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Zalaltdinova AV, Sadykova YM, Gazizov AS, Smailov AK, Syakaev VV, Gerasimova DP, Chugunova EA, Akylbekov NI, Zhapparbergenov RU, Appazov NO, Burilov AR, Pudovik MA, Alabugin IV, Sinyashin OG. Superelectrophilic Activation of Phosphacoumarins towards Weak Nucleophiles via Brønsted Acid Assisted Brønsted Acid Catalysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6327. [PMID: 38928034 PMCID: PMC11203683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The electrophilic activation of various substrates via double or even triple protonation in superacidic media enables reactions with extremely weak nucleophiles. Despite the significant progress in this area, the utility of organophosphorus compounds as superelectrophiles still remains limited. Additionally, the most common superacids require a special care due to their high toxicity, exceptional corrosiveness and moisture sensitivity. Herein, we report the first successful application of the "Brønsted acid assisted Brønsted acid" concept for the superelectrophilic activation of 2-hydroxybenzo[e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 2-oxides (phosphacoumarins). The pivotal role is attributed to the tendency of the phosphoryl moiety to form hydrogen-bonded complexes, which enables the formation of dicationic species and increases the electrophilicity of the phosphacoumarin. This unmasks the reactivity of phosphacoumarins towards non-activated aromatics, while requiring only relatively non-benign trifluoroacetic acid as the reaction medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena V. Zalaltdinova
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzova Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (V.V.S.); (D.P.G.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Yulia M. Sadykova
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzova Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (V.V.S.); (D.P.G.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Almir S. Gazizov
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzova Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (V.V.S.); (D.P.G.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Atabek K. Smailov
- Kazan National Research Technological University, Karl Marx Str., 68, 420015 Kazan, Russia
| | - Victor V. Syakaev
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzova Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (V.V.S.); (D.P.G.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Daria P. Gerasimova
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzova Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (V.V.S.); (D.P.G.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Elena A. Chugunova
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzova Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (V.V.S.); (D.P.G.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Nurgali I. Akylbekov
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile “Physical and Chemical Methods of Analysis”, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Aitekebie Str., 29A, Kyzylorda 120014, Kazakhstan; (N.I.A.)
- “CNEC” LLP, Dariger Ali Str., Kyzylorda 120001, Kazakhstan
| | - Rakhmetulla U. Zhapparbergenov
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile “Physical and Chemical Methods of Analysis”, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Aitekebie Str., 29A, Kyzylorda 120014, Kazakhstan; (N.I.A.)
- “DPS Kyzylorda” LLP, Amangeldy Imanov Str., 112A, Kyzylorda 120008, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurbol O. Appazov
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile “Physical and Chemical Methods of Analysis”, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Aitekebie Str., 29A, Kyzylorda 120014, Kazakhstan; (N.I.A.)
- “CNEC” LLP, Dariger Ali Str., Kyzylorda 120001, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexander R. Burilov
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzova Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (V.V.S.); (D.P.G.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Michail A. Pudovik
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzova Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (V.V.S.); (D.P.G.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Oleg G. Sinyashin
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzova Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (V.V.S.); (D.P.G.); (A.R.B.)
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Zhang R, Ma R, Chen R, Wang L, Ma Y. Regioselective C 3Alkylation of Indoles for the Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes and 3-Styryl Indoles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1846-1857. [PMID: 38214898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe an efficient transition-metal-free regioselective C3alkylation of indoles for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes and 3-styryl indoles. Nitrobenzene is employed as the oxidant to oxidize the alcohols in the presence of a strong base and the reaction avoids the use of transition metals such as Ru and Mn. The protocol provides a favorable route to access biologically active compounds such as arundine, vibrindole A, and turbomycin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Renchao Ma
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Rener Chen
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, P. R. China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Yongmin Ma
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, P. R. China
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