1
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Jiang Y, Ma HJ, Zhai CY, Wang XL. Sn(OTf) 2-Catalyzed (3 + 2) Cycloaddition/Sulfur Rearrangement Reaction of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Indoline-2-thiones. Org Lett 2024; 26:1672-1676. [PMID: 38359067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The (3 + 2) cycloaddition/sulfur rearrangement reaction of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes bearing a single keto acceptor with indoline-2-thiones has been realized. Under the catalysis of Sn(OTf)2, a series of functionalized 3-indolyl-4,5-dihydrothiophenes were synthesized with moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry of Sichuan Institutes of Higher Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Hao-Jie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry of Sichuan Institutes of Higher Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Chen-Ying Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry of Sichuan Institutes of Higher Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Xue-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry of Sichuan Institutes of Higher Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
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2
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Fan T, Shi Z, Gong QW, Song J, Gong LZ. Rhodium and Isothiourea Dual Catalysis: Enantiodivergent Transformation of Terminal Alkynes. Org Lett 2024; 26:1421-1425. [PMID: 38346910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
A dual rhodium/isothiourea catalytic system was developed for the enantiodivergent transformation of terminal alkynes. Under synergistic rhodium/isothiourea dual catalysis, terminal alkynes can be creatively utilized as precursors for C1-ammonium enolate species, which subsequently participate in [4 + 2] and [2 + 2] annulation reactions with α,β-unsaturated ketimines or ketones, respectively. A wide range of chiral lactams and lactones were obtained in excellent yields and stereoselectivities (up to >20:1 dr, 98% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhipeng Shi
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qian-Wei Gong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jin Song
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Liu-Zhu Gong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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3
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Liang P, Yang H, Wang Y. Elucidating the mechanism and origin of stereoselectivity in the activation/transformation of an acetic ester catalyzed by an N-heterocyclic carbene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4320-4328. [PMID: 38234281 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05581g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The activation of an ester by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis is an efficient and important approach for generating an NHC-bound enolate intermediate, an important active intermediate in the transformation of carbonyl compounds. Herein, we perform a theoretical study on the NHC-catalyzed activation and transformation reaction of an acetic ester in which the NHC-bound enolate intermediate is a key intermediate. Multiple activation and transformation pathways are proposed and analyzed to identify an energetically favorable pathway. The use of different substrates for the reaction is considered. When a chalcone substrate is used, [4+2] cycloaddition between the enolate intermediate and the chalcone is identified to be both the rate- and stereoselectivity-determining step for the reaction, with the R-configured product being generated as the major isomer. Noncovalent interaction (NCI) and atoms-in-molecules (AIM) analyses are performed to identify the origin of the stereoselectivity of the reaction, and a local reactivity analysis is conducted to explore substrate and catalyst effects on the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingxin Liang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Haoran Yang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China.
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4
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Yuan D, Goodfellow AS, Kasten K, Duan Z, Kang T, Cordes DB, McKay AP, Bühl M, Boyce GR, Smith AD. Understanding divergent substrate stereoselectivity in the isothiourea-catalysed conjugate addition of cyclic α-substituted β-ketoesters to α,β-unsaturated aryl esters. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14146-14156. [PMID: 38098722 PMCID: PMC10717594 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05470e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of enantioselective synthetic methods capable of generating vicinal stereogenic centres, where one is tetrasubstituted (such as either an all-carbon quaternary centre or where one or more substituents are heteroatoms), is a recognised synthetic challenge. Herein, the enantioselective conjugate addition of a range of carbo- and heterocyclic α-substituted β-ketoesters to α,β-unsaturated aryl esters using the isothiourea HyperBTM as a Lewis base catalyst is demonstrated. Notably, divergent diastereoselectivity is observed through the use of either cyclopentanone-derived or indanone-derived substituted β-ketoesters with both generating the desired stereodefined products with high selectivity (>95 : 5 dr, up to 99 : 1 er). The scope and limitations of these processes are demonstrated, alongside application on gram scale. The origin of the divergent substrate selectivity has been probed through the use of DFT-analysis, with preferential orientation driven by dual stabilising CH⋯O interactions. The importance of solvation with strongly polar transition-states is highlighted and the SMD solvation model is demonstrated to capture solvation effects reliably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Yuan
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University Panzhihua 617000 China
| | - Alister S Goodfellow
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Kevin Kasten
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Zhuan Duan
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Tengfei Kang
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Aidan P McKay
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Michael Bühl
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Gregory R Boyce
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers Florida 33965 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, East Stroudsburg University East Stroudsburg Pennsylvania 18301 USA
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
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5
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Gigant N, Drège E, Joseph D. Carbon Nucleophile-Initiated Rauhut-Currier Reaction: An Atom-Economical Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Carbocycles. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12069-12073. [PMID: 37498652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
A Rauhut-Currier reaction cascade is achieved in the presence of carbon nucleophiles under mild conditions. This original atom-economical transformation enables an efficient one-pot synthesis of densely substituted carbocycles from readily accessible substrates. The key promoter role of the cesium cation in the cascade process was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gigant
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 91400 Orsay, France
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6
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Ma HJ, Gao K, Wang XL, Zeng JY, Yang Y, Jiang Y. AlCl 3-mediated ring-opening reactions of indoline-2-thiones with acyl cyclopropanes, bi-cyclopropanes and spirocyclic cyclopropanes. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6312-6316. [PMID: 37493459 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00909b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
AlCl3-mediated nucleophilic ring-opening reactions of indoline-2-thiones with various acyl cyclopropanes, bi-cyclopropanes and spirocyclic cyclopropanes were investigated. A series of ketones functionalized with indolylthio groups were synthesized in yields ranging from moderate to good. Moreover, chemical transformations of 4-indolylthio butan-1-ones to dihydro-2H-thiepino[2,3-b]indoles and sulfone were carried out to further expand both synthetic utility and structural complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jie Ma
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Ke Gao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Xue-Long Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Jun-Yi Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Yan Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
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7
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Debnath B, Sarkar T, Karjee P, Purkayastha SK, Guha AK, Punniyamurthy T. Palladium-Catalyzed Annulative Coupling of Spirovinylcyclopropyl Oxindoles with p-Quinone Methides. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37437136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed annulative coupling of spirovinylcyclopropyl oxindoles with p-quinone methides has been accomplished via cascade carbon-carbon bond formation to afford bis-spirooxindole scaffolds. The mild reaction conditions, diastereoselectivity, functional group diversity, post-synthetic transformations, and mechanistic studies using DFT calculations are the important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijoy Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Tanumay Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Pallab Karjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | | | - Ankur K Guha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University, Guwahati 781001, India
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8
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Nimmo AJ, Bitai J, Young CM, McLaughlin C, Slawin AMZ, Cordes DB, Smith AD. Enantioselective isothiourea-catalysed reversible Michael addition of aryl esters to 2-benzylidene malononitriles. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7537-7544. [PMID: 37449062 PMCID: PMC10337745 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02101g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalytic enantioselective transformations usually rely upon optimal enantioselectivity being observed in kinetically controlled reaction processes, with energy differences between diastereoisomeric transition state energies translating to stereoisomeric product ratios. Herein, stereoselectivity resulting from an unusual reversible Michael addition of an aryl ester to 2-benzylidene malononitrile electrophiles using an isothiourea as a Lewis base catalyst is demonstrated. Notably, the basicity of the aryloxide component and reactivity of the isothiourea Lewis base both affect the observed product selectivity, with control studies and crossover experiments indicating the feasibility of a constructive reversible Michael addition from the desired product. When this reversible addition is coupled with a crystallisation-induced diastereomer transformation (CIDT) it allows isolation of products in high yield and stereocontrol (14 examples, up to 95 : 5 dr and 99 : 1 er). Application of this process to gram scale, plus derivatisations to provide further useful products, is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J Nimmo
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Jacqueline Bitai
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Claire M Young
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Calum McLaughlin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
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9
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Jiang J, Zhou J, Li Y, Peng C, He G, Huang W, Zhan G, Han B. Silver/chiral pyrrolidinopyridine relay catalytic cycloisomerization/(2 + 3) cycloadditions of enynamides to asymmetrically synthesize bispirocyclopentenes as PDE1B inhibitors. Commun Chem 2023; 6:128. [PMID: 37337043 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in asymmetric synthesis through the use of transition metal catalysts combined with Lewis bases. However, the use of a dual catalytic system involving 4-aminopyridine and transition metal has received little attention. Here we show a metal/Lewis base relay catalytic system featuring silver acetate and a modified chiral pyrrolidinopyridine (PPY). It was successfully applied in the cycloisomerization/(2 + 3) cycloaddition reaction of enynamides. Bispirocyclopentene pyrazolone products could be efficiently synthesized in a stereoselective and economical manner (up to >19:1 dr, 99.5:0.5 er). Transformations of the product could access stereodivergent diastereoisomers and densely functionalized polycyclic derivatives. Mechanistic studies illustrated the relay catalytic model and the origin of the uncommon chemoselectivity. In subsequent bioassays, the products containing a privileged drug-like scaffold exhibited isoform-selective phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1) inhibitory activity in vitro. The optimal lead compound displayed a good therapeutic effect for ameliorating pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting PDE1 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, P.R. China
| | - Gu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, P.R. China
| | - Gu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, P.R. China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, P.R. China.
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10
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Wang Q, Fan T, Song J. Cooperative Isothiourea/Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Annulation Reactions of Vinyl Aziridines with Pentafluorophenyl Esters. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 36815719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Chiral γ-lactam-containing skeletons are important motifs in bioactive natural products, pharmaceuticals, and bioactive molecules. Herein, we report a general and modular platform to access chiral γ-lactam compounds via an ITU/Ir cooperatively catalyzed [3 + 2] asymmetric annulation reaction of vinyl aziridines with pentafluorophenyl esters. Through the Lewis base and transition metal cooperative catalytic regime, a broad range of optically active γ-lactams were generated in good yields (up to 92%) with high asymmetric induction (up to 98% ee). Furthermore, the utility of this synthetic protocol was also demonstrated by the expedient preparation of diverse enantioenriched architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jin Song
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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11
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Xu M, Wang Z, Sun Z, Ouyang Y, Ding Z, Yu T, Xu L, Li P. Diboron(4)-Catalyzed Remote [3+2] Cycloaddition of Cyclopropanes via Dearomative/Rearomative Radical Transmission through Pyridine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202214507. [PMID: 36344444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ring structures such as pyridine, cyclopentane or their combinations are important motifs in bioactive molecules. In contrast to previous cycloaddition reactions that necessitated a directly bonded initiating functional group, this work demonstrated a novel through-(hetero)arene radical transmission concept for selective activation of a remote bond. An efficient, metal-free and atom-economical [3+2] cycloaddition between 4-pyridinyl cyclopropanes and alkenes or alkynes has been developed for modular synthesis of pyridine-substituted cyclopentanes, cyclopentenes and bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes that are difficult to access using known methods. This complexity-building reaction was catalyzed by a very simple and inexpensive diboron(4) compound and took place via dearomative/rearomative processes. The substrate scope was broad and more than 100 new compounds were prepared in generally high yields. Mechanistic experiments and density function theory (DFT) investigation supported a radical relay catalytic cycle involving alkylidene dihydropyridine radical intermediates and boronyl radical transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Zhaohui Sun
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Yizhao Ouyang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Zhengwei Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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12
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Chen P, Huang PF, Xiong BQ, Huang HW, Tang KW, Liu Y. Visible-Light-Induced Decarboxylative Alkylation/Ring Opening and Esterification of Vinylcyclopropanes. Org Lett 2022; 24:5726-5730. [PMID: 35920748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced four-component reaction of vinylcyclopropanes, N-(acyloxy)phthalimide esters, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and H2O through an oxidative ring opening of cyclopropane is presented. This procedure provides a new and effective way to construct formate esters. DMF is employed as both a solvent and the source of CHO. This difunctionalization of vinylcyclopropanes shows good functional group tolerance under room temperature. A radical pathway is involved, and carbonyl oxygen of ester originated from water in this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Quan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Wen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Wen Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, People's Republic of China
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13
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Bitai J, Nimmo AJ, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Cooperative Palladium/Isothiourea Catalyzed Enantioselective Formal (3+2) Cycloaddition of Vinylcyclopropanes and α,β-Unsaturated Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202621. [PMID: 35389553 PMCID: PMC9324207 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A protocol for the enantioselective synthesis of substituted vinylcyclopentanes has been realised using cooperative palladium and isothiourea catalysis. Treatment of vinylcyclopropanes with Pd(PPh3 )4 generates a zwitterionic π-allyl palladium intermediate that intercepts a catalytically generated α,β-unsaturated acyl ammonium species prepared from the corresponding α,β-unsaturated para-nitrophenyl ester and the isothiourea (R)-BTM. Intermolecular formal (3+2) cycloaddition between these reactive intermediates generates functionalised cyclopentanes in generally good yields and excellent diastereo- and enantiocontrol (up to >95 : 5 dr, 97 : 3 er), with the use of LiCl as an additive proving essential for optimal stereocontrol. To the best of our knowledge a dual transition metal/organocatalytic process involving α,β-unsaturated acyl ammonium intermediates has not been demonstrated previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Bitai
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alastair J Nimmo
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
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14
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del Río-Rodríguez R, Westwood M, SICIGNANO MARINA, Juhl M, Fernandez-Salas JAA, Aleman J, Smith AD. Isothiourea-Catalysed Enantioselective Radical Conjugate Addition under Batch and Flow Conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7277-7280. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02432b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photocatalytic generation of α-amino radicals is combined with chiral isothiourea derived α,β-unsaturated acyl ammonium intermediates. The reaction proceeds via a [3+2] radical-polar crossover mechanism to generate γ-lactams in good...
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