1
|
Wu GY, Huang CL, Kang HW, Ou WT, Ho YS, Cheng MJ, Wu YT. exo-6b 2-Methyl-Substituted Pentabenzocorannulene: Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408321. [PMID: 38926096 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
exo-6b2-Methyl-substituted pentabenzocorannulene (exo-PBC-Me) was synthesized by the palladium-catalyzed cyclization of 1,2,3-triaryl-1H-cyclopenta[l]phenanthrene. Its bowl-shaped geometry with an sp3 carbon atom in the backbone and a methyl group located at the convex (exo) face was verified by X-ray crystallography. According to DFT calculations, the observed conformer is energetically more favorable than the endo one by 39.9 kcal/mol. Compared to the nitrogen-doped analogs with intact π-conjugated backbones (see the main text), exo-PBC-Me displayed a deeper bowl depth (avg. 1.93 Å), redshifted and broader absorption (250-620 nm) and emission (from 585 to more than 850 nm) bands and a smaller optical HOMO-LUMO gap (2.01 eV). exo-PBC-Me formed polar crystals where all bowl-in-bowl stacking with close π ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ π contacts is arranged unidirectionally, providing the potential for applications as organic semiconductors and pyroelectric materials. This unusual structural feature, molecular packing, and properties are most likely associated with the assistance of the methyl group and the sp3 carbon atom in the backbone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd., 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd., 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wen Kang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd., 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Ou
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd., 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yeu-Shiuan Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd., 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd., 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd., 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xia Z, Wang W, Zhang G. Formation of Nitrogen-Doped Positively Curved Molecules by π-Extension. Org Lett 2024; 26:3901-3905. [PMID: 38666661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Two nitrogen-doped positively curved aromatic molecules bearing doubly fused pentagonal rings were synthesized and characterized. Crystallographic analysis confirms the formation of a bowl-shaped structure, which is induced by the fusion of adjacent pentagons to the rigid aromatic planes. Both compounds demonstrate good photoluminescence. These electron-rich bowl-shaped molecules can associate with C60 to form complexes in 2:1 ratio in toluene with different association constants depending on the molecular dimension of the hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Weifan Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han Z, Hayes OG, Partridge BE, Huang C, Mirkin CA. Reversible strain-promoted DNA polymerization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado8020. [PMID: 38657068 PMCID: PMC11042731 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado8020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Molecular strain can be introduced to influence the outcome of chemical reactions. Once a thermodynamic product is formed, however, reversing the course of a strain-promoted reaction is challenging. Here, a reversible, strain-promoted polymerization in cyclic DNA is reported. The use of nonhybridizing, single-stranded spacers as short as a single nucleotide in length can promote DNA cyclization. Molecular strain is generated by duplexing the spacers, leading to ring opening and subsequent polymerization. Then, removal of the strain-generating duplexers triggers depolymerization and cyclic dimer recovery via enthalpy-driven cyclization and entropy-mediated ring contraction. This reversibility is retained even when a protein is conjugated to the DNA strands, and the architecture of the protein assemblies can be modulated between bivalent and polyvalent states. This work underscores the utility of using DNA not only as a programmable ligand for assembly but also as a route to access restorable bonds, thus providing a molecular basis for DNA-based materials with shape-memory, self-healing, and stimuli-responsive properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Han
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Oliver G. Hayes
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Benjamin E. Partridge
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chi Huang
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang L, Peng Z, Liang Y, Tang ZB, Liang K, Liu J, Liu Z. Strain-Driven Formal [1,3]-Aryl Shift within Molecular Bows. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312238. [PMID: 37656430 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Delving into the influence of strain on organic reactions in small molecules at the molecular level can unveil valuable insight into developing innovative synthetic strategies and structuring molecules with superior properties. Herein, we present a molecular-strain engineering approach to facilitate the consecutive [1,2]-aryl shift (formal [1,3]-aryl shift) in molecular bows (MBs) that integrate 1,4-dimethoxy-2,5-cyclohexadiene moieties. By introducing ring strain into MBs through tethering the bow limb, we can harness the intrinsic mechanical forces to drive multistep aryl shifts from the para- to the meta- to the ortho-position. Through the use of precise intramolecular strain, the seemingly impractical [1,3]-aryl shift was realized, resulting in the formation of ortho-disubstituted products. The solvent and temperature play a crucial role in the occurrence of the [1,3]-aryl shift. The free energy calculations with inclusion of solvation support a feasible mechanism, which entails multistep carbocation rearrangements, for the formal [1,3]-aryl shift. By exploring the application of molecular strain in synthetic chemistry, this research offers a promising direction for developing new tools and strategies towards precision organic synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Zhen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Yimin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Zheng-Bin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Kejiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wagner J, Kumar D, Kochman MA, Gryber T, Grzelak M, Kubas A, Data P, Lindner M. Facile Functionalization of Ambipolar, Nitrogen-Doped PAHs toward Highly Efficient TADF OLED Emitters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37728-37740. [PMID: 37501285 PMCID: PMC10416149 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite promising optoelectronic features of N-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), their use as functional materials remains underdeveloped due to their limited post-functionalization. Facing this challenge, a novel design of N-doped PAHs with D-A-D electronic structure for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters was performed. Implementing a set of auxiliary donors at the meta position of the protruding phenyl ring of quinoxaline triggers an increase in the charge-transfer property simultaneously decreasing the delayed fluorescence lifetime. This, in turn, contributes to a narrow (0.04-0.28 eV) singlet-triplet exchange energy split (ΔEST) and promotes a reverse intersystem crossing transition that is pivotal for an efficient TADF process. Boosting the electron-donating ability of our N-PAH scaffold leads to excellent photoluminescence quantum yield that was found in a solid-state matrix up to 96% (for phenoxazine-substituted derivatives, under air) with yellow or orange-red emission, depending on the specific compound. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) utilizing six, (D-A)-D, N-PAH emitters demonstrate a significant throughput with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 21.9% which is accompanied by remarkable luminance values which were found for all investigated devices in the range of 20,000-30,100 cd/m2 which is the highest reported to date for N-doped PAHs investigated in the OLED domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Wagner
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Łódź University
of Technology, Stefana
Żeromskiego 114, 90-543 Łódź, Poland
| | - Michał Andrzej Kochman
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gryber
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Grzelak
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Kubas
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Data
- Department
of Chemistry, Łódź University
of Technology, Stefana
Żeromskiego 114, 90-543 Łódź, Poland
| | - Marcin Lindner
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Iwai K, Nishiguchi N, Nishiwaki N. Halo-Jacobsen Rearrangement Induced by Steric Repulsion between peri-Iodo Groups. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37267428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The naphthalene ring is distorted due to steric repulsion between iodo groups at the peri-positions. Due to the distortion, 1,8-diiodonaphthalene underwent a halo-Jacobsen rearrangement when treated with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, producing 1,5-diiodonaphthalene and 1,4-diiodonaphthalene. In this reaction, acid-induced dehalogenative homocoupling also proceeded to form 4,4'-diiodo-1,1'-binaphthyl. The reaction selectivity could be controlled by varying the reaction temperature. DFT calculations and some control experiments revealed that these compounds were formed by different pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kento Iwai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
- Research Center for Material Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Noa Nishiguchi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Nagatoshi Nishiwaki
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
- Research Center for Material Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wagner J, Zimmermann Crocomo P, Kochman MA, Kubas A, Data P, Lindner M. Modular Nitrogen‐Doped Concave Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons for High‐Performance Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Tunable Emission Mechanisms**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Wagner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Michał Andrzej Kochman
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Adam Kubas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Przemysław Data
- Faculty of Chemistry Silesian University of Technology M. Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Marcin Lindner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wagner J, Zimmermann Crocomo P, Kochman MA, Kubas A, Data P, Lindner M. Modular Nitrogen-Doped Concave Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons for High-Performance Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Tunable Emission Mechanisms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202232. [PMID: 35348258 PMCID: PMC9321062 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although bowl‐shaped N‐pyrrolic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can achieve excellent electron‐donating ability, their application for optoelectronics is hampered by typically low photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). To address this issue, we report the synthesis and characterization of a series of curved and fully conjugated nitrogen‐doped PAHs. Through structural modifications to the electron‐accepting moiety, we are able to switch the mechanism of luminescence between thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP), and to tune the overall PLQY in the range from 9 % to 86 %. As a proof of concept, we constructed solid‐state organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices, which has not been explored to date in the context of concave N‐doped systems being TADF/RTP emitters. The best‐performing dye, possessing a peripheral trifluoromethyl group adjacent to the phenazine acceptor, exhibits yellow to orange emission with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 12 %, which is the highest EQE in a curved D‐A embedded N‐PAH to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Wagner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Michał Andrzej Kochman
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Kubas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Data
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marcin Lindner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hager J, Kang S, Chmielewski PJ, Lis T, Kim D, Stępień M. Acenaphthylene-Fused Ullazines: Fluorescent π-Extended Monopyrroles with Tunable Electronic Gaps. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00421f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
π-Extended dibenzoullazines containing an acenaphthylene subunit were designed and synthesized. Two different synthetic strategies were employed: route A, based on Pd-catalyzed cyclodehydrohalogenation of α,α-disubstituted N-arylpyrroles, and route B, using a...
Collapse
|