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Guo W, Yang Z, Shu L, Cai H, Wei Z. The First Discovery of Spherical Carborane Molecular Ferroelectric Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407934. [PMID: 38877767 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Carborane compounds, known for their exceptional thermal stability and non-toxic attributes, have garnered widespread utility in medicine, supramolecular design, coordination/organometallic chemistry, and others. Although there is considerable interest among chemists, the integration of suitable carborane molecules into ferroelectric materials remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we employ the quasi-spherical design strategy to introduce functional groups at the boron vertices of the o-carborane cage, aiming to reduce molecular symmetry. This approach led to the successful synthesis of the pioneering ferroelectric crystals composed of cage-like carboranes: 9-OH-o-carborane (1) and 9-SH-o-carborane (2), which undergo above-room ferroelectric phase transitions (Tc) at approximately 367 K and 347 K. Interestingly, 1 and 2 represent uniaxial and multiaxial ferroelectrics respectively, with 2 exhibiting six polar axes and as many as twelve equivalent polarization directions. As the pioneering instance of carborane ferroelectric crystals, this study introduces a novel structural archetype for molecular ferroelectrics, thereby providing fresh insights into the exploration of molecular ferroelectric crystals with promising applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330031, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330031, P.R. China
| | - Longlong Shu
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330031, P.R. China
| | - Hu Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330031, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhong Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330031, P.R. China
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2
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Zhu M, Wang P, Wu Z, Zhong Y, Su L, Xin Y, Spokoyny AM, Zou C, Mu X. A Pd-catalyzed route to carborane-fused boron heterocycles. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10392-10401. [PMID: 38994428 PMCID: PMC11234826 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02214a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the expanding applications of icosahedral carboranes in medicinal and materials chemistry research, their functionalizations have become one of the central themes in boron-rich cluster chemistry. Although several strategies for incorporating nitrogen-containing nucleophiles on a single boron vertex of the icosahedral carboranes (C2B10H12) have been developed, methods for preparing clusters with vicinal B-N moieties are still lacking. The steric bulk of icosahedral carboranes and disparate electronic and steric nature of the N-containing groups have rendered the vicinal diamination challenging. In this article, we show how a developed Pd-catalyzed process is used to incorporate an array of NH-heterocycles, anilines, and heteroanilines with various electronic and steric profiles onto the vicinal boron vertices of a meta-carborane cluster via sequential or one-pot fashion. Importantly, oxidative cyclizations of the cross-coupling products with indoles and pyrroles appended to boron vertices generate a previously unknown class of all-boron-vertex bound carborane-fused six- and seven-membered ring heterocycles. Photophysical studies of the meta-carborane-fused heterocycles show that these structures can exhibit luminescence with high quantum yields and are amenable to further manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road 200237 Shanghai China
| | - Puzhao Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road 200237 Shanghai China
| | - Zhengqiu Wu
- Functional Coordination Material Group-Frontier Research Center, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan Dongguan 523808 Guangdong China
| | - Yangfa Zhong
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road 200237 Shanghai China
| | - Laiman Su
- School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road 200237 Shanghai China
| | - Yuquan Xin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road 200237 Shanghai China
| | - Alexander M Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles California 90095 USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Chao Zou
- Functional Coordination Material Group-Frontier Research Center, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan Dongguan 523808 Guangdong China
| | - Xin Mu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road 200237 Shanghai China
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Ki Au Y, Ma Q, Zhang J, Xie Z. Ir-Catalyzed B(3)-Amination of o-Carboranes with Amines via Acceptorless Dehydrogenative BH/NH Cross-Coupling. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300611. [PMID: 37694997 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and convenient strategy for Ir-catalyzed selective B(3)-amination of o-carboranes with amines via acceptorless BH/NH dehydrocoupling was developed, affording a series of B(3)-aminated-o-carboranes in moderate to high isolated yields with H2 gas as a sole by-product. Such an oxidant-free system endues the protocol sustainability, atom-economy and environmental friendliness. A reaction mechanism via an Ir(I)-Ir(III)-Ir(I) catalytic cycle involving oxidative addition, dehydrogenation and reductive elimination was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik Ki Au
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Qiangqiang Ma
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R.China
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Park K, Han GU, Yoon S, Lee E, Noh HC, Lee K, Maeng C, Kim D, Lee PH. Iridium(III)-Catalyzed Regioselective B(4)-H Amination of o-Carboranes with Sufilimines. Org Lett 2023; 25:5989-5994. [PMID: 37540091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Iridium(III)-catalyzed regioselective B(4)-H amination is developed from the reaction of o-carborane acids with sulfilimines without any oxidants under mild conditions, which leads to a wide range of B(4)-H aminated o-carboranes in good yields with a broad substrate scope. Moreover, the selective B(3,6)-diamination reaction of the o-carborane acid was achieved. The present reaction is attractive from a practical point of view because dibenzothiophene is quantitatively recovered and reused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongna Park
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Uk Han
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sugyeong Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chan Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsup Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanyoung Maeng
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Li S, Zhang J, Xie Z. Visible-Light-Induced Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Iodocarboranes with (Hetero)Arenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:7497-7501. [PMID: 36201284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a general method for the efficient production of a class of cage B-centered carboranyl radicals at the B3, B4, and B9 sites via a visible-light-promoted palladium(0)/palladium(I) pathway using readily available iodo-o-carboranes as the starting materials. The electrophilicities of these hypervalent boron-centered radicals decrease in the following order: B3 > B4 > B9. They are useful intermediates for the preparation of a family of cage B-(hetero)arylated o-carboranes at ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Li
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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Zhang LB, Xie Z. Iridium-Catalyzed Selective B(4)-H Amination of o-Carboranes with Anthranils. Org Lett 2022; 24:7077-7081. [PMID: 36148973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report here a catalytic selective cage B4-H amination of o-carboranes employing an Ir(III) complex as a catalyst and anthranils as aminating agents, leading to a large class of B4-aminated o-carboranes with very high yields and a broad substrate scope under mild conditions without any oxidants. In these reactions, the carboxyl group serves as a traceless directing unit to determine the site selectivity and degree of substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Bao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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Lyu H, Xie Z. Transition metal catalyzed selective B(3)-H or B(4)-H amination of o-carboranes via dehydrogenative BH/NH cross-coupling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8392-8395. [PMID: 35792563 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02852b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A unique approach to vertex-selective catalytic B-H amination at either the B(3)- or B(4)-position in o-carboranes has been developed. Using different transition metal catalysts, dehydrogenative BH/NH cross-coupling of o-carboranes and free amines has been achieved, leading to a wide variety of cage B(3)- or B(4)-aminated o-carboranes in moderate to high yields with excellent regioselectivity, where carboranyl carboxylic acids and amines can serve as competent coupling partners without any pre-functionalization. The isolation and structural identification of a key intermediate provide an insight into the reaction mechanism in the catalytic B(4)-H amination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Lyu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, China.
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, China.
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