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Yuan EH, Han R, Deng JY, Zhou W, Zhou A. Acceleration of Zeolite Crystallization: Current Status, Mechanisms, and Perspectives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29521-29546. [PMID: 38830265 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Zeolites are important classes of crystalline materials and possess well-defined channels and cages with molecular dimensions. They have been extensively employed as heterogeneous catalysts and gas adsorbents due to their relatively large specific surface areas, high pore volumes, compositional flexibility, definite acidity, and hydrothermal stability. The zeolite synthesis normally undergoes high-temperature hydrothermal treatments with a relatively long crystallization time, which exhibits low synthesis efficiency and high energy consumption. Various strategies, e.g., modulation of the synthesis gel compositions, employment of special silica/aluminum sources, addition of seeds, fluoride, hydroxyl (·OH) free radical initiators, and organic additives, regulation of the crystallization conditions, development of new approaches, etc., have been developed to overcome these obstacles. And, these achievements make prominent contributions to the topic of acceleration of the zeolite crystallization and promote the fundamental understanding of the zeolite formation mechanism. However, there is a lack of the comprehensive summary and analysis on them. Herein, we provide an overview of the recent achievements, highlight the significant progress in the past decades on the developments of novel and remarkable strategies to accelerate the crystallization of zeolites, and basically divide them into three main types, i.e., chemical methods, physical methods, and the derived new approaches. The principles/acceleration mechanisms, effectiveness, versatility, and degree of reality for the corresponding approaches are thoroughly discussed and summarized. Finally, the rational design of the prospective strategies for the fast synthesis of zeolites is commented on and envisioned. The information gathered here is expected to provide solid guidance for developing a more effective route to improve the zeolite crystallization and obtain the functional zeolite-based materials with more shortened durations and lowered cost and further promote their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Hui Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Rui Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jun-Yu Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Wenwu Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Anning Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
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Mallette AJ, Shilpa K, Rimer JD. The Current Understanding of Mechanistic Pathways in Zeolite Crystallization. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3416-3493. [PMID: 38484327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Zeolite catalysts and adsorbents have been an integral part of many commercial processes and are projected to play a significant role in emerging technologies to address the changing energy and environmental landscapes. The ability to rationally design zeolites with tailored properties relies on a fundamental understanding of crystallization pathways to strategically manipulate processes of nucleation and growth. The complexity of zeolite growth media engenders a diversity of crystallization mechanisms that can manifest at different synthesis stages. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of classical and nonclassical pathways associated with the formation of (alumino)silicate zeolites. We begin with a brief overview of zeolite history and seminal advancements, followed by a comprehensive discussion of different classes of zeolite precursors with respect to their methods of assembly and physicochemical properties. The following two sections provide detailed discussions of nucleation and growth pathways wherein we emphasize general trends and highlight specific observations for select zeolite framework types. We then close with conclusions and future outlook to summarize key hypotheses, current knowledge gaps, and potential opportunities to guide zeolite synthesis toward a more exact science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Mallette
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Kumari Shilpa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Rimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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Liu Y, Wang X, Li J, Zhang Q, Niu Z, Wang S, Gao Y, Gao M, Bai R, Zhou Y, Fan W, Terasaki O, Xu J, Yu J. Constructing Intrapenetrated Hierarchical Zeolites with Highly Complete Framework via Protozeolite Seeding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312131. [PMID: 37819839 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Creation of intrapenetrated mesopores with open highway from external surface into the interior of zeolite crystals are highly desirable that can significantly improve the molecular transport and active sites accessibility of microporous zeolites to afford enhanced catalytic properties. Here, different from traditional zeolite-seeded methods that generally produced isolated mesopores in zeolites, nanosized amorphous protozeolites with embryo structure of zeolites were used as seeds for the construction of single-crystalline hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites with intrapenetrated mesopores (mesopore volume of 0.51 cm3 g-1 ) and highly complete framework. In this strategy, in contrast to the conventional synthesis, only a small amount of organic structure directing agents and a low crystallization temperature were adopted to promise the protozeolites as the dominant growth directing sites to induce crystallization. The protozeolite nanoseeds provided abundant nucleation sites for surrounding precursors to be crystallized, followed by oriented coalescence of crystallites resulting in the formation of intrapenetrated mesopores. The as-prepared hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites exhibited ultra-long lifetime of 443.9 hours and a high propylene selectivity of 47.92 % at a WHSV of 2 h-1 in the methanol-to-propylene reaction. This work provides a facile protozeolite-seeded strategy for the synthesis of intrapenetrated hierarchical zeolites that are highly effective for catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Junyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- Center for High-resolution Electron Microscopy (CħEM), School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Sen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Yanjing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Mingkun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Risheng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yida Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Weibin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Osamu Terasaki
- Center for High-resolution Electron Microscopy (CħEM), School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Jihong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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Zhang J, Bai R, Zhou Y, Chen Z, Zhang P, Li J, Yu J. Impact of a polymer modifier on directing the non-classical crystallization pathway of TS-1 zeolite: accelerating nucleation and enriching active sites. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13006-13014. [PMID: 36425513 PMCID: PMC9667963 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04544c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The crystallization process directly affects the physicochemical properties and active centers of zeolites; however, controllable tuning of the zeolite crystallization process remains a challenge. Herein, we utilized a polymer (polyacrylamide, PAM) to control the precursor structure evolution of TS-1 zeolite through a two-step crystallization process, so that the crystallization path was switched from a classical to a non-classical mechanism, which greatly accelerated nucleation and enriched active Ti sites. The TS-1 crystallization process was investigated by means of various advanced characterization techniques. It was found that specific interactions between PAM and Si/Ti species promoted the assembly of colloidal precursors containing ordered structural fragments and stabilized Ti species in the precursors, leading to a 1.5-fold shortened crystallization time and enriched Ti content in TS-1 (Si/Ti = 29). The PAM-regulated TS-1 zeolite exhibited enhanced catalytic performance in oxidative reactions compared to conventional samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Risheng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Yida Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B4H4R2 Canada
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B4H4R2 Canada
| | - Jiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Jihong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
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Snook KM, Zasada LB, Chehada D, Xiao DJ. Oxidative control over the morphology of Cu 3(HHTP) 2, a 2D conductive metal–organic framework. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10472-10478. [PMID: 36277645 PMCID: PMC9473509 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03648g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology of electrically conductive metal–organic frameworks strongly impacts their performance in applications such as energy storage and electrochemical sensing. However, identifying the appropriate conditions needed to achieve a specific nanocrystal size and shape can be a time-consuming, empirical process. Here we show how partial ligand oxidation dictates the morphology of Cu3(HHTP)2 (HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene), a prototypical 2D conductive metal–organic framework. Using organic quinones as the chemical oxidant, we demonstrate that partial oxidation of the ligand prior to metal binding alters the nanocrystal aspect ratio by over 60-fold. Systematically varying the extent of initial ligand oxidation leads to distinct rod, block, and flake-like morphologies. These results represent an important advance in the rational control of Cu3(HHTP)2 morphology and motivate future studies into how ligand oxidation impacts the nucleation and growth of 2D conductive metal–organic frameworks. The morphology of a copper-based 2D conductive metal–organic framework can be tuned via controlled ligand oxidation. Using quinone oxidants, we show how partial ligand oxidation prior to metal binding alters the nanocrystal aspect ratio by >60-fold.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Snook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Leo B. Zasada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Dina Chehada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Dianne J. Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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