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Terada M, Yazaki R, Obayashi R, Iwasaki Z, Umemiya S, Kikuchi J. Consecutive π-Lewis acidic metal-catalysed cyclisation/photochemical radical addition promoted by in situ generated 2-benzopyrylium as the photoredox catalyst. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6115-6121. [PMID: 38665511 PMCID: PMC11041276 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00808a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A π-Lewis acidic metal-catalysed cyclisation/photochemical radical addition sequence was developed, which utilises in situ generated 2-benzopyrylium cation intermediates as photoredox catalysts and electrophilic substrates to form 1H-isochromene derivatives in good yields in most cases. The key 2-benzopyrylium intermediates were generated through the activation of the alkyne moiety of ortho-carbonyl alkynylbenzene derivatives by such π-Lewis acidic metal catalysts as AgNTf2 and Cu(NTf2)2, and the subsequent intramolecular cyclisation and proto-demetalation using trifluoroacetic acid. Further photo-excitation of the 2-benzopyrylium intermediates facilitated single-electron transfer from a benzyltrimethylsilane derivative as a donor molecule to promote the radical addition of arylmethyl radicals to the 2-benzopyrylium intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Ryohei Yazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Ren Obayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Zen Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Shigenobu Umemiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
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2
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Addanki RB, Moktan S, Halder S, Sharma M, Sarmah BK, Bhattacharyya K, Kancharla PK. Exploiting the Strained Ion-Pair Interactions of Sterically Hindered Pyridinium Salts Toward S N2 Glycosylation of Glycosyl Trichloroacetimidates. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3713-3725. [PMID: 38407946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate here that strained and sterically hindered protonated 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylpyridinium (TTBPy) tetrafluoroborate, a crystalline, bench stable salt serves as a mild and efficient organocatalyst for the SN2 type displacement of glycosyl trichloroacetimidates toward the stereoselective synthesis of both α- and β-glycosides. The strained ion-pair interactions between the sterically hindered pyridinium cation and the tetrafluoroborate anion infuse unusual reactivity to the ions resulting in the unique anion assisted activation of alcohol. This mild activation of alcohol facilitates the SN2 type displacement of glycosyl α-trichloroacetimidates into β-glycosides in a highly diastereoselective manner. These unique interactions were established based on extensive infrared and 1H, 19F, 11B NMR studies and theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Bai Addanki
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sangay Moktan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Suvendu Halder
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Madhur Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Bikash K Sarmah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | | | - Pavan K Kancharla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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3
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Jiao Q, Guo Z, Zheng M, Lin W, Liao Y, Yan W, Liu T, Xu C. Anion-Bridged Dual Hydrogen Bond Enabled Concerted Addition of Phenol to Glycal. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308513. [PMID: 38225720 PMCID: PMC10953558 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
A noncovalent organocatalytic concerted addition of phenol to glycal is developed for the stereoselective and regioselective construction of biologically important phenolic 2-deoxyglycosides, featuring wide substrate tolerance. The method relies on an anion-bridged dual hydrogen bond interaction which is experimentally proved by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Ultraviolet and visible (UV-vis), and fluorescence analysis. Experimental evidence including kinetic analysis, Kinetic Isotope Effect (KIE) studies, linear free energy relationship, Hammett plot, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations is provided for a concerted mechanism where a high-energy oxocarbenium ion is not formed. In addition, the potential utility of this method is further demonstrated by the synthesis of biologically active glycosylated flavones. The benchmarking studies demonstrate significant advances in this newly developed method compared to previous approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinbo Jiao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
| | - Zhenbo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityWeijin Road No. 94Tianjin300071China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsTianjin300192China
| | - Mingwen Zheng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
| | - Wentao Lin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
| | - Yujie Liao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
| | - Weitao Yan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
| | - Tianfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityWeijin Road No. 94Tianjin300071China
| | - Chunfa Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China
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Deng LF, Wang Y, Xu S, Shen A, Zhu H, Zhang S, Zhang X, Niu D. Palladium catalysis enables cross-coupling-like S N2-glycosylation of phenols. Science 2023; 382:928-935. [PMID: 37995215 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite their importance in life and material sciences, the efficient construction of stereo-defined glycosides remains a challenge. Studies of carbohydrate functions would be advanced if glycosylation methods were as reliable and modular as palladium (Pd)-catalyzed cross-coupling. However, Pd-catalysis excels in forming sp2-hybridized carbon centers whereas glycosylation mostly builds sp3-hybridized C-O linkages. We report a glycosylation platform through Pd-catalyzed SN2 displacement from phenols toward bench-stable, aryl-iodide-containing glycosyl sulfides. The key Pd(II) oxidative addition intermediate diverges from an arylating agent (Csp2 electrophile) to a glycosylating agent (Csp3 electrophile). This method inherits many merits of cross-coupling reactions, including operational simplicity and functional group tolerance. It preserves the SN2 mechanism for various substrates and is amenable to late-stage glycosylation of commercial drugs and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hangping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dawen Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhao X, Zhang Z, Xu J, Wang N, Huang N, Yao H. Stereoselective Synthesis of O-Glycosides with Borate Acceptors. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11735-11747. [PMID: 37525574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Borate esters have been applied widely as coupling partners in organic synthesis. However, the direct utilization of borate acceptors in O-glycosylation with glycal donors remains underexplored. Herein, we describe a novel O-glycosylation resulting in the formation of 2,3-unsaturated O-glycosides and 2-deoxy O-glycosides mediated by palladium and copper catalysis, respectively. This O-glycosylation method tolerated a broad scope of trialkyl/triaryl borates and various glycals with exclusive stereoselectivities in high yields. All the desired aliphatic/aromatic O-glycosides and 2-deoxy O-glycosides were generated successfully, without the hemiacetal byproducts and O→C rearrangement because of the nature of borate esters. The utility of this strategy was demonstrated by functionalizing the 2,3-unsaturated glycoside products to form saturated β-O-glycosides, 2,3-deoxy O-glycosides, and 2,3-epoxy O-glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Nengzhong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Nianyu Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
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Yamatsugu K, Kanai M. Catalytic Approaches to Chemo- and Site-Selective Transformation of Carbohydrates. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6793-6838. [PMID: 37126370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are a fundamental unit playing pivotal roles in all the biological processes. It is thus essential to develop methods for synthesizing, functionalizing, and manipulating carbohydrates for further understanding of their functions and the creation of sugar-based functional materials. It is, however, not trivial to develop such methods, since carbohydrates are densely decorated with polar and similarly reactive hydroxy groups in a stereodefined manner. New approaches to chemo- and site-selective transformations of carbohydrates are, therefore, of great significance for revolutionizing sugar chemistry to enable easier access to sugars of interest. This review begins with a brief overview of the innate reactivity of hydroxy groups of carbohydrates. It is followed by discussions about catalytic approaches to enhance, override, or be orthogonal to the innate reactivity for the transformation of carbohydrates. This review avoids making a list of chemo- and site-selective reactions, but rather focuses on summarizing the concept behind each reported transformation. The literature references were sorted into sections based on the underlying ideas of the catalytic approaches, which we hope will help readers have a better sense of the current state of chemistry and develop innovative ideas for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Morelli L, Compostella F, Panza L, Imperio D. Unusual promoters and leaving groups in glycosylation reactions: The evolution of carbohydrate synthesis. Carbohydr Res 2022; 519:108625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Ishiwata A, Tanaka K, Ao J, Ding F, Ito Y. Recent advances in stereoselective 1,2-cis-O-glycosylations. Front Chem 2022; 10:972429. [PMID: 36059876 PMCID: PMC9437320 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.972429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For the stereoselective assembly of bioactive glycans with various functions, 1,2-cis-O-glycosylation is one of the most essential issues in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. The cis-configured O-glycosidic linkages to the substituents at two positions of the non-reducing side residue of the glycosides such as α-glucopyranoside, α-galactopyranoside, β-mannopyranoside, β-arabinofuranoside, and other rather rare glycosides are found in natural glycans, including glycoconjugate (glycoproteins, glycolipids, proteoglycans, and microbial polysaccharides) and glycoside natural products. The way to 1,2-trans isomers is well sophisticated by using the effect of neighboring group participation from the most effective and kinetically favored C-2 substituent such as an acyl group, although high stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-cis glycosides without formation of 1,2-trans isomers is far less straightforward. Although the key factors that control the stereoselectivity of glycosylation are largely understood since chemical glycosylation was considered to be one of the useful methods to obtain glycosidic linkages as the alternative way of isolation from natural sources, strictly controlled formation of these 1,2-cis glycosides is generally difficult. This minireview introduces some of the recent advances in the development of 1,2-cis selective glycosylations, including the quite recent developments in glycosyl donor modification, reaction conditions, and methods for activation of intermolecular glycosylation, including the bimodal glycosylation strategy for 1,2-cis and 1,2-trans glycosides, as well as intramolecular glycosylations, including recent applications of NAP-ether-mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ishiwata
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Akihiro Ishiwata, ; Feiqing Ding, ; Yukishige Ito,
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiaming Ao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feiqing Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Akihiro Ishiwata, ; Feiqing Ding, ; Yukishige Ito,
| | - Yukishige Ito
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Akihiro Ishiwata, ; Feiqing Ding, ; Yukishige Ito,
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Mukherjee MM, Ghosh R, Hanover JA. Recent Advances in Stereoselective Chemical O-Glycosylation Reactions. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:896187. [PMID: 35775080 PMCID: PMC9237389 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.896187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates involving glycoconjugates play a pivotal role in many life processes. Better understanding toward glycobiological events including the structure–function relationship of these biomolecules and for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes including tailor-made vaccine development and synthesis of structurally well-defined oligosaccharides (OS) become important. Efficient chemical glycosylation in high yield and stereoselectivity is however challenging and depends on the fine tuning of a protection profile to get matching glycosyl donor–acceptor reactivity along with proper use of other important external factors like catalyst, solvent, temperature, activator, and additive. So far, many glycosylation methods have been reported including several reviews also. In the present review, we will concentrate our discussion on the recent trend on α- and β-selective glycosylation reactions reported during the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Mohan Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rina Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
- *Correspondence: John A. Hanover, ; Rina Ghosh,
| | - John A. Hanover
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: John A. Hanover, ; Rina Ghosh,
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