1
|
Mandal W, Fajal S, Majumder D, Sengupta A, Let S, Urkude RR, Shirolkar MM, Torris A, Ghosh SK. A nanotrap infused ultrathin hybrid composite material for rapid and highly selective entrapment of 99TcO 4. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04010d. [PMID: 39430929 PMCID: PMC11485004 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04010d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024] Open
Abstract
99Tc is one of the potentially toxic radioactive substances owing to its long half-life and a high degree of environmental mobility. Hence, the sequestration of 99Tc from radioactive waste has become enormously important and a contemporary research priority. However, selective extraction of this species in its stable oxoanionic form (99TcO4 -) is very challenging on account of bottlenecks such as low charge density, less hydrophilic nature, etc. Herein, an ultrathin hybrid composite material has been strategically designed and fabricated by covalent anchoring of a chemically stable amino functionalized nanosized cationic metal-organic polyhedron with a positively charged robust ionic covalent organic framework. The resulting thin-layer-based hybrid composite presented multiple exfoliated exposed interactive sites, including a Zr(iv)-secondary building unit, amine and triaminoguanidine functional groups, which can selectively interact with TcO4 - oxoanions through a synergistic combination of electrostatic, H-bonding and various other supramolecular interactions. Thus synthesized function-tailored composite, by virtue of its multiple unique characteristics, manifested an ultrafast and very selective, high distribution coefficient (∼106 mL g-1), as well as recyclable entrapment of TcO4 - oxoanions from the complex mixture of superfluous (∼5000-fold) other interfering anions in both high and ultra-trace concentrations along with simulated nuclear waste and from different water systems. Dynamic flow-through experiments were conducted with the membrane of the hybrid material in simulated wastewater, which reduced the concentration of ReO4 - (surrogate of radioactive TcO4 -) to below the WHO permissible level with rapid sequestration kinetics and excellent selectivity over excessive competing anions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Writakshi Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune Dr Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan Pune 411 008 India
| | - Sahel Fajal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune Dr Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan Pune 411 008 India
| | - Dipanjan Majumder
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune Dr Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan Pune 411 008 India
| | - Arijit Sengupta
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai 400094 India
| | - Sumanta Let
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune Dr Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan Pune 411 008 India
| | - Rajashri R Urkude
- Beamline Development and Application Section Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Mandar M Shirolkar
- Advanced Bio-Agro Tech Pvt. Ltd Baner Pune 411045 India
- Norel Nutrient Bio-Agro Tech Pvt. Ltd Baner 411045 India
| | - Arun Torris
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411008 India
| | - Sujit K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune Dr Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan Pune 411 008 India
- Centre for Water Research (CWR), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411 008 India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dutta S, Fajal S, Ghosh SK. Heavy Metal-Based Toxic Oxo-Pollutants Sequestration by Advanced Functional Porous Materials for Safe Drinking Water. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:2546-2560. [PMID: 39163541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusWater scarcity as a consequence of either environmental or economic actions is the most compelling global concern of the 21st century, as ∼2 billion people (26% of the total population) struggle to access safe drinking water and ∼3.6 billion (46% of the total population) lack access to clean water sanitation. In this context, groundwater pollution by toxic heavy metals and/or their oxo-pollutants, such as CrO42-, Cr2O72-, AsO43-, SeO32-, SeO42-, TcO4-, UO22+, etc., have been becoming rapidly growing global concerns. The severe toxicity upon bioaccumulation of these oxo-anions has prompted the US Environment Protection Agency (EPA) to mark these persistent and hazardous substances as priority pollutants. Additionally, the heavy-metal-based pollutants are difficult to transform into eco-friendly substances, thus presenting serious challenges toward human health and environmental preservation. To this end, the emergence of advanced functional porous materials (AFPMs), including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal-organic polyhedrons (MOPs), porous organic polymers (POPs), etc., have presented extraordinary opportunities in material research and water treatment applications. The liberty in designing and structural tunability of AFPMs, facilitated by utilization of structure-encoded molecular building blocks, enables precise control over target-specificity and structure-property correlations. Bridging the gap between strategic material design and on-demand real-world application can facilitate the development of next-generation sorbents/ion-exchangers for efficient water treatment.In this Account, we summarize the recent advancements from our group toward the development of cutting-edge multifunctional ionic-porous sorbents, offering viable solutions toward providing clean and safe drinking water. Our vision allows us to comprehend this challenge through two strategic factors: efficient oxo-anion capture via ion-exchange and specific host-guest interactions via installation of modular functional groups. To provide an overview, we first highlight the different structural variants and coexistance of various toxic oxo-anions depending on the pH of the medium and their adverse effects. Next, we highlight the promising potential of water stable cationic MOFs toward selective remediation of toxic Cr(VI), Mn(VII), Tc(VI), Se(IV), Se(VI), U (VI), As(III), and As(V)-based toxic oxo-pollutants from water. In the subsequent sections, we summarize the target-specific design strategies and oxo-anion remediation performances of ionic porous organic polymers and hybrid functional porous materials. The key role of target-specific designability and/or structural fine-tuning of AFPMs toward preferential sorption of oxo-pollutants is systematically demonstrate. Particularly, the role of ion-exchange (anion-exchange) processes toward targeted oxo-pollutant capture by ionic AFPMs has been discussed in details. In several examples, the AFPMs were successful in reducing the toxic oxo-anion concentration levels lower than the permitted values for drinking water by the World Health Organizing Committee (WHO), showcasing their real-world applicability potency.Our contemporaneous endeavors in exploring ionic AFPMs for selective toxic oxo-anion sequestration may serve as a blueprint to researchers for future development of the next generation sorbent materials for energy-economically feasible water treatment methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Water Research (CWR), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sahel Fajal
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Water Research (CWR), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sujit K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Water Research (CWR), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jing XZ, Li HR, Di Z, Liu QX, Li CP. Scavenging Radionuclide by Shapeable Porous Materials. Chempluschem 2024:e202400364. [PMID: 38978154 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear energy is a competitive and environmentally friendly low-carbon energy source. It is seen as an important avenue for satisfying energy demands, responding to the energy crisis, and mitigating global climate change. However, much attention has been paid to achieving the effective treatment of radionuclide ions produced in nuclear waste. Initially, advanced adsorbents were mainly available in powder form, which meant that additional purification processes were usually required for separation and recovery in industrial applications. Therefore, to meet the practical requirements of industrial applications, materials need to be molded and processed into forms such as beads, membranes, gels, and resins. Here, we summarize the fabrication of porous materials used for capturing typical radionuclide ions, including UO2 2+, TcO4 -, IO3 -, SeO3 2-, and SeO4 2-.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Zhuo Jing
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Ruo Li
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyi Di
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Xiang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Peng Li
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fajal S, Mandal W, Torris A, Majumder D, Let S, Sen A, Kanheerampockil F, Shirolkar MM, Ghosh SK. Ultralight crystalline hybrid composite material for highly efficient sequestration of radioiodine. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1278. [PMID: 38341406 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering the importance of sustainable nuclear energy, effective management of radioactive nuclear waste, such as sequestration of radioiodine has inflicted a significant research attention in recent years. Despite the fact that materials have been reported for the adsorption of iodine, development of effective adsorbent with significantly improved segregation properties for widespread practical applications still remain exceedingly difficult due to lack of proper design strategies. Herein, utilizing unique hybridization synthetic strategy, a composite crystalline aerogel material has been fabricated by covalent stepping of an amino-functionalized stable cationic discrete metal-organic polyhedra with dual-pore containing imine-functionalized covalent organic framework. The ultralight hybrid composite exhibits large surface area with hierarchical macro-micro porosity and multifunctional binding sites, which collectively interact with iodine. The developed nano-adsorbent demonstrate ultrahigh vapor and aqueous-phase iodine adsorption capacities of 9.98 g.g-1 and 4.74 g.g-1, respectively, in static conditions with fast adsorption kinetics, high retention efficiency, reusability and recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahel Fajal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan, 411008, Pune, India
| | - Writakshi Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan, 411008, Pune, India
| | - Arun Torris
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Dipanjan Majumder
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan, 411008, Pune, India
| | - Sumanta Let
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan, 411008, Pune, India
| | - Arunabha Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan, 411008, Pune, India
| | - Fayis Kanheerampockil
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Mandar M Shirolkar
- Advanced Bio-Agro Tech Pvt. Ltd, Baner, Pune, 411045, India
- Norel Nutrient Bio-Agro Tech Pvt. Ltd, Baner, Pune, 411045, India
| | - Sujit K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan, 411008, Pune, India.
- Centre for Water Research (CWR), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sahoo R, Mondal S, Chand S, Manna AK, Das MC. A Water-Stable Cationic SIFSIX MOF for Luminescent Probing of Cr 2 O 7 2- via Single-Crystal to Single-Crystal Transformation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304581. [PMID: 37501327 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The sensing and monitoring of toxic oxo-anion contaminants in water are of significant importance to biological and environmental systems. A rare hydro-stable SIFSIX metal-organic framework, SiF6 @MOF-1, {[Cu(L)2 (H2 O)2 ]·(SiF6 )(H2 O)}n , with exchangeable SiF6 2- anion in its pore is strategically designed and synthesized, exhibiting selective detection of toxic Cr2 O7 2- oxo-anion in an aqueous medium having high sensitivity, selectivity, and recyclability through fluorescence quenching phenomena. More importantly, the recognition and ion exchange mechanism is unveiled through the rarely explored single-crystal-to-single crystal (SC-SC) fashion with well-resolved structures. A thorough SC-SC study with interfering anions (Cl- , F- , I- , NO3 - , HCO3 - , SO4 2- , SCN- , IO3 - ) revealed no such transformations to take place, as per line with quenching studies. Density functional theory calculations revealed that despite a lesser binding affinity, Cr2 O7 2- shows strong orbital mixing and large driving forces for electron transfer than SiF6 2- , and thus enlightens the fluorescence quenching mechanism. This work inaugurates the usage of a SIFSIX MOF toward sensing application domain under aqueous medium where hydrolytic stability is a prime concern for their plausible implementation as sensor materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, WB, 721302, India
| | - Supriya Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, WB, 721302, India
| | - Santanu Chand
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, WB, 721302, India
| | - Arun K Manna
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences & Technologies, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, AP, 517619, India
| | - Madhab C Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, WB, 721302, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang SL, Zhang X, Wang Q, Wu C, Liu H, Jiang D, Lavendomme R, Zhang D, Gao EQ. Confinement inside MOFs Enables Guest-Modulated Spin Crossover of Otherwise Low-Spin Coordination Cages. JACS AU 2023; 3:2183-2191. [PMID: 37654592 PMCID: PMC10466325 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Confinement of discrete coordination cages within nanoporous lattices is an intriguing strategy to gain unusual properties and functions. We demonstrate here that the confinement of coordination cages within metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) allows the spin state of the cages to be regulated through multilevel host-guest interactions. In particular, the confined in situ self-assembly of an anionic FeII4L6 nanocage within the mesoporous cationic framework of MIL-101 leads to the ionic MOF with an unusual hierarchical host-guest structure. While the nanocage in solution and in the solid state has been known to be invariantly diamagnetic with low-spin FeII, FeII4L6@MIL-101 exhibits spin-crossover (SCO) behavior in response to temperature and release/uptake of water guest within the MOF. The distinct color change concomitant with water-induced SCO enables the use of the material for highly selective colorimetric sensing of humidity. Moreover, the spin state and the SCO behavior can be modulated also by inclusion of a guest into the hydrophobic cavity of the confined cage. This is an essential demonstration of the phenomenon that the confinement within porous solids enables an SCO-inactive cage to show modulable SCO behaviors, opening perspectives for developing functional supramolecular materials through hierarchical host-guest structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Liang Yang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East
China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East
China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department
of EEE, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Haiming Liu
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- Engineering
Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School
of Physics and Electronic Science, East
China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Roy Lavendomme
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique, Université libre
de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue
F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East
China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- Institute
of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 202162, P. R. China
| | - En-Qing Gao
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East
China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- Institute
of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 202162, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fajal S, Hassan A, Mandal W, Shirolkar MM, Let S, Das N, Ghosh SK. Ordered Macro/Microporous Ionic Organic Framework for Efficient Separation of Toxic Pollutants from Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214095. [PMID: 36345663 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In case of pollutant segregation, fast mass diffusion is a fundamental criterion in order to achieve improved performance. The rapid mass transport through porous materials can be achieved by availing large open pores followed by easy and complete accessibility of functional sites. Inducing macroporosity into such materials could serve as ideal solution providing access to large macropores that offer unhindered transport of analyte and full exposure to interactive sites. Moreover, the challenge to configure the ionic-functionality with macroporosity could emerge as an unparalleled avenue toward pollutants separation. Herein, we strategized a synthetic protocol for construction of a positively charged hierarchically-porous ordered interconnected macro-structure of organic framework where the size and number of macropores can easily be tuned. The ordered macropores with strong electrostatic interaction synergistically exhibited ultrafast removal efficiency towards various toxic pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahel Fajal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi-Bhabha-Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Atikur Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, 801106, Bihar, India
| | - Writakshi Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi-Bhabha-Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Mandar M Shirolkar
- Symbiosis Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (SCNN), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune, 412115, India
| | - Sumanta Let
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi-Bhabha-Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Neeladri Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, 801106, Bihar, India
| | - Sujit K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi-Bhabha-Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India.,Centre for Water Research (CWR), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi-Bhabha-Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Somnath, Ahmad M, Siddiqui KA. Synthesis of a Mixed-Ligand H-Bonded Cu Coordination Polymer: Exploring the pH-Dependent High Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine 6G, Methyl Violet, Crystal Violet, and Rose Bengal Dyes under Room Illumination. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:41120-41136. [PMID: 36406574 PMCID: PMC9670721 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
A new mixed-ligand H-bonded coordination polymer {[Cu2(Or)2(Bimb)3]·4H2O} n (KA@CP-S) has been prepared hydrothermally using basic copper carbonate with 1,4-bis[(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]benzene (Bimb) and potassium orotate (OrK) ligands. According to topological studies, KA@CP-S has a new topology with a three-connected uninodal net with point symbol (PS) {82·12}2{8}3. The KA@CP-S was employed as a catalyst for screening of a series of harmful cationic, anionic, and neutral organic dyes in contaminated water. The photocatalytic degradation study shows that it exhibits good catalytic efficiency for cationic dyes like Crystal Violet (CV, 75.8%), Methyl Violet (MV, 76.8%), and Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G, 86.5%) and Rose Bengal (RB, 76.1%), which is an anionic dye, while for a neutral dye, its catalytic efficiency is only 72% (Neutral Red) at ambient temperature. The effect of pH on photocatalytic degradation was also analyzed. The degradation experiment reveals that the detection limits of KA@CP-S for mostly catalyzed colorant concentrations in contaminated water are 0.60 ppm (CV), 0.20 ppm (RB), 0.33 ppm (MV), and 0.20 ppm (Rh6G) at pH 12, 4, and 10. The degradation of dyes follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. The excellent catalytic property and regeneration ability of KA@CP-S make it a potential and efficient future remedial material for the detection and separation of toxic dyes from wastewater contaminated by industrial effluents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somnath
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology
Raipur, Great Eastern Road, Raipur492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Musheer Ahmad
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Zakir
Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kafeel Ahmad Siddiqui
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology
Raipur, Great Eastern Road, Raipur492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| |
Collapse
|