang Road, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Zhenliang Hao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 68 Wenchang Road, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Zilin Ruan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 68 Wenchang Road, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Shijie Sun
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 68 Wenchang Road, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 68 Wenchang Road, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 68 Wenchang Road, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yulan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Jianchen Lu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 68 Wenchang Road, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Jinming Cai
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 68 Wenchang Road, Kunming 650093, China
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3
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Ahsan A, Wang X, Sk R, Heydari M, Buimaga-Iarinca L, Wäckerlin C, Lucenti E, Decurtins S, Cariati E, Jung TA, Aschauer U, Liu SX. Self-Assembly of N-Rich Triimidazoles on Ag(111): Mixing the Pleasures and Pains of Epitaxy and Strain. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:23000-23009. [PMID: 38053624 PMCID: PMC10694807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c03325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present report, homochiral hydrogen-bonded assemblies of heavily N-doped (C9H6N6) heterocyclic triimidazole (TT) molecules on an Ag(111) substrate were investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED) techniques. The planar and prochiral TT molecules, which exhibit a threefold rotation symmetry and lack mirror symmetry when assembled on the substrate, carry multiple hydrogen-bonding donor and acceptor functionalities, inevitably leading to the formation of hexameric two-dimensionally extended assemblies that can be either homo- (RR/SS) or heterochiral (RS). Experimental STM data showing well-ordered homochiral domains and experimental LEED data are consistent with simulations assuming the R19.1° overlayer on the Ag(111) lattice. Importantly, we report the unexpected coincidence of spontaneous resolution with the condensation of neighboring islands in adjacent "Janus pairs". The islands are connected by a characteristic fault zone, an observation that we discuss in the context of the fairly symmetric molecule and its propensity to compromise and benefit from interisland bonding at the expense of lattice mismatches and strain in the defect zone. We relate this to the close to triangular shape and the substantial but weak bonding scheme beyond van der Waals (vdW) of the TT molecules, which is due to the three N-containing five-membered imidazole rings. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show clear energetic differences between homochiral and heterochiral pairwise interactions, clearly supporting the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Ahsan
- Laboratory
for X-ray Nanoscience and Technologies, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI 5232, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Xing Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Rejaul Sk
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Heydari
- Laboratory
for X-ray Nanoscience and Technologies, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI 5232, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Luiza Buimaga-Iarinca
- National
Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies
(INCDTIM), Donat Str., Cluj-Napoca 67-103, Romania
| | - Christian Wäckerlin
- Laboratory
for X-ray Nanoscience and Technologies, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI 5232, Switzerland
- Institute
of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Station 3, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Elena Lucenti
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta”
(SCITEC) of CNR, via Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Silvio Decurtins
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Elena Cariati
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta”
(SCITEC) of CNR, via Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano and INSTM RU Via Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Thomas A. Jung
- Laboratory
for X-ray Nanoscience and Technologies, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI 5232, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Aschauer
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University
of Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2A, Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Shi-Xia Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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Moreira Da Silva C, Vallet M, Semion C, Blin T, Saint-Martin R, Leroy J, Dragoé D, Brisset F, Gillet C, Guillot R, Huc V. A simple and efficient process for the synthesis of 2D carbon nitrides and related materials. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15423. [PMID: 37723176 PMCID: PMC10507022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe here a new process for the synthesis of very high quality 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs), such a C2N and CN carbon nitrides. This process relies on the use of a metallic surface as both a reagent and a support for the coupling of small halogenated building blocks. The conditions of the assembly reaction are chosen so as to leave the inorganic salts by-products on the surface, to further confine the assembly reaction on the surface and increase the quality of the 2D layers. We found that under these conditions, the process directly returns few layers material. The structure/quality of these materials is demonstrated by extensive cross-characterizations at different scales, combining optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The availability of such very large, high-quality layers of these materials opens interesting perspectives, for example in photochemistry and electronics (intrinsic transport properties, high gap substrate for graphene, etc...).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Moreira Da Silva
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Maxime Vallet
- École Centrale Sup'Élec, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Clément Semion
- ONERA, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Étude des Microstructures, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtillon, 92322, France
| | - Thomas Blin
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Romuald Saint-Martin
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Jocelyne Leroy
- CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Diana Dragoé
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - François Brisset
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Cynthia Gillet
- CNRS-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Régis Guillot
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Vincent Huc
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France.
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5
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Hou R, Guo Y, Yi Z, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Xu W. Construction and Structural Transformation of Metal-Organic Nanostructures Induced by Alkali Metals and Alkali Metal Salts. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3636-3642. [PMID: 37026779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic nanostructures are attractive in a variety of scientific fields, such as biomedicine, energy harvesting, and catalysis. Alkali-based metal-organic nanostructures have been extensively fabricated on surfaces based on pure alkali metals and alkali metal salts. However, their differences in the construction of alkali-based metal-organic nanostructures have been less discussed, and the influence on structural diversity remains elusive. In this work, from the interplay of scanning tunneling microscopy imaging and density functional theory calculations, we constructed Na-based metal-organic nanostructures by applying Na and NaCl as sources of alkali metals and visualized the structural transformations in real space. Moreover, a reverse structural transformation was achieved by dosing iodine into the Na-based metal-organic nanostructures, revealing the connections and differences between NaCl and Na in the structural evolutions, which provided fundamental insights into the evolution of electrostatic ionic interactions and the precise fabrication of alkali-based metal-organic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujia Hou
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Zewei Yi
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyu Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
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6
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Zou Z, Sala A, Panighel M, Tosi E, Lacovig P, Lizzit S, Scardamaglia M, Kokkonen E, Cepek C, Africh C, Comelli G, Günther S, Patera LL. In Situ Observation of C-C Coupling and Step Poisoning During the Growth of Hydrocarbon Chains on Ni(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213295. [PMID: 36325959 PMCID: PMC10108169 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of high-value fuels and plastics starting from small hydrocarbon molecules plays a central role in the current transition towards renewable energy. However, the detailed mechanisms driving the growth of hydrocarbon chains remain to a large extent unknown. Here we investigated the formation of hydrocarbon chains resulting from acetylene polymerization on a Ni(111) model catalyst surface. Exploiting X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy up to near-ambient pressures, the intermediate species and reaction products have been identified. Complementary in situ scanning tunneling microscopy observations shed light onto the C-C coupling mechanism. While the step edges of the metal catalyst are commonly assumed to be the active sites for the C-C coupling, we showed that the polymerization occurs instead on the flat terraces of the metallic surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Zou
- CNR-IOM Materials Foundry Institute, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sala
- CNR-IOM Materials Foundry Institute, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mirco Panighel
- CNR-IOM Materials Foundry Institute, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Esko Kokkonen
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cinzia Cepek
- CNR-IOM Materials Foundry Institute, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Comelli
- CNR-IOM Materials Foundry Institute, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sebastian Günther
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Laerte L Patera
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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7
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Lowe B, Hellerstedt J, Matěj A, Mutombo P, Kumar D, Ondráček M, Jelinek P, Schiffrin A. Selective Activation of Aromatic C–H Bonds Catalyzed by Single Gold Atoms at Room Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21389-21397. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lowe
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
| | - Jack Hellerstedt
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 779 00Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 46Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dhaneesh Kumar
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
| | - Martin Ondráček
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jelinek
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 779 00Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Agustin Schiffrin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
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