1
|
Xie DD, Song R, Cheng X, Zhang H, Wei YF, Gao F. From Intercalation to External Binding: Ru(II) Complexes with a Spiro Ligand for TAR RNA Selective Binding and HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibition. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:12342-12349. [PMID: 38904258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
As a typical RNA virus, the genetic information on HIV-1 is entirely stored in RNA. The reverse transcription activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) plays a crucial role in the replication and transmission of the virus. Non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs) block the function of RT by binding to the RNA binding site on RT, with very few targeting viral RNA. In this study, by transforming planar conjugated ligands into a spiro structure, we convert classical Ru(II) DNA intercalators into a nonintercalator. This enables selective binding to HIV-1 transactivation response (TAR) RNA on the outer side of nucleic acids through dual interactions involving hydrogen bonds and electrostatic attraction, effectively inhibiting HIV-1 RT and serving as a selective fluorescence probe for TAR RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Ran Song
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Fang Wei
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Guangzhou 511400, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fang H, Wang M, Wei P, Liu Q, Su Y, Liu H, Chen Y, Su Z, He W. Molecular probes for super-resolution imaging of drug dynamics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 210:115330. [PMID: 38735627 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Super-resolution molecular probes (SRMPs) are essential tools for visualizing drug dynamics within cells, transcending the resolution limits of conventional microscopy. In this review, we provide an overview of the principles and design strategies of SRMPs, emphasizing their role in accurately tracking drug molecules. By illuminating the intricate processes of drug distribution, diffusion, uptake, and metabolism at a subcellular and molecular level, SRMPs offer crucial insights into therapeutic interventions. Additionally, we explore the practical applications of super-resolution imaging in disease treatment, highlighting the significance of SRMPs in advancing our understanding of drug action. Finally, we discuss future perspectives, envisioning potential advancements and innovations in this field. Overall, this review serves to inform and practitioners about the utility of SRMPs in driving innovation and progress in pharmacology, providing valuable insights for drug development and optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbao Fang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Functional Molecules, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210013, China
| | - Pengfan Wei
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongke Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuncong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
| | - Zhi Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Weijiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li XL, Wang MF, Zeng LZ, Li GK, Zhao RY, Liu FD, Li Y, Yan YF, Liu Q, Li Z, Zhang H, Ren X, Gao F. Bithiophene-Functionalized Infrared Two-Photon Absorption Metal Complexes as Single-Molecule Platforms for Synergistic Photodynamic, Photothermal, and Chemotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402028. [PMID: 38656658 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A planar conjugated ligand functionalized with bithiophene and its Ru(II), Os(II), and Ir(III) complexes have been constructed as single-molecule platform for synergistic photodynamic, photothermal, and chemotherapy. The complexes have significant two-photon absorption at 808 nm and remarkable singlet oxygen and superoxide anion production in aqueous solution and cells when exposed to 808 nm infrared irradiation. The most potent Ru(II) complex Ru7 enters tumor cells via the rare macropinocytosis, locates in both nuclei and mitochondria, and regulates DNA-related chemotherapeutic mechanisms intranuclearly including DNA topoisomerase and RNA polymerase inhibition and their synergistic effects with photoactivated apoptosis, ferroptosis and DNA cleavage. Ru7 exhibits high efficacy in vivo for malignant melanoma and cisplatin-resistant non-small cell lung cancer tumors, with a 100 % survival rate of mice, low toxicity to normal cells and low residual rate. Such an infrared two-photon activatable metal complex may contribute to a new generation of single-molecule-based integrated diagnosis and treatment platform to address drug resistance in clinical practice and phototherapy for large, deeply located solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Kui Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Run-Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Fei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Qishuai Liu
- Animal Research and Resource Center, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Li
- Animal Research and Resource Center, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Ren
- Animal Research and Resource Center, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, East Outer Ring Road, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sheng X, Wang MM, Zhang GD, Su Y, Fang HB, Yu ZH, Su Z. Dual inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis to enhance cancer therapy. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107325. [PMID: 38583247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Dual suppression of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis can disrupt metabolic adaption of cancer cells, inhibiting energy supply and leading to successful cancer therapy. Herein, we have developed an α-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS)-functionalized iridium(III) complex Ir2, a highly lipophilic mitochondria targeting anticancer molecule, could inhibit both oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis, resulting in the energy blockage and cancer growth suppression. Mechanistic studies reveal that complex Ir2 induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation and mitochondrial depolarization, and triggers DNA oxidative damage. These damages could evoke the cancer cell death with the mitochondrial-relevant apoptosis and autophagy. 3D tumor spheroids experiment demonstrates that Ir2 owned superior antiproliferation performance, as the potent anticancer agent in vivo. This study not only provided a new path for dual inhibition of both mitochondrial OXPHOS and glycolytic metabolisms with a novel α-TOS-functionalized metallodrug, but also further demonstrated that the mitochondrial-relevant therapy could be effective in enhancing the anticancer performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guan-Dong Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Hong-Bao Fang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Zhi Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lin X, Zheng M, Xiong K, Wang F, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. Two-Photon Photodegradation of E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by a Ru(II) Complex: Inducing Ferroptosis in Cisplatin-Resistant Tumor Cells. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8372-8382. [PMID: 38745549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Using photodynamic therapy (PDT) to trigger nonconventional cell death pathways has provided a new scheme for highly efficient and non-side effects to drug-resistant cancer therapies. Nonetheless, the unclear targets of available photosensitizers leave the manner of PDT-induced tumor cell death relatively unpredictable. Herein, we developed a novel Ru(II)-based photosensitizer, Ru-Poma. Possessing the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRBN-targeting moiety and high singlet oxygen yield of 0.96, Ru-Poma was demonstrated to specifically photodegrade endogenous CRBN, increase lipid peroxide, downregulate GPX4 and GAPDH expression, and consequently induce ferroptosis in cisplatin-resistant cancerous cells. Furthermore, with the deep penetration of two-photon excitation, Ru-Poma achieved drug-resistant circumvention in a 3D tumor cell model. Thus, we describe the first sample of the CRBN-targeting Ru(II) complex active in PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Mengsi Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Kai Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Fa Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma W, Lu Y, Jin X, Lin N, Zhang L, Song Y. Targeting selective autophagy and beyond: From underlying mechanisms to potential therapies. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00199-1. [PMID: 38750694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved turnover process for intracellular substances in eukaryotes, relying on lysosomal (in animals) or vacuolar (in yeast and plants) mechanisms. In the past two decades, emerging evidence suggests that, under specific conditions, autophagy can target particular macromolecules or organelles for degradation, a process termed selective autophagy. Recently, accumulating studies have demonstrated that the abnormality of selective autophagy is closely associated with the occurrence and progression of many human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, metabolic diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims at systematically and comprehensively introducing selective autophagy and its role in various diseases, while unravelling the molecular mechanisms of selective autophagy. By providing a theoretical basis for the development of related small-molecule drugs as well as treating related human diseases, this review seeks to contribute to the understanding of selective autophagy and its therapeutic potential. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In this review, we systematically introduce and dissect the major categories of selective autophagy that have been discovered. We also focus on recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying both classical and non-classical selective autophagy. Moreover, the current situation of small-molecule drugs targeting different types of selective autophagy is further summarized, providing valuable insights into the discovery of more candidate small-molecule drugs targeting selective autophagy in the future. On the other hand, we also reveal clinically relevant implementations that are potentially related to selective autophagy, such as predictive approaches and treatments tailored to individual patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Ultrasound, Department of Hematology and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Ultrasound, Department of Hematology and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Na Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Ultrasound, Department of Hematology and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yaowen Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Ultrasound, Department of Hematology and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Feng T, Tang Z, Karges J, Shu J, Xiong K, Jin C, Chen Y, Gasser G, Ji L, Chao H. An iridium(iii)-based photosensitizer disrupting the mitochondrial respiratory chain induces ferritinophagy-mediated immunogenic cell death. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6752-6762. [PMID: 38725496 PMCID: PMC11077511 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01214c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have a strategically optimized metabolism and tumor microenvironment for rapid proliferation and growth. Increasing research efforts have been focused on developing therapeutic agents that specifically target the metabolism of cancer cells. In this work, we prepared 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-functionalized Ir(iii) complexes that selectively localize in the mitochondria and generate singlet oxygen and superoxide anion radicals upon two-photon irradiation. The generation of this oxidative stress leads to the disruption of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and therefore the disturbance of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis metabolisms, triggering cell death by combining immunogenic cell death and ferritinophagy. To the best of our knowledge, this latter is reported for the first time in the context of photodynamic therapy (PDT). To provide cancer selectivity, the best compound of this work was encapsulated within exosomes to form tumor-targeted nanoparticles. Treatment of the primary tumor of mice with two-photon irradiation (720 nm) 24 h after injection of the nanoparticles in the tail vein stops the primary tumor progression and almost completely inhibits the growth of distant tumors that were not irradiated. Our compound is a promising photosensitizer that efficiently disrupts the mitochondrial respiratory chain and induces ferritinophagy-mediated long-term immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Zixin Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Johannes Karges
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Jun Shu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Kai Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Chengzhi Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology 75005 Paris France
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 400201 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li HM, Wang MM, Su Y, Fang HB, Su Z. Mitochondria-Targeting Metallodrugs for Cancer Therapy: Perspectives from Cell Death Modes. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400120. [PMID: 38696276 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, recognized as the cellular powerhouses, are indispensable organelles responsible for crucial cellular processes, such as energy metabolism, material synthesis, and signaling transduction. Their intricate involvement in a broad spectrum of diseases, particularly cancer, has propelled the exploration of mitochondria-targeting treatment as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Since the groundbreaking discovery of cisplatin, the trajectory of research on the development of metal complexes have been marked by continuous advancement, giving rise to a diverse array of metallodrugs characterized by variations in ligand types, metal center properties, and oxidation states. By specifically targeting mitochondria, these metallodrugs exhibit the remarkable ability to elicit various programmed cell death pathways, encompassing apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. This review primarily focuses on recent developments in transition metal-based mitochondria-targeting agents, offering a comprehensive exploration of their capacity to induce distinct cell death modes. The aim is not only to disseminate knowledge but also to stimulate an active field of research toward new clinical applications and novel anticancer mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ming Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Applications of Bioresources and Functional Molecules of Jiangsu Province, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, 210013, P. R. China
| | - Yan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bao Fang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deng D, Wang M, Su Y, Fang H, Chen Y, Su Z. Iridium(III)-Based PD-L1 Agonist Regulates p62 and ATF3 for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6810-6821. [PMID: 38613772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy, a new lung cancer treatment, is limited to a few patients due to low PD-L1 expression and tumor immunosuppression. To address these challenges, the upregulation of PD-L1 has the potential to elevate the response rate and efficiency of anti-PD-L1 and alleviate the immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment. Herein, we developed a novel usnic acid-derived Iridium(III) complex, Ir-UA, that boosts PD-L1 expression and converts "cold tumors" to "hot". Subsequently, we administered Ir-UA combined with anti-PD-L1 in mice, which effectively inhibited tumor growth and promoted CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration. To our knowledge, Ir-UA is the first iridium-based complex to stimulate the expression of PD-L1 by explicitly regulating its transcription factors, which not only provides a promising platform for immune checkpoint blockade but, more importantly, provides an effective treatment strategy for patients with low PD-L1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Deng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Hongbao Fang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuncong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhi Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Z, Wang Q, Cao H, Wang Z, Wang D, Liu J, Gao T, Ren C, Liu J. Mitochondrial Localized In Situ Self-Assembly Reprogramming Tumor Immune and Metabolic Microenvironment for Enhanced Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311043. [PMID: 38190762 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The inherent immune and metabolic tumor microenvironment (TME) of most solid tumors adversely affect the antitumor efficacy of various treatments, which is an urgent issue to be solved in clinical cancer therapy. In this study, a mitochondrial localized in situ self-assembly system is constructed to remodel the TME by improving immunogenicity and disrupting the metabolic plasticity of cancer cells. The peptide-based drug delivery system can be pre-assembled into nanomicelles in vitro and form functional nanofibers on mitochondria through a cascade-responsive process involving reductive release, targeted enrichment, and in situ self-assembly. The organelle-specific in situ self-assemblyeffectively switches the role of mitophagy from pro-survival to pro-death, which finally induces intense endoplasmic reticulum stress and atypical type II immunogenic cell death. Disintegration of the mitochondrial ultrastructure also impedes the metabolic plasticity of tumor cells, which greatly promotes the immunosuppresive TME remodeling into an immunostimulatory TME. Ultimately, the mitochondrial localized in situ self-assembly system effectively suppresses tumor metastases, and converts cold tumors into hot tumors with enhanced sensitivity to radiotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade therapy. This study offers a universal strategy for spatiotemporally controlling supramolecular self-assembly on sub-organelles to determine cancer cell fate and enhance cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Dianyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Jinjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Tongxin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang J, Wang MM, Deng DP, Lin H, Su Y, Shao CX, Li SH, Yu ZH, Liu HK, Su Z. Consolidating Organometallic Complex Ir-CA Empowers Mitochondria-Directed Chemotherapy against Resistant Cancer via Stemness and Metastasis Inhibition. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:5235-5245. [PMID: 38452249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Cancer treatment has faced severe obstacles due to the smart biological system of cancer cells. Herein, we report a three-in-one agent Ir-CA via attenuation of cancer cell stemness with the down-regulated biomarker CD133 expression from the mitochondria-directed chemotherapy. Over 80% of Ir-CA could accumulate in mitochondria, result in severe mitochondrial dysfunctions, and subsequently initiate mitophagy and cell cycle arrest to kill cisplatin-resistant A549R cells. In vitro and in vivo antimetastatic experiments demonstrated that Ir-CA can effectively inhibit metastasis with down-regulated MMP-2/MMP-9. RNA seq analysis and Western blotting indicated that Ir-CA also suppresses the GSTP1 expression to decrease the intracellular Pt-GS adducts, resulting in the detoxification and resensitization to cisplatin of A549R cells. In vivo evaluation indicated that Ir-CA restrains the tumor growth and has minimal side effects and superior biocompatibility. This work not only provides the first three-in-one agent to attenuate cancer cell stemness and simultaneously realize anticancer, antimetastasis, and conquer metallodrug resistance but also demonstrates the effectiveness of the mitochondria-directed strategy in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dong-Ping Deng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Chen-Xu Shao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Si-Hui Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Hong-Ke Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhi Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang MM, Deng DP, Zhou AM, Su Y, Yu ZH, Liu HK, Su Z. Functional Upgrading of an Organo-Ir(III) Complex to an Organo-Ir(III) Prodrug as a DNA Damage-Responsive Autophagic Inducer for Hypoxic Lung Cancer Therapy. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4758-4769. [PMID: 38408314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The efficiency of nitrogen mustards (NMs), among the first chemotherapeutic agents against cancer, is limited by their monotonous mechanism of action (MoA). And tumor hypoxia is a significant obstacle in the attenuation of the chemotherapeutic efficacy. To repurpose the drug and combat hypoxia, herein, we constructed an organo-Ir(III) prodrug, IrCpNM, with the composition of a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducing moiety (Ir-arene fragment)-a hypoxic responsive moiety (azo linker)-a DNA-alkylating moiety (nitrogen mustard), and realized DNA damage response (DDR)-mediated autophagy for hypoxic lung cancer therapy for the first time. Prodrug IrCpNM could upregulate the level of catalase (CAT) to catalyze the decomposition of excessive H2O2 to O2 and downregulate the expression of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) to relieve hypoxia. Subsequently, IrCpNM initiates the quadruple synergetic actions under hypoxia, as simultaneous ROS promotion and glutathione (GSH) depletion to enhance the redox disbalance and severe oxidative and cross-linking DNA damages to trigger the occurrence of DDR-mediated autophagy via the ATM/Chk2 cascade and the PIK3CA/PI3K-AKT1-mTOR-RPS6KB1 signaling pathway. In vitro and in vivo experiments have confirmed the greatly antiproliferative capacity of IrCpNM against the hypoxic solid tumor. This work demonstrated the effectiveness of the DNA damage-responsive organometallic prodrug strategy with the microenvironment targeting system and the rebirth of traditional chemotherapeutic agents with a new anticancer mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dong-Ping Deng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - An-Min Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Hong Ke Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhi Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee C, Park SH, Yoon SK. The E3 ligase HUWE1 increases the sensitivity of CRC to oxaliplatin through TOMM20 degradation. Oncogene 2024; 43:636-649. [PMID: 38184713 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Continuous administration of oxaliplatin, the most widely used first-line chemotherapy drug for colorectal cancer (CRC), eventually leads to drug resistance. Increasing the sensitivity of CRC cells to oxaliplatin is a key strategy to overcome this issue. Impairment of mitochondrial function is a pivotal mechanism determining the sensitivity of CRC to oxaliplatin. We discovered an inverse correlation between Translocase of Outer Mitochondrial Membrane 20 (TOMM20) and oxaliplatin sensitivity as well as an inverse relationship between TOMM20 and HECT, UBA, and WWE domain containing E3 ligase 1 (HUWE1) expression in CRC. For the first time, we demonstrated that HUWE1 ubiquitinates TOMM20 directly and also regulates TOMM20 degradation via the PARKIN-mediated pathway. Furthermore, we showed that overexpression of HUWE1 in CRC cells has a negative effect on mitochondrial function, including the generation of ATP and maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to increased production of ROS and apoptosis. This effect was amplified when cells were treated simultaneously with oxaliplatin. Our study conclusively shows that TOMM20 is a novel target of HUWE1. Our findings indicate that HUWE1 plays a critical role in regulating oxaliplatin sensitivity by degrading TOMM20 and inducing mitochondrial damage in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanhaeng Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 065-691, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 065-691, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Park
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 065-691, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoo Kim Yoon
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 065-691, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 065-691, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xiong K, Lin X, Kou J, Wei F, Shen J, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. Apoferritin-Cu(II) Nanoparticles Induce Oncosis in Multidrug-Resistant Colon Cancer Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302564. [PMID: 38073257 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) limits the application of clinical chemotherapeutic drugs. There is an urgent need to develop non-apoptosis-inducing agents that circumvent drug resistance. Herein, four therapeutic copper complexes encapsulated in natural nanocarrier apoferritin (AFt-Cu1-4) are reported. Although they are isomers, they exhibit significantly different organelle distributions and cell death mechanisms. AFt-Cu1 and AFt-Cu3 accumulate in the cytoplasm and induce autophagy, whereas AFt-Cu2 and AFt-Cu4 can quickly enter the nucleus and trigger oncosis. Excitedly, AFt-Cu2 and AFt-Cu4 show a strong tumor growth inhibition effect in mice models bearing multidrug-resistant colon xenograft via intravenous injection. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first example of metal-based nucleus-targeted oncosis inducers overcoming multidrug resistance in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xinlin Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Kou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Fangmian Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jinchao Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 400201, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
He SF, Han WC, Shao YY, Zhang HB, Hong WX, Yang QH, Zhang YQ, He RR, Sun J. Iridium(III) complex induces apoptosis in HeLa cells by regulating mitochondrial and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways: In vitro and in vivo experiments. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106867. [PMID: 37734195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Cyclometalated iridium complexes with mitochondrial targeting show great potential as substitutes for platinum-based complexes because of their strong anti-cancer properties. Three novel cyclometalated iridium(III) compounds were synthesized and evaluated in five different cell lines as part of the ongoing systematic investigations of these compounds. The complexes were prepared using 4,7-dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline ligands. The cytotoxicity of complexes Ir1-Ir3 towards HeLa cells was shown to be high, with IC50 values of 0.83±0.06, 4.73±0.11, and 4.95±0.62 μM, respectively. Complex Ir1 could be ingested by HeLa cells in 3 h and has shown high selectivity toward mitochondria. Subsequent investigations demonstrated that Ir1 triggered apoptosis in HeLa cells by augmenting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential, and depleting ATP levels. Furthermore, the movement of cells was significantly suppressed and the progression of the cell cycle was arrested in the G0/G1 phase following the administration of Ir1. The Western blot analysis demonstrated that the induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells by Ir1 involves the activation of the mitochondria-dependent channel and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. No significant cytotoxicity was observed in zebrafish embryos at concentrations less than or equal to 16 µM, e.g., survival rate and developmental abnormalities. In vivo, antitumor assay demonstrated that Ir1 suppressed tumor growth in mice. Therefore, our work shows that complex Ir1 could be a promising candidate for developing novel antitumor drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, China
| | - Wei-Chao Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, China
| | - Ying-Ying Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, China
| | - Han-Bin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, China
| | - Wen-Xin Hong
- Department of Health, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dongguan 523129, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Rui-Rong He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lv M, Zheng Y, Wu J, Shen Z, Guo B, Hu G, Huang Y, Zhao J, Qian Y, Su Z, Wu C, Xue X, Liu HK, Mao ZW. Evoking Ferroptosis by Synergistic Enhancement of a Cyclopentadienyl Iridium-Betulin Immune Agonist. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312897. [PMID: 37830171 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation (LPO) with the potential for antitumor immunity activation. In this study, a nonferrous cyclopentadienyl metal-based ferroptosis inducer [Ir(Cp*)(Bet)Cl]Cl (Ir-Bet) was developed by a metal-ligand synergistic enhancement (MLSE) strategy involving the reaction of [Ir(Cp*)Cl]2 Cl2 with the natural product Betulin. The fusion of Betulin with iridium cyclopentadienyl (Ir-Cp*) species as Ir-Bet not only tremendously enhanced the antiproliferative activity toward cancer cells, but also activated ferritinophagy for iron homeostasis regulation by PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade inhibition with a lower dosage of Betulin, and then evoked an immune response by nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation of Ir-Cp* species. Further immunogenic cell death (ICD) occurred by remarkable ferroptosis through glutathione (GSH) depletion, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) deactivation and ferritinophagy. An in vivo vaccination experiment demonstrated desirable antitumor and immunogenic effects of Ir-Bet by increasing the ratio of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs)/regulatory T cells (Tregs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Lv
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhengqi Shen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Binglian Guo
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Guojing Hu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yuanlei Huang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jingyue Zhao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yong Qian
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Su
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Xuling Xue
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ke Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hu M, Zhou XL, Xiao TX, Hao L, Li Y. Inducing and monitoring mitochondrial pH changes with an iridium(III) complex via two-photon lifetime imaging. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15859-15865. [PMID: 37828856 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02541a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of mitochondrial dynamic changes plays a key role in the development of mitochondria-targeted anticancer theranostic agents. In this work, a pH-responsive and mitochondria-targeted cyclometalated iridium(III) complex MitoIr-NH has been explored as a novel anticancer agent. MitoIr-NH displayed pH-responsive phosphorescence intensity and lifetime, accumulated in mitochondria, showed higher antiproliferative activity and induced a series of mitochondria-related events. Moreover, MitoIr-NH could simultaneously induce mitophagy and quantitatively monitor mitochondrial pH changes through two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (TPPLIM) in a real-time manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Xin-Lan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Tian-Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Liang Hao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang H, Li S, Yang Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Wei T. Perspectives of metal-organic framework nanosystem to overcome tumor drug resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 5:954-970. [PMID: 36627891 PMCID: PMC9771744 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most harmful diseases in the world, which causes huge numbers of deaths every year. Many drugs have been developed to treat tumors. However, drug resistance usually develops after a period of time, which greatly weakens the therapeutic effect. Tumor drug resistance is characterized by blocking the action of anticancer drugs, resisting apoptosis and DNA repair, and evading immune recognition. To tackle tumor drug resistance, many engineered drug delivery systems (DDS) have been developed. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are one kind of emerging and promising nanocarriers for DDS with high surface area and abundant active sites that make the functionalization simpler and more efficient. These features enable MOFs to achieve advantages easily towards other materials. In this review, we highlight the main mechanisms of tumor drug resistance and the characteristics of MOFs. The applications and opportunities of MOF-based DDS to overcome tumor drug resistance are also discussed, shedding light on the future development of MOFs to address tumor drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shi Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiting Yang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinghao Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianxiang Wei
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.,Correspondence to: Dr. Tianxiang Wei, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tao Y, Liu Y, Dong Z, Chen X, Wang Y, Li T, Li J, Zang S, He X, Chen D, Zhao Z, Li M. Cellular Hypoxia Mitigation by Dandelion-like Nanoparticles for Synergistic Photodynamic Therapy of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:44039-44053. [PMID: 36153957 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia at the tumor site limits the therapeutic effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is an oxygen-consumption process. Inhibiting cellular oxygen consumption and reducing cellular ATP production are expected to enhance PDT. In this study, we designed and constructed dandelion-like size-shrinkable nanoparticles for tumor-targeted delivery of hypoxia regulator resveratrol (RES) and photodynamic agent chlorine e6 (CE6). Both drugs were co-encapsulated in small-sized micelles modified with EGFR targeting ligand GE11, which was further conjugated on hyaluronic nanogel (NG) to afford RC-GMN. After targeted accumulation in tumors mediated by GE11 and enhanced penetration and retention (EPR) effects, RC-GMN was degraded by hyaluronidase (HAase) and resulted in small-sized micelles, allowing for deep penetration and dual-receptor-mediated cellular internalization. Resveratrol inhibited cellular oxygen consumption and provided sufficient oxygen for PDT, which consequently activated PDT to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Notably, we found that autophagy was overactivated in PDT, which was further strengthened by the hypoxia regulator resveratrol, elevating autophagic cell death. The synergistic effects of resveratrol and CE6 promoted autophagic cell death and apoptosis in the enhanced PDT, resulting in stronger antitumor effects in the orthotopic OSCC model. Therefore, the facilitated delivery of hypoxia regulator enhanced PDT efficacy by elevating oxygen content in tumor cells and inducing autophagic cell death and apoptosis, which offers an alternative strategy for enhancing the PDT effects against OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yashi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuya Zang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang T, Zhu M, Jiang M, Yang F, Zhang Z. Current status of iridium-based complexes against lung cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1025544. [PMID: 36210835 PMCID: PMC9538862 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1025544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, with the highest mortality rate in the world, and its incidence is second only to breast cancer. It has posed a serious threat to human health. Cisplatin, a metal-based drug, is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of various cancers. However, its clinical efficacy is seriously limited by numerous side effects and drug resistance. This has led to the exploration and development of other transition metal complexes for the treatment of malignant tumors. In recent years, iridium-based complexes have attracted extensive attention due to their potent anticancer activities, limited side effects, unique antitumor mechanisms, and rich optical properties, and are expected to be potential antitumor drugs. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of iridium complexes against lung cancer and introduce their anti-tumor mechanisms, including apoptosis, cycle arrest, inhibition of lung cancer cell migration, induction of immunogenic cell death, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongfu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Minghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- School of food and biochemical engineering, Guangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Laibin, Guangxi, China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenlei Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lu JJ, Ma XR, Xie K, Chen MR, Huang B, Li RT, Ye RR. Lysosome-targeted cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes: JMJD inhibition, dual induction of apoptosis and autophagy. METALLOMICS : INTEGRATED BIOMETAL SCIENCE 2022; 14:6694002. [PMID: 36073756 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes with the formula [Ir(C^N)2 L](PF6) (C^N = 2-phenylpyridine (ppy, in Ir-1), 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine (thpy, in Ir-2), 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine (dfppy, in Ir-3), L = 2-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)quinolin-8-ol) were designed and synthesized, which utilize 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative as N^N ligands to chelate the cofactor Fe2+ of the Jumonji domain-containing protein (JMJD) histone demethylase. As expected, the results of UV/Vis titration analysis confirm the chelating capabilities of Ir-1-3 for Fe2+, and molecular docking studies also show that Ir-1-3 can interact with the active pocket of JMJD protein, and treatment of cells with Ir-1-3 results in significant upregulation of trimethylated histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9Me3), indicating the inhibition of JMJD activity. Meanwhile, Ir-1-3 exhibit much higher cytotoxicity against the tested tumor cell lines compared with the clinical chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. And Ir-1-3 can block the cell cycle at G2/M phase and inhibit cell migration and colony formation. Further studies show that Ir-1-3 can specifically accumulate in lysosomes, damage the integrity of lysosomes, and induce apoptosis and autophagy. Reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) also contribute to the antitumor effects of Ir-1-3. Finally, Ir-1 can inhibit tumor growth effectively in vivo and increase the expression of H3K9Me3 in tumor tissues. Our study demonstrates that these iridium(III) complexes are promising anticancer agents with multiple functions, including the inhibition of JMJD and induction of apoptosis and autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jian Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Rong Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Kai Xie
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Ru Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Bo Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Rong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|