1
|
Skaanning MK, Bønnelykke J, Nijenhuis MAD, Samanta A, Smidt JM, Gothelf KV. Self-Assembly of Ultrasmall 3D Architectures of (l)-Acyclic Threoninol Nucleic Acids with High Thermal and Serum Stability. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38982685 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The primary challenge of implementing DNA nanostructures in biomedical applications lies in their vulnerability to nuclease degradation and variations in ionic strength. Furthermore, the size minimization of DNA and RNA nanostructures is limited by the stability of the DNA and RNA duplexes. This study presents a solution to these problems through the use of acyclic (l)-threoninol nucleic acid (aTNA), an artificial acyclic nucleic acid, which offers enhanced resilience under physiological conditions. The high stability of homo aTNA duplexes enables the design of durable nanostructures with dimensions below 5 nm, previously unattainable due to the inherent instability of DNA structures. The assembly of a stable aTNA-based 3D cube and pyramid that involves an i-motif formation is demonstrated. In particular, the cube outperforms its DNA-based counterparts in terms of stability. We furthermore demonstrate the successful attachment of a nanobody to the aTNA cube using the favorable triplex formation of aTNA with ssDNA. The selective in vitro binding capability to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 is demonstrated. The presented research presents the use of aTNA for the creation of smaller durable nanostructures for future medical applications. It also introduces a new method for attaching payloads to these structures, enhancing their utility in targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mads K Skaanning
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bønnelykke
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Minke A D Nijenhuis
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anirban Samanta
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Melgaard Smidt
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kurt V Gothelf
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dinesen A, Andersen VL, Elkhashab M, Pilati D, Bech P, Fuchs E, Samuelsen TR, Winther A, Cai Y, Märcher A, Wall A, Omer M, Nielsen JS, Chudasama V, Baker JR, Gothelf KV, Wengel J, Kjems J, Howard KA. An Albumin-Holliday Junction Biomolecular Modular Design for Programmable Multifunctionality and Prolonged Circulation. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:214-222. [PMID: 38231391 PMCID: PMC10886128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Combinatorial properties such as long-circulation and site- and cell-specific engagement need to be built into the design of advanced drug delivery systems to maximize drug payload efficacy. This work introduces a four-stranded oligonucleotide Holliday Junction (HJ) motif bearing functional moieties covalently conjugated to recombinant human albumin (rHA) to give a "plug-and-play" rHA-HJ multifunctional biomolecular assembly with extended circulation. Electrophoretic gel-shift assays show successful functionalization and purity of the individual high-performance liquid chromatography-purified modules as well as efficient assembly of the rHA-HJ construct. Inclusion of an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting nanobody module facilitates specific binding to EGFR-expressing cells resulting in approximately 150-fold increased fluorescence intensity determined by flow cytometric analysis compared to assemblies absent of nanobody inclusion. A cellular recycling assay demonstrated retained albumin-neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) binding affinity and accompanying FcRn-driven cellular recycling. This translated to a 4-fold circulatory half-life extension (2.2 and 0.55 h, for the rHA-HJ and HJ, respectively) in a double transgenic humanized FcRn/albumin mouse. This work introduces a novel biomolecular albumin-nucleic acid construct with extended circulatory half-life and programmable multifunctionality due to its modular design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Dinesen
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Veronica L. Andersen
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Marwa Elkhashab
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Diego Pilati
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Pernille Bech
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Fuchs
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Torbjørn R. Samuelsen
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Alexander Winther
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Yunpeng Cai
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Anders Märcher
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Archie Wall
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Marjan Omer
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Jesper S. Nielsen
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - James R. Baker
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Kurt V. Gothelf
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jesper Wengel
- Nucleic
Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Kenneth A. Howard
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hansen RA, Märcher A, Pedersen KN, Gothelf KV. Insertion of Chemical Handles into the Backbone of DNA during Solid-Phase Synthesis by Oxidative Coupling of Amines to Phosphites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305373. [PMID: 37119479 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Conjugation of molecules or proteins to oligonucleotides can improve their functional and therapeutic capacity. However, such modifications are often limited to the 5' and 3' end of oligonucleotides. Herein, we report the development of an inexpensive and simple method that allows for the insertion of chemical handles into the backbone of oligonucleotides. This method is compatible with standardized automated solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis, and relies on formation of phosphoramidates. A unique phosphoramidite is incorporated into a growing oligonucleotide, and oxidized to the desired phosphoramidate using iodine and an amine of choice. Azides, alkynes, amines, and alkanes have been linked to oligonucleotides via internally positioned phosphoramidates with oxidative coupling yields above 80 %. We show the design of phosphoramidates from secondary amines that specifically hydrolyze to the phosphate only at decreased pH. Finally, we show the synthesis of an antibody-DNA conjugate, where the oligonucleotide can be selectively released in a pH 5.5 buffer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikke A Hansen
- sDepartment of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Märcher
- sDepartment of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristian Nørgaard Pedersen
- sDepartment of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kurt V Gothelf
- sDepartment of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
López-Tena M, Chen SK, Winssinger N. Supernatural: Artificial Nucleobases and Backbones to Program Hybridization-Based Assemblies and Circuits. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:111-123. [PMID: 35856656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The specificity and predictability of hybridization make oligonucleotides a powerful platform to program assemblies and networks with logic-gated responses, an area of research which has grown into a field of its own. While the field has capitalized on the commercial availability of DNA oligomers with its four canonical nucleobases, there are opportunities to extend the capabilities of the hardware with unnatural nucleobases and other backbones. This Topical Review highlights nucleobases that favor hybridizations that are empowering for assemblies and networks as well as two chiral XNAs than enable orthogonal hybridization networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López-Tena
- University of Geneva, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, NCCR Chemical Biology, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Si-Kai Chen
- University of Geneva, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, NCCR Chemical Biology, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- University of Geneva, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, NCCR Chemical Biology, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Watson EE, Winssinger N. Synthesis of Protein-Oligonucleotide Conjugates. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101523. [PMID: 36291732 PMCID: PMC9599799 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acids and proteins form two of the key classes of functional biomolecules. Through the ability to access specific protein-oligonucleotide conjugates, a broader range of functional molecules becomes accessible which leverages both the programmability and recognition potential of nucleic acids and the structural, chemical and functional diversity of proteins. Herein, we summarize the available conjugation strategies to access such chimeric molecules and highlight some key case study examples within the field to showcase the power and utility of such technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma E. Watson
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Correspondence: (E.E.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, NCCR Chemical Biology, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (E.E.W.); (N.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Märcher A, Kumar V, Andersen VL, El-Chami K, Nguyen TJD, Skaanning MK, Rudnik-Jansen I, Nielsen JS, Howard KA, Kjems J, Gothelf KV. Functionalized Acyclic (l)-Threoninol Nucleic Acid Four-Way Junction with High Stability In Vitro and In Vivo. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115275. [PMID: 35352451 PMCID: PMC9324938 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides are increasingly being used as a programmable connection material to assemble molecules and proteins in well-defined structures. For the application of such assemblies for in vivo diagnostics or therapeutics it is crucial that the oligonucleotides form highly stable, non-toxic, and non-immunogenic structures. Only few oligonucleotide derivatives fulfil all of these requirements. Here we report on the application of acyclic l-threoninol nucleic acid (aTNA) to form a four-way junction (4WJ) that is highly stable and enables facile assembly of components for in vivo treatment and imaging. The aTNA 4WJ is serum-stable, shows no non-targeted uptake or cytotoxicity, and invokes no innate immune response. As a proof of concept, we modify the 4WJ with a cancer-targeting and a serum half-life extension moiety and show the effect of these functionalized 4WJs in vitro and in vivo, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Märcher
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Veronica L Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kassem El-Chami
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thuy J D Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads K Skaanning
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Imke Rudnik-Jansen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper S Nielsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kenneth A Howard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kurt V Gothelf
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|