1
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Liang H, Zhang X, Lu M, Chen X, Li W, Li S, Li MD, Zhao J, Huo Y, Ji S. Novel Photocatalyst Based on Through-Space Charge Transfer Induced Intersystem Crossing Enables Rapid and Efficient Polymerization Under Low-Power Excitation Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402774. [PMID: 38584586 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Currently, most photoredox catalysis polymerization systems are limited by high excitation power, long polymerization time, or the requirement of electron donors due to the precise design of efficient photocatalysts still poses a great challenge. Herein, we propose a new approach: the creation of efficient photocatalysts having low ground state oxidation potentials and high excited state energy levels, along with through-space charge transfer (TSCT) induced intersystem crossing (ISC) properties. A cabazole-naphthalimide (NI) dyad (NI-1) characterized by long triplet excited state lifetime (τT=62 μs), satisfactory ISC efficiency (ΦΔ=54.3 %) and powerful reduction capacity [Singlet: E1/2 (PC+1/*PC)=-1.93 eV, Triplet: E1/2 (PC+1/*PC)=-0.84 eV] was obtained. An efficient and rapid polymerization (83 % conversion of 1 mM monomer in 30 s) was observed under the conditions of without electron donor, low excitation power (10 mW cm-2) and low catalyst (NI-1) loading (<50 μM). In contrast, the conversion rate was lower at 29 % when the reference catalyst (NI-4) was used for photopolymerization under the same conditions, demonstrating the advantage of the TSCT photocatalyst. Finally, the TSCT material was used as a photocatalyst in practical lithography for the first time, achieving pattern resolutions of up to 10 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Manlin Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shangru Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ming-De Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shaomin Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
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2
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Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Liu S, Miah MAJ, Cerkovnik J, Košmrlj J, Snieckus V. The Versatile and Strategic O-Carbamate Directed Metalation Group in the Synthesis of Aromatic Molecules: An Update. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7731-7828. [PMID: 38864673 PMCID: PMC11212060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The aryl O-carbamate (ArOAm) group is among the strongest of the directed metalation groups (DMGs) in directed ortho metalation (DoM) chemistry, especially in the form Ar-OCONEt2. Since the last comprehensive review of metalation chemistry involving ArOAms (published more than 30 years ago), the field has expanded significantly. For example, it now encompasses new substrates, solvent systems, and metalating agents, while conditions have been developed enabling metalation of ArOAm to be conducted in a green and sustainable manner. The ArOAm group has also proven to be effective in the anionic ortho-Fries (AoF) rearrangement, Directed remote metalation (DreM), iterative DoM sequences, and DoM-halogen dance (HalD) synthetic strategies and has been transformed into a diverse range of functionalities and coupled with various groups through a range of cross-coupling (CC) strategies. Of ultimate value, the ArOAm group has demonstrated utility in the synthesis of a diverse range of bioactive and polycyclic aromatic compounds for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D. Jansen-van Vuuren
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Susana Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
| | - M. A. Jalil Miah
- Department
of Chemistry, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Janez Cerkovnik
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Victor Snieckus
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
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3
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Mazumder A, Vinod K, Maret PD, Das PP, Hariharan M. Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation Mediated Triplet Population in a Perylenediimide Trimer at the Single-Molecule Level. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5896-5904. [PMID: 38805687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate triplet excited-state population in a conformationally rigid perylenediimide trimer (PDI-T) via intramolecular symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) at the single-molecule level. The single-molecule fluorescence intensity trajectories of PDI-T in nonpolar polystyrene matrix (ε = 2.60) exhibit prolonged fluorescence with infrequent dark states, representing the triplet and/or the charge transfer states. In contrast, in a poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix (ε = 7.80), erratic blinking dynamics resulting in low photon counts were observed, corroborating the feasibility of charge separation in a polar environment. In agreement with the single-molecule measurements, transient absorption spectroscopy of PDI-T reveals ultrafast SB-CS (τCS < 5 ps) in polar tetrahydrofuran (ε = 7.58) and acetone (ε = 20.70), with the population of the triplet excited-state through charge recombination. The current investigation shows the utility of rigid and weakly coupled molecular constructs in controlling triplet generation and SB-CS for potential applications in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Mazumder
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Kavya Vinod
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Philip Daniel Maret
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Pallavi Panthakkal Das
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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4
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Chen K, Luo Y, Sun M, Liu C, Jia M, Fu C, Shen X, Li C, Zheng X, Pu X, Huang Y, Lu Z. Acquiring Charge-Transfer-Featured Single-Molecule Ultralong Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence via Through-Space Electronic Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314447. [PMID: 37968894 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Although long-lived triplet charge-transfer (3 CT) state with high energy level has gained significant attention, the development of organic small molecules capable of achieving such states remains a major challenge. Herein, by using the through-space electronic coupling effect, we have developed a compound, namely NIC-DMAC, which has a long-lived 3 CT state at the single-molecule level with a lifetime of 210 ms and a high energy level of up to 2.50 eV. Through a combination of experimental and computational approaches, we have elucidated the photophysical processes of NIC-DMAC, which involve sequential transitions from the first singlet excited state (S1 ) that shows a 1 CT character to the first triplet excited state (T1 ) that exhibits a local excited state feature (3 LE), and then to the second triplet excited state (T2 ) that shows a 3 CT character (i.e., S1 (1 CT)→T1 (3 LE)→T2 (3 CT)). The long lifetime and high energy level of its 3 CT state have enabled NIC-DMAC as an initiator for photocuring in double patterning applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yanju Luo
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Chuanhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Mengjiao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Caixia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xingsha Shen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xujun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xuemei Pu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Zhiyun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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Xiao X, Mu T, Sukhanov AA, Zhou Y, Yu P, Yu F, Elmali A, Zhao J, Karatay A, Voronkova VK. The effect of thionation of the carbonyl group on the photophysics of compact spiro rhodamine-naphthalimide electron donor-acceptor dyads: intersystem crossing, charge separation, and electron spin dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:31667-31682. [PMID: 37966808 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04891h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a spiro rhodamine (Rho)-thionated naphthalimide (NIS) electron donor-acceptor orthogonal dyad (Rho-NIS) was prepared to study the formation of a long-lived charge separation (CS) state via the electron spin control approach. The transient absorption (TA) spectra of Rho-NIS indicated that the intersystem crossing (ISC) occurs within 7-42 ps to produce the 3NIS state via the spin orbit coupling ISC (SOC-ISC). The energy order of 3CS (2.01 eV in n-hexane, HEX) and 3LE states (1.68 eV in HEX) depended on the solvent polarity. The 3NIS state having n-π* character and a lifetime of 0.38 μs was observed for Rho-NIS in toluene (TOL). Alternatively, in acetonitrile (ACN), the long-lived 3CS state (0.21 μs) with a high CS state quantum yield (ΦCS, 97%) was produced with the 3NIS state as the precursor and the CS took 134 ps. On the contrary, in the case of the reference Rho-naphthalimide (NI) Rho-NI dyad without thionation of its carbonyl group, a long-lived CS state (0.94 μs) with a high energy level (ECS = 2.12 eV) was generated even in HEX with a lower ΦCS (49%). In the presence of an acid, the Rho unit in the Rho-NIS adopted an open form (Rho-o) and the 3NIS state was produced within 24-47 ps with the 1Rho-o state as the precursor. Subsequently, slow intramolecular triplet-triplet energy transfer (TTET, 0.11-0.60 μs) produced the 3Rho-o state (9.4-13.6 μs). According to the time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectra of NIS-NH2, the zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameter |D| and E of the triplet state were determined to be 6165 MHz and -1233 MHz, respectively, indicating that its triplet state has significant nπ* character, which was supported by its short triplet state lifetime (6.1 μs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Rd., Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Tong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Rd., Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Andrey A Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Sibirsky Tract 10/7, Kazan 420029, Russia.
| | - Yihang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Rd., Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Peiran Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Rd., Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, P. R. China
| | - Ayhan Elmali
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Rd., Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Ahmet Karatay
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Violeta K Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Sibirsky Tract 10/7, Kazan 420029, Russia.
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6
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Wu GY, Zhu HM, Li H, Zhang K, Zhang X, Yan D, Zhang XD, Lin L, Lu Z. The impact of aggregation of AIE and ACQ moiety-integrating material on the excited state dynamics. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33911-33917. [PMID: 38020029 PMCID: PMC10658659 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06359c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the properties of aggregate materials is highly interesting because the process of aggregation can result in the disappearance of original properties and the emergence of new ones. Here, a novel fluorescent material (TPEIP), which synergistically combines aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and aggregation caused quenching (ACQ) moieties, was first synthesized by the cyclization reaction of 2,3-diamino-phenazine with 4-tetraphenylenthenealdehyde. We controlled the degree of aggregation of TPEIP to shed light on the impact of the aggregation on the excited state dynamics. TPEIP aggregation realized control over the Intersystem Crossing (ISC) rates and, in turn, the suppression of triplet excited states in MeOH, EtOH or via the simple addition of water to TPEIP solutions in DMSO. From global target analysis, the time scale was 966.2 ps for ISC for TPEIP in DMSO, but it was 860 ps in the case of TPEIP solutions featuring 5% water. The dynamics of TPEIP excited states undergo significant changes as the degree of aggregation increases. Notably, the lifetime of singlet excited states decreases, and there was a gradual diminishment in triplet states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Yuan Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 China
| | - Hui-Min Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 China
| | - Hao Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
| | - Xianyi Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 China
| | - Dong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 China
| | - Xiu-Du Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 China
| | - Lili Lin
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 China
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7
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Liang H, Lu M, Mahmood Z, Li Z, Chen Z, Chen G, Li MD, Huo Y, Ji S. Efficient Intersystem Crossing and Long-lived Charge-Separated State Induced by Through-Space Intramolecular Charge Transfer in a Parallel Geometry Carbazole-Bodipy Dyad. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312600. [PMID: 37654187 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The design of efficient heavy atom-free triplet photosensitizers (PSs) based on through bond charge transfer (TBCT) features is a formidable challenge due to the criteria of orthogonal donor-acceptor geometry. Herein, we propose using parallel (face-to-face) conformation carbazole-bodipy donor-acceptor dyads (BCZ-1 and BCZ-2) featuring through space intramolecular charge transfer (TSCT) process as efficient triplet PS. Efficient intersystem crossing (ΦΔ =61 %) and long-lived triplet excited state (τT =186 μs) were observed in the TSCT dyad BCZ-1 compared to BCZ-3 (ΦΔ =0.4 %), the dyad involving TBCT, demonstrating the superiority of the TSCT approach over conventional donor-acceptor system. Moreover, the transient absorption study revealed that TSCT dyads have a faster charge separation and slower intersystem crossing process induced by charge recombination compared to TBCT dyad. A long-lived charge-separated state (CSS) was observed in the BCZ-1 (τCSS =24 ns). For the first time, the TSCT dyad was explored for the triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion, and a high upconversion quantum yield of 11 % was observed. Our results demonstrate a new avenue for designing efficient PSs and open up exciting opportunities for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Manlin Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Zafar Mahmood
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zeduan Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ming-De Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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8
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Sunny J, Sebastian E, Sujilkumar S, Würthner F, Engels B, Hariharan M. Unveiling the intersystem crossing dynamics in N-annulated perylene bisimides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28428-28436. [PMID: 37843851 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03888b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The efficient population of the triplet excited states in heavy metal-free organic chromophores has been one of the long-standing research problems to molecular photochemists. The negligible spin-orbit coupling matrix elements in the purely organic chromophores and the large singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔES-T) pose a hurdle for ultrafast intersystem crossing (ISC). Herein we report the unprecedented population of triplet manifold in a series of nitrogen-annulated perylene bisimide chromophores (NPBI and Br-NPBI). NPBI is found to have a moderate fluorescence quantum yield (Φf = 68 ± 5%), whereas Br-NPBI showcased a low fluorescence quantum yield (Φf = 2.0 ± 0.6%) in toluene. The femtosecond transient absorption measurements of Br-NPBI revealed ultrafast ISC (kISC = 1.97 × 1010 s-1) from the initially populated singlet excited state to the long-lived triplet excited states. The triplet quantum yields (ΦT = 95.2 ± 4.6% for Br-NPBI, ΦT = 18.7 ± 2.3% for NPBI) calculated from nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy measurements showed the enhancement in triplet population upon bromine substitution. The quantum chemical calculations revealed the explicit role of nitrogen annulation in tuning the excited state energy levels to favor the ISC. The near degeneracy between the singlet and triplet excited states observed in NPBI and Br-NPBI (ΔES-T = -0.01 eV for NPBI, ΔES-T = 0.03 eV for Br-NPBI) facilitates the spin flipping in the molecules. Nitrogen annulation emerges as a design strategy to open up the ISC pathway and the rate of which can be further enhanced by the substitution of a heavier element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeswin Sunny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
| | - Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
| | - Suvarna Sujilkumar
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Strasse 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
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9
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Poriel C, Rault-Berthelot J. Dihydroindenofluorenes as building units in organic semiconductors for organic electronics. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6754-6805. [PMID: 37702538 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00993a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to discuss organic semiconductors constructed on dihydroindenofluorene positional isomers, which are key molecular scaffolds in organic electronics. Bridged oligophenylenes are key organic semiconductors that have allowed the development of organic electronic technologies. Dihydroindenofluorenes (DHIFs) belong to the family of bridged oligophenylenes constructed on a terphenyl backbone. They have proven to be very promising building blocks for the construction of highly efficient organic semiconductors for all OE devices, namely organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), phosphorescent OLEDs, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), solar cells, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Poriel
- UMR CNRS 6226-Université Rennes 1-ISCR-Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France.
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10
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Dou L, Li Y, Dong L, Zhang S, Wu Y, Gong Y, Yang W, Lu H, Zhu S, Zhou X. Panchromatic Light-Absorbing [70]Fullerene-Perylene-BODIPY Triad with Cascade of Energy Transfer as an Efficient Singlet Oxygen Sensitizer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083534. [PMID: 37110773 PMCID: PMC10144093 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A panchromatic light-absorbing [70]fullerene-perylene-BODIPY triad (C70-P-B) was synthesized and applied as a heavy atom-free organic triplet photosensitizer for photooxidation. The photophysical processes were comprehensively investigated by the methods of steady-state spectroscopy, time-resolved spectroscopy, as well as theoretical calculations. C70-P-B shows a strong absorption ability from 300-620 nm. Efficient cascading intramolecular singlet-singlet energy transfer in C70-P-B was confirmed by the luminescence study. The backward triplet excited state energy transfer from C70 moiety to perylene then occurs to populate 3perylene*. Thus, the triplet excited states of C70-P-B are distributed on both C70 and perylene moiety with lifetimes of 23 ± 1 μs and 175 ± 17 μs, respectively. C70-P-B exhibits excellent photooxidation capacity, and its yield of singlet oxygen reaches 0.82. The photooxidation rate constant of C70-P-B is 3.70 times that of C70-Boc and 1.58 times that of MB, respectively. The results in this paper are useful for designing efficient heavy atom-free organic triplet photosensitizers for practical application in photovoltaics, photodynamic therapy, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Dou
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yuanming Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lei Dong
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Shuao Zhang
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yuanqi Wu
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yu Gong
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hongdian Lu
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Sane Zhu
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaoguo Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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11
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Qiu W, Cai X, Chen Z, Wei X, Li M, Gu Q, Peng X, Xie W, Jiao Y, Gan Y, Liu W, Su SJ. A "Flexible" Purely Organic Molecule Exhibiting Strong Spin-Orbital Coupling: Toward Nondoped Room-Temperature Phosphorescence OLEDs. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4971-4980. [PMID: 35639995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Purely organic materials usually exhibit weak spin-orbital coupling (SOC) effect because of the lack of noble heavy metals, and the generation and direct emission from the triplet state is spin-forbidden. This would lead to slow intersystem crossing, long triplet lifetime, and low phosphorescence quantum yield. Herein, strong spin-orbital coupling between singlet and triplet was observed in a "flexible" and twist thianthrene-pyrimidine-based purely organic compound in an amorphous film state, which shows a fast intersystem crossing process and a high phosphorescence rate of 1.1 × 103 s-1. The heavy atom sulfur and nitrogen atoms in the molecule can provide n-π* transition character for efficient spin-orbital coupling. Moreover, the flexible molecule skeleton enables conformational change and molecular vibration in excited states, which was proved to be vital for efficient vibrational spin-orbital coupling. Benefitting from the strong SOC effect, a nondoped purely organic phosphorescence light-emitting diode was fabricated, which achieves a maximum external quantum efficiency of 7.98%, corresponding to an exciton utilization ratio exceeding 87.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zijian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofan Wei
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Qing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yihang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yiyang Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P.R. China
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12
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Carreras A, Casanova D. Theory of exciton dynamics in thermally activated delayed fluorescence. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center Donostia International Physics Center Paseo Manuel Lardizabal,4 20018 San Sebastián SPAIN
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13
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Impact of Charge-Resonance Excitations on CT-Mediated J-Type Aggregation in Singlet and Triplet Exciton States of Perylene Di-Imide Aggregates: A TDDFT Investigation. COMPUTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/computation10020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of intermolecular interactions upon aggregation induces changes in excited state properties of organic molecules that can be detrimental for some optoelectronic applications but can be exploited for others. The time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is a cost-effective approach to determining the exciton states of molecular aggregates, and it has been shown to provide reliable results when coupled with the appropriate choice of the functional. Here we apply a general procedure to analyze the aggregates’ exciton states derived from TDDFT calculations in terms of diabatic states chosen to coincide with local (LE) and charge-transfer (CT) excitations within a restricted orbital space. We apply the approach to study energy profiles, interstate couplings, and the charge-transfer character of singlet and triplet exciton states of perylene di-imide aggregates (PDI). We focus on the intermolecular displacement along the longitudinal translation coordinate, which mimics different amounts of slip-stacking observed in PDI crystals. The analysis, in terms of symmetry-adapted Frenkel excitations (FE) and charge-resonance (CR) states and their interactions, discloses how the interchange of the H/J character for small longitudinal shifts, previously reported for singlet exciton states, also occurs for triplet excitons.
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