1
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Li X, Wu Y, Wang S, Zhang W, Yang QY, Ma H. Relay Adsorption in Metal-Organic Frameworks for One-Step Helium Purification at Ambient Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:31464-31472. [PMID: 38840337 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
One-step He purification from natural gas represents a crucial solution for addressing the global He shortages. The prevailing method to produce high-grade He involves cryogenic distillation and ultralow temperature adsorption processes, which is highly cost- and energy-intensive. Separating and purifying He at ambient temperature is a great challenge because the fundamental limitation lies in the boiling point, polarizability, and kinetic diameters of CH4/N2/He gases. In this study, we seek to implement a relay adsorption strategy using Ni(ina)2 and MIL-100(Cr) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to produce high-purity He from ternary mixtures (CH4, N2, and He) at ambient temperature. The CH4/He selectivity in Ni(ina)2 and N2/He selectivity in MIL-100(Cr) both reach record 15.39 and 128.49, respectively, making the relay adsorption for helium purification highly efficient. The breakthrough experiments show that the two MOFs can sequentially adsorb CH4 and N2 in ternary mixtures, producing He with a purity of up to 99.99% in one step. The remarkable separation performance and stability of these MOFs underscore the industrial potential in purifying He at ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yuan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Heping Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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2
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Dong YL, Jiang Y, Ni S, Guan GW, Zheng ST, Guan Q, Pei LM, Yang QY. Ligand Defect-Induced Active Sites in Ni-MOF-74 for Efficient Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction to CO. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308005. [PMID: 38148319 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of CO2 into valuable carbon-based products using clean and renewable solar energy has been a significant challenge in photocatalysis. It is of paramount importance to develop efficient photocatalysts for the catalytic conversion of CO2 using visible light. In this study, the Ni-MOF-74 material is successfully modified to achieve a highly porous structure (Ni-74-Am) through temperature and solvent modulation. Compared to the original Ni-MOF-74, Ni-74-Am contains more unsaturated Ni active sites resulting from defects, thereby enhancing the performance of CO2 photocatalytic conversion. Remarkably, Ni-74-Am exhibits outstanding photocatalytic performance, with a CO generation rate of 1380 µmol g-1 h-1 and 94% CO selectivity under visible light, significantly surpassing the majority of MOF-based photocatalysts reported to date. Furthermore, experimental characterizations reveal that Ni-74-Am has significantly higher efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole separation and faster carrier migration rate for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. This work enriches the design and application of defective MOFs and provides new insights into the design of MOF-based photocatalysts for renewable energy and environmental sustainability. The findings of this study hold significant promise for developing efficient photocatalysts for CO2 reduction under visible-light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Li Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shuang Ni
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Guo-Wei Guan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Su-Tao Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qingqing Guan
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Ling-Min Pei
- School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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3
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Ma Y, Li C, Guo L, Lu W, Cheng Y, Han X, Li J, Crawshaw D, He M, Shan L, Lee D, da Silva I, Manuel P, Ramirez-Cuesta AJ, Schröder M, Yang S. Exceptional capture of methane at low pressure by an iron-based metal-organic framework. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303934. [PMID: 38102961 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The selective capture of methane (CH4) at low concentrations and its separation from N2 are extremely challenging owing to the weak host-guest interactions between CH4 molecules and any sorbent material. Here, we report the exceptional adsorption of CH4 at low pressure and the efficient separation of CH4/N2 by MFM-300(Fe). MFM-300(Fe) shows a very high uptake for CH4 of 0.85 mmol g-1 at 1 mbar and 298 K and a record CH4/N2 selectivity of 45 for porous solids, representing a new benchmark for CH4 capture and CH4/N2 separation. The excellent separation of CH4/N2 by MFM-300(Fe) has been confirmed by dynamic breakthrough experiments. In situ neutron powder diffraction, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopies, coupled with modelling, reveal a unique and strong binding of CH4 molecules involving Fe-OH⋯CH4 and C⋯phenyl ring interactions within the pores of MFM-300(Fe), thus promoting the exceptional adsorption of CH4 at low pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Cheng Li
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Lixia Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Wanpeng Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Xue Han
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jiangnan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Danielle Crawshaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Meng He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lutong Shan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ivan da Silva
- ISIS Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Pascal Manuel
- ISIS Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, OX11 0QX, UK
| | | | - Martin Schröder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sihai Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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4
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Zhao YL, Zhang X, Li MZ, Li JR. Non-CO 2 greenhouse gas separation using advanced porous materials. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2056-2098. [PMID: 38214051 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00285c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Global warming has become a growing concern over decades, prompting numerous research endeavours to reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, the major greenhouse gas (GHG). However, the contribution of other non-CO2 GHGs including methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), fluorocarbons, perfluorinated gases, etc. should not be overlooked, due to their high global warming potential and environmental hazards. In order to reduce the emission of non-CO2 GHGs, advanced separation technologies with high efficiency and low energy consumption such as adsorptive separation or membrane separation are highly desirable. Advanced porous materials (APMs) including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), porous organic polymers (POPs), etc. have been developed to boost the adsorptive and membrane separation, due to their tunable pore structure and surface functionality. This review summarizes the progress of APM adsorbents and membranes for non-CO2 GHG separation. The material design and fabrication strategies, along with the molecular-level separation mechanisms are discussed. Besides, the state-of-the-art separation performance and challenges of various APM materials towards each type of non-CO2 GHG are analyzed, offering insightful guidance for future research. Moreover, practical industrial challenges and opportunities from the aspect of engineering are also discussed, to facilitate the industrial implementation of APMs for non-CO2 GHG separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Long Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation and Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation and Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Mu-Zi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation and Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Rong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation and Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China.
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5
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Guo P, Ying Y, Liu D. One Scalable and Stable Metal-Organic Framework for Efficient Separation of CH 4/N 2 Mixture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7338-7344. [PMID: 38301114 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Separating CH4 from coal bed methane is of great importance but challenging. Adsorption-based separation often suffers from low selectivity, poor stability, and difficulty to scale up. Herein, a stable and scalable metal-organic framework [MOF, CoNi(pyz-NH2)] with multiple CH4 binding sites was reported to efficiently separate the CH4/N2 mixture. Due to its suitable pore size and multiple CH4 binding sites, it exhibits excellent CH4/N2 selectivity (16.5) and CH4 uptake (35.9 cm3/g) at 273 K and 1 bar, which is comparable to that of the state-of-the-art MOFs. Theoretical calculations reveal that the high density of open metal sites and polar functional groups in the pores provide strong affinity to CH4 than to N2. Moreover, CoNi(pyz-NH2) displays excellent structural stability and can be scale-up synthesized (22.7 g). This work not only provides an excellent adsorbent but also provides important inspiration for the future design and preparation of porous adsorbents for separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yunpan Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dahuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
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6
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Zhang P, Ma S, Zhang Y, He C, Hu T. Enhancing CO 2/N 2 and CH 4/N 2 separation performance by salt-modified aluminum-based metal-organic frameworks. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38247311 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03993e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The energy-saving separation of CO2/N2 and CH4/N2 in the energy industry facilitates the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and replenishes energy resources, but is a challenging separation process. The trade-off between adsorption capacity and selectivity of the adsorbents is one of the key bottlenecks in adsorption separation technologies' large-scale application in the above separation task. Herein, we introduced a series of fluoroborate or fluorosilicate salts (Cu(BF4)2, Zn(BF4)2 and ZnSiF6) into the open coordination nitrogen sites of aluminum-based metal-organic frameworks (MOF-253) to create multiple binding sites to simultaneously enhance the adsorption capacity and selectivity for the target gas. By the synergistic adsorption effect of metal ions (Cu2+ or Zn2+) and fluorinated anions (BF4- or (SiF6)2-), the single-component adsorption capacity and selectivity of salt-modified MOF-253 (MOF-253@Cu(BF4)2, MOF-253@Zn(BF4)2 and MOF-253@ZnSiF6) for CO2 and CH4 were effectively improved when compared to pristine MOF-253 at 298 K and 1 bar. In addition, the salt-modified MOF-253 has a moderate adsorption heat (<30 kJ mol-1) which could be rapidly regenerated at low energy by evacuation desorption. As confirmed by the ambient breakthrough experiments of MOF-253 and MOF-253@ZnSiF6, the real separation performance for both CO2/N2 (1/4) and CH4/N2 (1/4) was obviously improved. This work provides a feasible post-modification strategy on uncoordinated sites of the framework to improve adsorption separation performance and promote the development of ideal adsorbents with a view to realizing their application in the energy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, Shanxi, P. R. China.
| | - Sai Ma
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, Shanxi, P. R. China.
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, Shanxi, P. R. China.
| | - Chaohui He
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, Shanxi, P. R. China.
| | - Tuoping Hu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, Shanxi, P. R. China.
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7
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Tan KX, Li K, Zheng ZJ, Lin XL, Liu YF, Zhang ZB, Yang GP. Two-Fold Interpenetrated Binuclear Nickel Metal-Organic Framework as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for N-Heterocycle Synthesis. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17310-17316. [PMID: 37819837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
A binuclear Ni(II)-based metal-organic framework {[Ni2(btb)1.333(H2O)3.578(py)1.422]·(DMF)(H2O)3.25}n (Nibtb) was solvothermally synthesized (H3btb = 1,3,5-tri(4-carboxylphenyl)benzene, py = pyridine, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide). Nibtb shows a rare 2-fold interpenetrating (3,4)-connected 3D network with a point symbol of (83)4(86)3 based on binuclear Ni(II) clusters. Nibtb as a heterogeneous catalyst combines the high stability of MOFs and excellent catalytic activity of nickel, which exhibits excellent catalytic activity for the synthesis of benzimidazoles and pyrazoles under mild conditions. Moreover, the catalyst can be easily separated and reused for seven successive cycles and maintains high catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xin Tan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Ke Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jian Zheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ling Lin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Bin Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Ping Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, P. R. China
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8
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Wang SM, Mu XT, Liu HR, Zheng ST, Yang QY. Pore-Structure Control in Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Capture of the Greenhouse Gas SF 6 with Record Separation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207066. [PMID: 35674195 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the electronics industry, the efficient recovery and capture of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6 ) from SF6 /N2 mixtures is of great importance. Herein, three metal-organic frameworks with fine-tuning pore structures, Cu(peba)2 , Ni(pba)2 , and Ni(ina)2 , were designed for SF6 capture. Among them, Ni(ina)2 has perfect pore sizes (6 Å) that are comparable to the kinetic diameter of sulfur hexafluoride (5.2 Å), affording the benchmark binding affinity for SF6 gas. Ni(ina)2 exhibits the highest SF6 /N2 selectivity (375.1 at 298 K and 1 bar) and ultra-high SF6 uptake capacity (53.5 cm3 g-1 at 298 K and 0.1 bar) at ambient conditions. The remarkable separation performance of Ni(ina)2 was verified by dynamic breakthrough experiments. Theoretical calculations and the SF6 -loaded single-crystal structure provided critical insight into the adsorption/separation mechanism. This porous coordination network has the potential to be used in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Min Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xuan-Tong Mu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hao-Ran Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Su-Tao Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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9
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Wang S, Mu X, Liu H, Zheng S, Yang Q. Pore‐Structure Control in Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Capture of the Greenhouse Gas SF
6
with Record Separation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao‐Min Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Xuan‐Tong Mu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Hao‐Ran Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Su‐Tao Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Qing‐Yuan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
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10
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Xiong Q, Yang J, Li L, Li J, Mu B. Improving CH
4
uptake and CH
4
/N
2
separation in pillar‐layered MOFs using a regulating strategy of interlayer channels. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Qizhao Xiong
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Jiangfeng Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Libo Li
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Jinping Li
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Bin Mu
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy Arizona State University Tempe Arizona United States
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