1
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Yao H, Flanagan BM, Williams BA, Wu X, Mikkelsen D, Gidley MJ. Differential effects of pectin-based dietary fibre type and gut microbiota composition on in vitro fermentation outcomes. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122284. [PMID: 38823935 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between human gut microbiota and dietary fibres (DF) are influenced by the complexity and diversity of both individual microbiota and sources of DF. Based on 480 in vitro fermentations, a full factorial experiment was performed with six faecal inocula representing two enterotypes and three DF sources with nanometer, micrometer, and millimeter length-scales (apple pectin, apple cell walls and apple particles) at two concentrations. Increasing DF size reduced substrate disappearance and fermentation rates but not biomass growth. Concentrated DF enhanced butyrate production and lactate cross-feeding. Enterotype differentiated final microbial compositions but not biomass or fermentation metabolite profiles. Individual donor microbiota differences did not influence DF type or concentration effects but were manifested in the promotion of different functional microbes within each population with the capacity to degrade the DF substrates. Overall, consistent effects (independent of donor microbiota variation) of DF type and concentration on kinetics of substrate degradation, microbial biomass production, gas kinetics and metabolite profiles were found, which can form the basis for informed design of DF for desired rates/sites and consequences of gut fermentation. These results add further evidence to the concept that, despite variations between individuals, the human gut microbiota represents a community with conserved emergent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bernadine M Flanagan
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Barbara A Williams
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xiyang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Deirdre Mikkelsen
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Michael J Gidley
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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2
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Tinajero-Díaz E, Judge N, Li B, Leigh T, Murphy RD, Topham PD, Derry MJ, Heise A. Poly(l-proline)-Stabilized Polypeptide Nanostructures via Ring-Opening Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly (ROPISA). ACS Macro Lett 2024:1031-1036. [PMID: 39074359 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Poly(proline) II helical motifs located at the protein-water interface stabilize the three-dimensional structures of natural proteins. Reported here is the first example of synthetic biomimetic poly(proline)-stabilized polypeptide nanostructures obtained by a straightforward ring-opening polymerization-induced self-assembly (ROPISA) process through consecutive N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) polymerization. It was found that the use of multifunctional 8-arm initiators is critical for the formation of nanoparticles. Worm-like micelles as well as spherical morphologies were obtained as confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The loading of the nanostructures with dyes is demonstrated. This fast and open-vessel procedure gives access to amino acids-based nanomaterials with potential for applications in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Tinajero-Díaz
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicola Judge
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert D Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul D Topham
- Aston Institute for Membrane Excellence, Aston University, B4 7ET Birmingham, U.K
| | - Matthew J Derry
- Aston Institute for Membrane Excellence, Aston University, B4 7ET Birmingham, U.K
| | - Andreas Heise
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- AMBER, The SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Tooley O, Pointer W, Radmall R, Hall M, Beyer V, Stakem K, Swift T, Town J, Junkers T, Wilson P, Lester D, Haddleton D. MaDDOSY (Mass Determination Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy) using an 80 MHz Bench Top NMR for the Rapid Determination of Polymer and Macromolecular Molecular Weight. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300692. [PMID: 38288674 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Measurement of molecular weight is an integral part of macromolecular and polymer characterization which usually has limitations. Herein, this article presents the use of a bench-top 80 MHz Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrometer for diffusion-ordered spectroscopy as a practical and rapid approach for the determination of molecular weight/size using a novel solvent and polymer-independent universal calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Tooley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - William Pointer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Rowan Radmall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Mia Hall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Valentin Beyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Kieran Stakem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Thomas Swift
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - James Town
- Polymer Characterization RTP, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Tanja Junkers
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Box 23 Victoria, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Paul Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Daniel Lester
- Polymer Characterization RTP, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - David Haddleton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Polymer Characterization RTP, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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4
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Grabe B, Hiller W. Online coupling of liquid chromatography and two-dimensional diffusion ordered spectroscopy for the analysis of oligostyrenes. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1719:464750. [PMID: 38412606 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to introduce a powerful coupling of Liquid Adsorption Chromatography (LAC) and Diffusion-Ordered Spectroscopy (DOSY) for comprehensive structure analysis. This new hyphenation approach facilitated the simultaneous separation of a polymer mixture and the determination of molar masses within a single 3D experiment. The online coupling of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and two-dimensional DOSY-NMR will be called 3D-LAC-NMR-DOSY experiment. Our methodology enabled the chromatographic separation of analytes based on their chemical heterogeneity, and provided accurate molar masses of the analytes through 2D-DOSY. This new method was demonstrated on a polystyrene oligomer mixture. In this case, the oligostyrenes could be separated with LAC according to their tacticity and chain length in protonated acetonitrile as eluent and DOSY measurements provided the molar masses of each oligomer. In order to show the power of the 3D-LAC-NMR-DOSY method, the comparison to 2D-DOSY, 3D-DOSY and LAC-NMR was separately evaluated. Furthermore, the recently published solvent-independent molar mass calibration of diffusion coefficients was also successfully applied in our LAC-DOSY studies for molar mass predictions of the oligomers in acetonitrile. The predicted molar masses were in good agreement with the LAC-DOSY measurements and were verified by calibrations of diffusion coefficients and mass spectrometry. Finally, this pioneering 3D technique offers a powerful new tool for advancing structure analysis and enhancing our understanding of complex systems such as oligostyrenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Grabe
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Wolf Hiller
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, Dortmund 44227, Germany.
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5
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Bandelli D, Mastrangelo R, Poggi G, Chelazzi D, Baglioni P. New sustainable polymers and oligomers for Cultural Heritage conservation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2443-2455. [PMID: 38362426 PMCID: PMC10866357 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03909a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of "green" chemistry materials with enhanced properties is a central topic in numerous applicative fields, including the design of polymeric systems for the conservation of works of art. Traditional approaches in art restoration comprise polymer thickeners and viscous dispersions to partially control solvents in the removal of soil or aged varnishes/coatings from artifacts. Alternatively, polymeric gel networks can be specifically designed to grant full control of the cleaning action, yielding safe, time- and cost-effective restorations. The selection of polymers and oligomers in gel design is crucial to tune solvent upload, retention, and controlled release over the sensitive artistic surfaces. Starting from an overview of traditional polymer formulations and state-of-the-art gel systems for cleaning works of art, we provide here the design of a new class of gels, focusing on the selection of oligomers to achieve gels with tailored hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity. We evaluated the oligomers Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) by developing, for the first time, a novel methodology combining SEC and DOSY NMR analysis, which was tested on a library of "green" oligoesters synthesized by polycondensation and poorly explored in the literature. Oligomers with moderate polydispersity were chosen to validate the new protocol as a robust tool for designing polymeric gels even on industrial scale. The methodology is more time-effective than traditional methods, and gives additional insights on the oligomers physico-chemical nature, evaluating their compatibility with different solvents. Then, we used the selected oligoesters with castor oil to obtain a new class of organogels able to upload solvents with varying polarity, which effectively removed different types of unwanted layers typically found in painting restoration. These results validate the oligomers screening approach and the new class of gels as promising chemical processes/materials in art preservation. The methodology can potentially allow evaluation of HLB also for small molecules (e.g., surfactants), opening for the formulation of polymers solutions/gels beyond Cultural Heritage conservation, as in pharmaceutics, cosmetics, food industry, tissue engineering, agriculture, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Bandelli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Rosangela Mastrangelo
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Giovanna Poggi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Florence Italy
| | - David Chelazzi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Piero Baglioni
- CSGI and Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Florence Italy
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6
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Tarring EC, Durance I, Harbottle MJ, Lucas R, Read DS, Ward BD. Water-soluble polymers: Emerging contaminants detected, separated and quantified by a novel GPC/MALDI-TOF method. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122888. [PMID: 37940017 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble polymers (WSPs) are additives used as thickeners, stabilisers and flocculants in industry and in household products, including personal care products. Given their widespread use, it is likely WSPs enter the environment, particularly through wastewaters. This is of concern as there is little ecotoxicological research on their fate and behaviour once in the environment, which means their risk to aquatic life is not understood. The lack of suitable analytical techniques to detect, characterise and quantify WSPs hinders research on the potential impact of these polymers. A novel method has been developed that identifies polymers within a sample and separates them using gel-permeation chromatography (GPC). This is coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), to quantify the polymer fractions using molecular weight information. This process has been carried out on a range of aqueous media. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) ingredients were successfully separated from non-polymeric material in a commercial shaving gel personal care product (PCP), before being quantified at 1.62 wt%. This method was applied to a spiked wastewater influent sample to demonstrate the extraction and separation of PEG from organic constituents such as dissolved organic matter (DOM). This highlighted the additional challenges of analysing WSPs in the environment, as factors such as sorption and biodegradation affected the total recovery of PEG, with an extraction efficiency of 53%. Overall, this method was applied for the extraction of PEG from a PCP with accurate quantification, before a proof-of-concept extraction from wastewater demonstrated the difficulties associated with WSP analysis in environmental samples. This method provides opportunities to use tandem GPC/MALDI-TOF MS to quantify WSPs in a broad array of environmental samples. Additional studies could include its application to wastewater or freshwater monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve C Tarring
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Durance
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Daniel S Read
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin D Ward
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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7
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Hiller W, Grabe B. The Universal Calibration for Structure- and Solvent-Independent Molar Mass Determinations of Polymers Using Diffusion-Ordered Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 38016106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
It will be shown how diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) can produce a universal calibration of molar mass dependences of polymers compared to size exclusion chromatography (SEC) or recently published DOSY methods. Whereas SEC can deliver only structure-independent universal calibrations for a particular solvent, DOSY was used for creating solvent-independent calibrations for a certain polymer. Now, we can demonstrate a universal calibration method that generates both a structure- and solvent-independent molar mass calibration. Only one mathematical function describes the structure- and solvent-independent calibrations for DOSY by implementing the Mark-Houwink approach. The derived equation is tested on polystyrene (PS), poly(ethylene oxide), and poly(methyl methacrylate) of different molar masses and in different solvents. Altogether, 94 diffusion coefficients representing 16 molar mass calibrations of the diffusion coefficients in 10 different solvents could be perfectly matched to one universal calibration function with an average deviation of just 2.5%. It was also found that the Mark-Houwink parameters calculated by DOSY are very close to the SEC data. In any case, this new approach is a very useful tool for the determination of molar masses and new Mark-Houwink parameters via DOSY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolf Hiller
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology,TU Dortmund University,Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a,44227Dortmund,Germany
| | - Bastian Grabe
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology,TU Dortmund University,Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a,44227Dortmund,Germany
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8
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Hidalgo-Carvajal D, Muñoz ÁH, Garrido-González JJ, Carrasco-Gallego R, Alcázar Montero V. Recycled PLA for 3D Printing: A Comparison of Recycled PLA Filaments from Waste of Different Origins after Repeated Cycles of Extrusion. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3651. [PMID: 37688276 PMCID: PMC10490016 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work is to evaluate the reprocessing of PLA 3D printing waste from different origins, into filaments and films, and without the addition of any additive. Two types of waste were considered: a blend of different printing wastes (masks, visors, other components) of personal protective equipment coming from an association of Spanish coronamakers, and PLA waste from a single known commercial source. Both types of materials were subjected to repeated extrusion cycles and processed into films by compression molding. Samples were characterized after each cycle and their mechanical and viscosity properties evaluated. Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) experiments were also carried out to estimate molecular weights. The results show a better performance for the PLA waste from the known origin, capable of withstanding up to three re-extrusion cycles per two for the waste blending, without significant degradation. Additionally, a model to address collection and mechanical recycling cycles under two different scenarios (full traceability and not full traceability) was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hidalgo-Carvajal
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain (R.C.-G.)
| | - Álvaro Hortal Muñoz
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain (R.C.-G.)
- Dirección de Compras Industrial y Cliente, Repsol, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ruth Carrasco-Gallego
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain (R.C.-G.)
| | - Victoria Alcázar Montero
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain (R.C.-G.)
- Grupo de Investigación Polímeros, Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28006 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Abstract
Diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) has become a powerful tool to characterize the molecular weights of polymers. Compared to common characterization techniques, such as size exclusion chromatography (SEC), DOSY is faster, uses less solvent, and does not require a purified polymer sample. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), and polybutadiene (PB) molecular weights were determined by the linear correlation between the logarithm of their diffusion coefficients (D) and the logarithm of their molecular weights based on SEC molecular weights. Here, we emphasize the importance of the preparation needed to generate the calibration curves, which includes choosing the correct pulse sequence, optimizing parameters, and sample preparation. The limitation of the PMMA calibration curve was investigated by increasing the dispersity of PMMA. Additionally, by accounting for viscosity in the Stokes-Einstein equation, a variety of solvents were used to produce a "universal" calibration curve for PMMA to determine molecular weight. Furthermore, we place a spotlight on the increasing importance of DOSY NMR being incorporated into the polymer chemist's toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ruzicka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter St, Columbia, South Carolina 29203, United States
| | - Perry Pellechia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter St, Columbia, South Carolina 29203, United States
| | - Brian C Benicewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter St, Columbia, South Carolina 29203, United States
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10
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Nitta N, Kihara SI, Haino T. Synthesis of Supramolecular A 8 B n Miktoarm Star Copolymers by Host-Guest Complexation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202219001. [PMID: 36718880 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202219001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a new synthetic method to construct supramolecular A8 Bn (n=1, 2, 4) miktoarm star copolymers by host-guest complexation between a resorcinarene-based coordination capsule possessing eight polystyrene chains and 4,4-diacetoxybiphenyl guest molecules that retain one, two or four polymethyl acrylate chains. The formation of the supramolecular A8 Bn (n=1, 2, 4) miktoarm star copolymers was confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements revealed that the miktoarm copolymers were phase-separated in the bulk. The micro-Brownian motion of the A8 B4 structure was markedly enhanced in the bulk due to a weak segregation interaction between the immiscible arms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Nitta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Kihara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.,International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, 2-313 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
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11
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Judge N, Georgiou PG, Bissoyi A, Ahmad A, Heise A, Gibson MI. High Molecular Weight Polyproline as a Potential Biosourced Ice Growth Inhibitor: Synthesis, Ice Recrystallization Inhibition, and Specific Ice Face Binding. Biomacromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Judge
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Akalabya Bissoyi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Andreas Heise
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), RCSI, Dublin 2, Ireland
- AMBER, The SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, RCSI, Dublin D02, Ireland
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
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12
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1H DOSY analysis of high molecular weight acrylamide-based copolymer electrolytes using an inverse-geometry diffusion probe. Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-023-00758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractCopolymers of [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (AETAC) and acrylamide (AAm) (AETAC-co-AAm) are polyelectrolytes used as flocculants in wastewater purification. Diffusion-ordered two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) experiments for AETAC-co-AAm samples with Mw ranging from 1.9 to 3.9 million and a polyacrylamide sample with Mw of 1.3 million were carried out in pure D2O and in D2O containing 0.1 or 1 M NaCl using an inverse-geometry diffusion probe system. Projections of the DOSY contour plots onto the diffusion coefficient (D) dimension gave distributions of D for the AETAC and AAm units in the samples. The D values at the maximum point of the distribution (Dp) agreed fairly well with those determined by dynamic light scattering.
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13
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Grabe B, Hiller W. Molar Mass Distribution and Chemical Composition Distribution of PS- b-PMMA Block Copolymers Determined by Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Grabe
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Wolf Hiller
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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14
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Foster H, Stenzel MH, Chapman R. PET-RAFT Enables Efficient and Automated Multiblock Star Synthesis. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Foster
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Chapman
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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15
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Fillbrook LL, Nothling MD, Stenzel MH, Price WS, Beves JE. Rapid Online Analysis of Photopolymerization Kinetics and Molecular Weight Using Diffusion NMR. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:166-172. [PMID: 35574764 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Online, high-throughput molecular weight analysis of polymerizations is rare, with most studies relying on tedious sampling techniques and batchwise postanalysis. The ability to track both monomer conversion and molecular weight evolution in real time could underpin precision polymer development and facilitate study of rapid polymerization reactions. Here, we use a single time-resolved diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment to simultaneously study the kinetics and molecular weight evolution during a photopolymerization, with in situ irradiation inside the NMR instrument. As a model system, we used a photoinduced electron transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization. The data allow diffusion coefficients and intensities to be calculated every 14 s from which the polymer size and monomer conversion can be extracted. Key to this approach is (1) the use of shuffled gradient amplitudes in the diffusion NMR experiment to access reactions of any rate, (2) the addition of a relaxation agent to increase achievable time resolution and, (3) a sliding correction that accounts for viscosity changes during polymerization. Diffusion NMR offers a uniquely simple, translatable handle for online monitoring of polymerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - William S. Price
- Nanoscale Group, School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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Hakobyan K, Xu J, Müllner M. The challenges of controlling polymer synthesis at the molecular and macromolecular level. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01581h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we outline advances and challenges in controlling the structure of polymers at various size regimes in the context of structural features such as molecular weight distribution, end groups, architecture, composition and sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hakobyan
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Thomlinson IA, Davidson M, Lyall C, Lowe JP, Hintermair U. Fast and Accurate Diffusion NMR Acquisition in Continuous Flow. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8242-8245. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03054c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
FlowNMR spectroscopy has become a popular and powerful technique for online reaction monitoring. DOSY NMR is an established technique for obtaining information about diffusion rates and molecular size on static...
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