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Vijaya Sankar R, Mathew A, Pradhan S, Kuniyil R, Gunanathan C. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Selective α-Alkylation of β-Naphthols using Primary Alcohols: Elucidating the Influence of Base and Water. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302102. [PMID: 37486957 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized arenes and arenols have diverse applications in chemical synthesis and material chemistry. Selective functionalization of arenols is a topic of prime interest. In particular, direct alkylation of arenols using alcohols is a challenging task. In this report, a ruthenium pincer catalyzed direct α-alkylation of β-naphthol using primary alcohols as alkylating reagents is reported. Notably, aryl and heteroaryl methanols and linear and branched aliphatic alcohols underwent selective alkylation reactions, in which water is the only byproduct. Notably, catalytically derived α-alkyl-β-naphthol products displayed high absorbance, emissive properties, and quantum yields (up to 93.2 %). Dearomative bromination on α-alkyl-β-naphthol is demonstrated as a synthetic application. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction involves an aldehyde intermediate. DFT studies support this finding and further reveal that a stoichiometric amount of base is required to make the aldol condensation as well as elementary steps required for regeneration of catalytically active species. In situ-generated water molecule from the aldol condensation reaction plays an important role in the regeneration of an active catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Vijaya Sankar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, 752050, India
| | - Abra Mathew
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad (IIT Palakkad), Kerala, 678623, India
| | - Subham Pradhan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, 752050, India
| | - Rositha Kuniyil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad (IIT Palakkad), Kerala, 678623, India
| | - Chidambaram Gunanathan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, 752050, India
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Happy S, Junaid M, Yadagiri D. Reactivity of quinone methides with carbenes generated from α-diazocarbonyl compounds and related compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 59:29-42. [PMID: 36484325 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05623b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, quinone methides have broadly been applied in synthesis and biological systems for synthesizing heterocyclic compounds and biologically active molecules. In this feature article, we have discussed the novel and uncovered reactivity of o-quinone methides, p-quinone methides, aza-o-quinone methides, and indolyl-2-methides with carbenes generated from α-diazocarbonyl compounds and related compounds. Two in situ-generated transient intermediates undergo cycloannulation reactions, metathesis-type reactions, 1,6-conjugate addition reactions, cyclopropanation reactions, and many other transformations to access nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds and beyond. The reactivity of quinone methides and carbenes is observed in various metal catalysts, Brønsted-acids, Lewis acids, phase transfer catalysts, additives, and visible-light-induced transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharma Happy
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis & Catalysis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Mohammad Junaid
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis & Catalysis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Dongari Yadagiri
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis & Catalysis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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Piacentini P, Bingham TW, Sarlah D. Dearomative Ring Expansion of Polycyclic Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208014. [PMID: 35802860 PMCID: PMC9543877 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Benzocycloheptenes constitute a common structural motif embedded in many natural products and biologically active compounds. Herein, we report their concise preparation from non‐activated polycyclic arenes using a two‐step sequence involving dearomative [4+2]‐cycloaddition with arenophile in combination with palladium‐catalyzed cyclopropanation, followed by cycloreversion‐initiated ring expansion. The described strategy provides a working alternative to the Buchner reaction, which is limited to monocyclic arenes. Overall, this methylene‐insertion molecular editing approach enables rapid and direct conversion of simple (hetero)arenes into a range of substituted (aza)benzocycloheptatrienes, which can undergo a myriad of downstream functionalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Piacentini
- Department of Chemistry University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | | | - David Sarlah
- Department of Chemistry University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
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Piacentini P, Bingham TW, Sarlah D. Dearomative Ring Expansion of Polycyclic Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Piacentini
- University of Pavia Department of Chemistry: Universita degli Studi di Pavia Dipartimento di Chimica Department of Chemistry ITALY
| | - Tanner W. Bingham
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - David Sarlah
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Chemistry 600 South Mathews Avenue270 RAL, Box 107-5 61801 Urbana UNITED STATES
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Wang J, Luo H, Wang X, Wei D, Tian R, Duan Z. Dearomatization [4+2] Cycloaddition of Nonactivated Benzene Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:4404-4408. [PMID: 35687509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dearomatization reactions have recently emerged as a powerful tool for the rapid buildup of molecular complexity. Here, an unparalleled thermal dearomatization [4+2] cycloaddition reaction between benzene derivatives and a 2H-phosphindole tungsten complex was reported. The unique reactivity of the in situ-generated 2H-phosphindole complex toward benzene was revealed by density functional theory calculations. We thus provide new insights into the dearomatization of nonactivated arenes and pave the way for the manipulation of the dearomatization for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Wang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Luo
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Rongqiang Tian
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Duan
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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Xu H, Fang XJ, Huang WS, Xu Z, Li L, Ye F, Cao J, Xu LW. Catalytic regio- and stereoselective silicon–carbon bond formations on unsymmetric gem-difluorocyclopropenes by capture of silyl metal species. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00943a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A highly regioselective silylation of unsymmetric gem-difluorocyclopropenes was achieved by the capture of in-situ formed silyl metal intermediates, which gave structurally diverse silyldifluorocyclopropanes with good yields and stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Sheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Fei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Jian Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute and Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. R. China
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