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Martín J, Schörgenhumer J, Biedrzycki M, Nevado C. (P^N^C) Ligands to Stabilize Gold(III): A Straightforward Access to Hydroxo, Formate, and Hydride Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8390-8396. [PMID: 38657169 PMCID: PMC11080065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A novel class of (P^N^C) pincer ligands capable of stabilizing elusive gold(III) species is reported here. Straightforward access to (P^N^C)gold(III) hydroxo, formate, and hydride complexes has been streamlined by first incorporating a cycloauration step devoid of toxic metals or harsh conditions. The resulting gold complexes exhibit remarkable stability in solution as well as in the solid state under ambient conditions, which enabled their characterization by X-ray diffraction analyses. Interestingly, the influence of the ligand allowed the preparation of gold(III)-hydrides using mild hydride donors such as H-Bpin, which contrasts with sensitive super hydrides or strong acids and cryogenic conditions employed in previous protocols. A detailed bonding characterization of these species is complemented by reactivity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Martín
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH 8057, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Schörgenhumer
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH 8057, Switzerland
| | - Michał Biedrzycki
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH 8057, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH 8057, Switzerland
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2
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McEllin A, Goult CA, Mohiuddin G, Curtis LJ, Tanner TFN, Whitwood AC, Lynam JM, Bruce DW. Gold(III), Mercury(II), and Palladium(II) Complexes of a Series of Isomeric Bis(mono- and dialkoxyphenyl)pyridines: Introduction of Gold through Transmetalation and Catalysis. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7589-7603. [PMID: 38635870 PMCID: PMC11061838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
A series of isomeric bis-2,6-(monoalkoxyphenyl)pyridine and bis-2,6-(dialkoxyphenyl)pyridine ligands were synthesized and characterized. In order to prepare their chlorogold(III) complexes, intermediate chloromercury(II) complexes were first prepared, but unlike observations from previous studies where they were obtained impure and at best in moderate yield, here pure complexes were synthesized, many in rather high yields. Depending on the substitution pattern of the alkoxy chains on the ligands, mono- and/or dimercurated complexes were obtained, characterized by 1H, 13C{1H}, and 199Hg NMR spectroscopy as well as, in several cases, by X-ray crystallography. Factors that may explain this unusual reactivity are discussed. In most cases, transmetalation to the related chlorogold(III) complex proceeded smoothly, although lower yields were obtained when starting from doubly mercurated precursors. Prompted by the propensity of these ligands to mercurate, attempts were made to effect direct auration, but none was successful. However, dimeric, orthometalated complexes of palladium(II) could be prepared and were also amenable to transmetalation to the chlorogold(III) complex, providing for a mercury-free synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice
Jane McEllin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, YORK YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | | | - Golam Mohiuddin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, YORK YO10 5DD, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science &
Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi, Meghalaya 793101, India
| | - Liam J. Curtis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, YORK YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Theo F. N. Tanner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, YORK YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Adrian C. Whitwood
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, YORK YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Jason M. Lynam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, YORK YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Duncan W. Bruce
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, YORK YO10 5DD, U.K.
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3
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Gukathasan S, Obisesan OA, Saryazdi S, Ratliff L, Parkin S, Grossman RB, Awuah SG. A Conformationally Restricted Gold(III) Complex Elicits Antiproliferative Activity in Cancer Cells. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13118-13129. [PMID: 37530672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Diamine ligands are effective structural scaffolds for tuning the reactivity of transition-metal complexes for catalytic, materials, and phosphorescent applications and have been leveraged for biological use. In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of a novel class of cyclometalated [C^N] Au(III) complexes bearing secondary diamines including a norbornane backbone, (2R,3S)-N2,N3-dibenzylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-diamine, or a cyclohexane backbone, (1R,2R)-N1,N2-dibenzylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine. X-ray crystallography confirms the square-planar geometry and chirality at nitrogen. The electronic character of the conformationally restricted norbornane backbone influences the electrochemical behavior with redox potentials of -0.8 to -1.1 V, atypical for Au(III) complexes. These compounds demonstrate promising anticancer activity, particularly, complex 1, which bears a benzylpyridine organogold framework, and supported by the bicyclic conformationally restricted diaminonorbornane, shows good potency in A2780 cells. We further show that a cellular response to 1 evokes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and does not induce mitochondrial dysfunction. This class of complexes provides significant stability and reactivity for different applications in protein modification, catalysis, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailajah Gukathasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Oluwatosin A Obisesan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Setareh Saryazdi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Libby Ratliff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Robert B Grossman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Samuel G Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
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4
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Fang X, Lei S, Feng Z, Ou J. Conductive Polymers‐Confined Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Activity for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic CO
2
Reduction. ChemElectroChem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202201147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinzuo Fang
- Jiangsu University of Technology Changzhou 213001 P. R. China
| | - Sheng Lei
- Jiangsu University of Technology Changzhou 213001 P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- Jiangsu University of Technology Changzhou 213001 P. R. China
| | - Junfei Ou
- Jiangsu University of Technology Changzhou 213001 P. R. China
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5
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McEllin AJ, Goult CA, Whitwood AC, Lynam JM, Bruce DW. On the mercuration, palladation, transmetalation and direct auration of a C^N^C pincer ligand. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:872-876. [PMID: 36632828 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt04114f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The C^N^C ligand 2,6-bis(2,3-dialkoxyphenyl)pyridine forms dimercury and orthopalladated complexes, both of which may be transmetallated to gold(III) complexes; the gold complexes may also be formed directly in a Rh(III)-catalysed process, hence it is possible to circumvent the use of organomercury intermediates in the synthesis of this important class of compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Jane McEllin
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YORK YO10 5DD, UK.
| | | | - Adrian C Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YORK YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Jason M Lynam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YORK YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Duncan W Bruce
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YORK YO10 5DD, UK.
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Woodhouse SS, Dais TN, Etcheverry-Berríos A, Brechin EK, Lane JR, Plieger PG. Against the Norm: Non Irving–Williams Transmetalation in Transition Metal Dimers. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17819-17827. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidney S. Woodhouse
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North4410, New Zealand
| | - Tyson N. Dais
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North4410, New Zealand
| | - Alvaro Etcheverry-Berríos
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EdinburghEH93FJ, Scotland, U.K
| | - Euan K. Brechin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EdinburghEH93FJ, Scotland, U.K
| | - Joseph R. Lane
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag, Hamilton3105, New Zealand
| | - Paul G. Plieger
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North4410, New Zealand
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