1
|
Hales DP, Rajeshkumar T, Shiau AA, Rao G, Ouellette ET, Bergman RG, Britt RD, Maron L, Arnold J. Panoply of P: An Array of Rhenium-Phosphorus Complexes Generated from a Transition Metal Anion. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11296-11310. [PMID: 38836624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
We expand upon the synthetic utility of anionic rhenium complex Na[(BDI)ReCp] (1, BDI = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-β-diketiminate) to generate several rhenium-phosphorus complexes. Complex 1 reacts in a metathetical manner with chlorophosphines Ph2PCl, MeNHP-Cl, and OHP-Cl to generate XL-type phosphido complexes 2, 3, and 4, respectively (MeNHP-Cl = 2-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-1,3,2-diazaphospholidine; OHP-Cl = 2-chloro-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane). Crystallographic and computational investigations of phosphido triad 2, 3, and 4 reveal that increasing the electronegativity of the phosphorus substituent (C < N < O) results in a shortening and strengthening of the rhenium-phosphorus bond. Complex 1 reacts with iminophosphane Mes*NPCl (Mes* = 2,4,6-tritert-butylphenyl) to generate linear iminophosphanyl complex 5. In the presence of a suitable halide abstraction reagent, 1 reacts with the dichlorophosphine iPr2NPCl2 to afford cationic phosphinidene complex 6+. Complex 6+ may be reduced by one electron to form 6•, a rare example of a stable, paramagnetic phosphinidene complex. Spectroscopic and structural investigations, as well as computational analyses, are employed to elucidate the influence of the phosphorus substituent on the nature of the rhenium-phosphorus bond in 2 through 6. Furthermore, we examine several common analogies employed to understand metal phosphido, phosphinidene, and iminophosphanyl complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David P Hales
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- LPCNO, INSA Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Angela A Shiau
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Guodong Rao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Erik T Ouellette
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert G Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - R David Britt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, INSA Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ostermann N, Rotthowe N, Stückl AC, Siewert I. (Electro)chemical N 2 Splitting by a Molybdenum Complex with an Anionic PNP Pincer-Type Ligand. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2024; 4:329-337. [PMID: 38855335 PMCID: PMC11157508 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Molybdenum(III) complexes bearing pincer-type ligands are well-known catalysts for N2-to-NH3 reduction. We investigated herein the impact of an anionic PNP pincer-type ligand in a Mo(III) complex on the (electro)chemical N2 splitting ([LMoCl3]-, 1 -, LH = 2,6-bis((di-tert-butylphosphaneyl)methyl)-pyridin-4-one). The increased electron-donating properties of the anionic ligand should lead to a stronger degree of N2 activation. The catalyst is indeed active in N2-to-NH3 conversion utilizing the proton-coupled electron transfer reagent SmI2/ethylene glycol. The corresponding Mo(V) nitrido complex 2H exhibits similar catalytic activity as 1H and thus could represent a viable intermediate. The Mo(IV) nitrido complex 3 - is also accessible by electrochemical reduction of 1 - under a N2 atmosphere. IR- and UV/vis-SEC measurements suggest that N2 splitting occurs via formation of an "overreduced" but more stable [(L(N2)2Mo0)2μ-N2]2- dimer. In line with this, the yield in the nitrido complex increases with lower applied potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Ostermann
- Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstr.
4, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Nils Rotthowe
- Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstr.
4, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - A. Claudia Stückl
- Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstr.
4, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Inke Siewert
- Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstr.
4, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, International Center
for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Tammannstr. 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fritz M, Rupp S, Kiene CI, Kisan S, Telser J, Würtele C, Krewald V, Schneider S. Photoelectrochemical Conversion of Dinitrogen to Benzonitrile: Selectivity Control by Electrophile‐ versus Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205922. [PMID: 35714100 PMCID: PMC9542086 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nitride complexes are key species in homogeneous nitrogen fixation to NH3 via stepwise proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET). In contrast, direct generation of nitrogenous organic products from N2‐derived nitrides requires new strategies to enable efficient reductive nitride transfer in the presence of organic electrophiles. We here present a 2‐step protocol for the conversion of dinitrogen to benzonitrile. Photoelectrochemical, reductive N2 splitting produces a rhenium(V) nitride with unfavorable PCET thermochemistry towards ammonia generation. However, N‐benzoylation stabilizes subsequent reduction as a basis for selective nitrogen transfer in the presence of the organic electrophile and Brønsted acid at mild reduction potentials. This work offers a new strategy for photoelectrosynthetic nitrogen fixation beyond ammonia—to yield nitrogenous organic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Fritz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg August Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Severine Rupp
- Theoretische Chemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Ciara I. Kiene
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg August Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sesha Kisan
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg August Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological Physical and Health Sciences Roosevelt University 430 S. Michigan Avenue Chicago IL 60605 USA
| | - Christian Würtele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg August Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Vera Krewald
- Theoretische Chemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Sven Schneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg August Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
van Alten RS, Wieser PA, Finger M, Abbenseth J, Demeshko S, Würtele C, Siewert I, Schneider S. Halide Effects in Reductive Splitting of Dinitrogen with Rhenium Pincer Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11581-11591. [PMID: 35861586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal halide complexes are used as precursors for reductive N2 activation up to full splitting into nitride complexes. Distinct halide effects on the redox properties and yields are frequently observed yet not well understood. Here, an electrochemical and computational examination of reductive N2 splitting with the rhenium(III) complexes [ReX2(PNP)] (PNP = N(CH2CH2PtBu2)2 and X = Cl, Br, I) is presented. As previously reported for the chloride precursor ( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 7922), the heavier halides give rhenium(V) nitrides upon (electro-)chemical reduction in good yields yet with significantly anodically shifted electrolysis potentials along the halide series. Dinuclear, end-on N2-bridged complexes, [{ReX(PNP)}2(μ-N2)], were identified as key intermediates in all cases. However, while the chloride complex is exclusively formed via 2-electron reduction and ReIII/ReI comproportionation, the iodide system also reacts via an alternative ReII/ReII-dimerization mechanism at less negative potentials. This alternative pathway relies on the absence of the potential inversion after reduction and N2 activation that was observed for the chloride precursor. Computational analysis of the relevant ReIII/II and ReII/I redox couples by energy decomposition analysis attributes the halide-induced trends of the potentials to the dominating electrostatic Re-X bonding interactions over contributions from charge transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richt S van Alten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp A Wieser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Finger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Josh Abbenseth
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Würtele
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inke Siewert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Schneider
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pham HH, Donnadieu B, Hollis TK. Synthesis of a CCC‐NHC pincer Re complex. An air stable catalyst for coupling ketones with primary alcohols via borrowing hydrogen. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoang H. Pham
- Department of Chemistry Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA
| | - Bruno Donnadieu
- Department of Chemistry Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA
| | - T. Keith Hollis
- Department of Chemistry Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fritz M, Rupp S, Kiene CI, Kisan S, Telser J, Würtele C, Krewald V, Schneider S. Photoelectrochemical Conversion of Dinitrogen to Benzonitrile: Selectivity Control by Electrophile‐ versus Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Fritz
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Severine Rupp
- TU Darmstadt: Technische Universitat Darmstadt Theoretische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Ciara Isabel Kiene
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Sesha Kisan
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Joshua Telser
- Roosevelt University Department of Biological, Physical and Health Sciences UNITED STATES
| | - Christian Würtele
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Vera Krewald
- Darmstadt University of Technology: Technische Universitat Darmstadt Theoretische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Sven Schneider
- University of Goettingen Institute for inorganic Chemistry Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang G, Liu T, Song J, Quan Y, Jin L, Si M, Liao Q. N 2 Cleavage on d 4/d 4 Molybdenum Centers and Its Further Conversion into Iminophosphorane under Mild Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2444-2449. [PMID: 35014788 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of N-containing organophosphine compounds using N2 as the nitrogen source under mild conditions has attracted much attention. Herein, the conversion of N2 into iminophosphorane was reported. By visible light irradiation, N2 was split on a MoII complex bearing a PNCNP ligand, directly forming the MoV nitride. After the N-P bond formation on the terminal nitride, the N atom from N2 was ultimately transferred into iminophosphorane. Key intermediates were characterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tanggao Liu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinyi Song
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yingyu Quan
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Li Jin
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengyue Si
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Liao
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|