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Kissman EN, Sosa MB, Millar DC, Koleski EJ, Thevasundaram K, Chang MCY. Expanding chemistry through in vitro and in vivo biocatalysis. Nature 2024; 631:37-48. [PMID: 38961155 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07506-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Living systems contain a vast network of metabolic reactions, providing a wealth of enzymes and cells as potential biocatalysts for chemical processes. The properties of protein and cell biocatalysts-high selectivity, the ability to control reaction sequence and operation in environmentally benign conditions-offer approaches to produce molecules at high efficiency while lowering the cost and environmental impact of industrial chemistry. Furthermore, biocatalysis offers the opportunity to generate chemical structures and functions that may be inaccessible to chemical synthesis. Here we consider developments in enzymes, biosynthetic pathways and cellular engineering that enable their use in catalysis for new chemistry and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah N Kissman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Max B Sosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Douglas C Millar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Edward J Koleski
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Michelle C Y Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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Ding W, Zhou M, Li H, Li M, Qiu Y, Yin Y, Pan L, Yang W, Du Y, Zhang X, Tang Z, Liu W. Biocatalytic Fluoroalkylation Using Fluorinated S-Adenosyl-l-methionine Cofactors. Org Lett 2023; 25:5650-5655. [PMID: 37490590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Modification of organic molecules with fluorine functionalities offers a critical approach to develop new pharmaceuticals. Here, we report a multienzyme strategy for biocatalytic fluoroalkylation using S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases (MTs) and fluorinated SAM cofactors prepared from ATP and fluorinated l-methionine analogues by an engineered human methionine adenosyltransferase hMAT2AI322A. This work introduces the first example of biocatalytic 3,3-difluoroallylation. Importantly, this strategy can be applied to late-stage site-selective fluoroalkylation of complex molecule vancomycin with conversions up to 99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Minqi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Huayu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Miao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanping Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lifeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenchao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yanan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhijun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Chandra G, Singh DV, Mahato GK, Patel S. Fluorine-a small magic bullet atom in the drug development: perspective to FDA approved and COVID-19 recommended drugs. CHEMICKE ZVESTI 2023; 77:1-22. [PMID: 37362786 PMCID: PMC10099028 DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02804-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
During the last twenty years, organic fluorination chemistry established itself as an important tool to get a biologically active compound. This belief can be supported by the fact that every year, we are getting fluorinated drugs in the market in extremely significant numbers. Last year, also ten fluorinated drugs have been approved by FDA and during the COVID-19 pandemic, fluorinated drugs played a very crucial role to control the disease and saved many lives. In this review, we surveyed all ten fluorinated drugs approved by FDA in 2021 and all fluorinated drugs which were directly-indirectly used during the COVID-19 period, and emphasis has been given particularly to their synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and development process. Out of ten approved drugs, one drug pylarify, a radioactive diagnostic agent for cancer was approved for use in positron emission tomography imaging. Also, very briefly outlined the significance of fluorinated drugs through their physical, and chemical properties and their effect on drug development. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, SH-7, Gaya Panchanpur Road, Gaya, Bihar 824236 India
| | - Durg Vijay Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Earth Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, SH-7, Gaya Panchanpur Road, Gaya, Bihar 824236 India
| | - Gopal Kumar Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, SH-7, Gaya Panchanpur Road, Gaya, Bihar 824236 India
| | - Samridhi Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, SH-7, Gaya Panchanpur Road, Gaya, Bihar 824236 India
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Meza A, Campbell ME, Zmich A, Thein SA, Grieger AM, McGill MJ, Willoughby PH, Buller AR. Efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of α-aryl aldehydes as intermediates in C-C bond forming biocatalytic cascades. ACS Catal 2022; 12:10700-10710. [PMID: 36420479 PMCID: PMC9681013 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multi-enzyme biocatalytic cascades are emerging as practical routes for the synthesis of complex bioactive molecules. However, the relative sparsity of water-stable carbon electrophiles limits the synthetic complexity of molecules made from such cascades. Here, we develop a chemoenzymatic platform that leverages styrene oxide isomerase (SOI) to covert readily accessible aryl epoxides into α-aryl aldehydes through a Meinwald rearrangement. These unstable aldehyde intermediates are then intercepted with a C-C bond forming enzyme, ObiH, that catalyzes a transaldolase reaction with l-threonine to yield synthetically challenging β-hydroxy-α-amino acids. Co-expression of both enzymes in E. coli yields a whole cell biocatalyst capable of synthesizing a variety of stereopure non-standard amino acids (nsAA) and can be produced on gram-scale. We used isotopically labelled substrates to probe the mechanism of SOI, which we show catalyzes a concerted isomerization featuring a stereospecific 1,2-hydride shift. The viability of in situ generated α-aryl aldehydes was further established by intercepting them with a recently engineered decarboxylative aldolase to yield γ-hydroxy nsAAs. Together, these data establish a versatile method of producing α-aryl aldehydes in simple, whole cell conditions and show that these intermediates are useful synthons in C‒C bond forming cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Meza
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Meghan E. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Anna Zmich
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sierra A. Thein
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 W Seward St., Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Abbigail M. Grieger
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 W Seward St., Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Matthew J. McGill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Patrick H. Willoughby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 W Seward St., Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Andrew R. Buller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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