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Wu C, Lv J, Fan H, Su W, Cai X, Yu J. Mechanochemical C-H Arylation and Alkylation of Indoles Using 3 d Transition Metal and Zero-Valent Magnesium. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304231. [PMID: 38294073 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Although the 3 d transition-metal catalyzed C-H functionalization have been extensively employed to promote the formation of valuable carbon-carbon bonds, the persistent problems, including the use of sensitive Grignard reagents and the rigorous operations (solvent-drying, inert gas protection, metal pre-activation and RMgX addition rate control), still leave great room for further development of sustainable methodologies. Herein, we report a mechanochemical technology toward in-situ preparation of highly sensitive organomagnesium reagents, and thus building two general 3 d transition-metal catalytic platforms that enables regioselective arylation and alkylation of indoles with a wide variety of halides (including those containing post transformable functionalities and heteroaromatic rings). This mechanochemical strategy also brings unique reactivity and high step-economy in producing functionalized N-free indole products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Wu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
- Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jin Lv
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Hangqian Fan
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Weike Su
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xinjun Cai
- Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Yu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
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2
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Du Y, Tang JJ, Wang Y, Hu J, Chen C, Xiong Z, Li Y, Fan J, Bao M, Yu X. Visible-Light-Driven Iron-Catalyzed Intermolecular Benzylic C(sp 3)-H Amination with 1,2,3,4-Tetrazoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:664-669. [PMID: 38226908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
A visible-light-driven iron-catalyzed C(sp3)-H amination of diphenylmethane derivatives with 1,2,3,4-tetrazoles under mild conditions has been developed. The reaction proceeds with photosensitizer-free conditions and features satisfactory to good yields. Mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction proceeded via an iron-nitrene intermediate, and H atom abstraction was the rate-determining step. Computational studies showed that the denitrogenation of 1,2,3,4-tetrazole depends on the conversion of the sextet ground state of 1,2,3,4-tetrazole-bounding iron species to the quartet spin state under visible-light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jing-Jing Tang
- Faculty of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yarong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Junhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Changhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhonggui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
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3
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Pan S, Mulks FF, Wu P, Rissanen K, Bolm C. Mechanochemical Iron-Catalyzed Nitrene Transfer Reactions: Direct Synthesis of N-Acyl Sulfonimidamides from Sulfinamides and Dioxazolones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202316702. [PMID: 38055189 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
A mechanochemical synthesis of sulfonimidamides by iron(II)-catalyzed exogenous ligand-free N-acyl nitrene transfer to sulfinamides is reported. The one-step method tolerates a wide range of sulfinamides with various substituents under solvent-free ambient conditions. Compared to its solution-phase counterpart, this mechanochemical approach shows better conversion and chemoselectivity. Mechanistic investigations by ESI-MS revealed the generation of crucial nitrene iron intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Pan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian F Mulks
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peng Wu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box. 35, Survontie 9 B, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Meena N, Bhawani, Sonam, Rangan K, Kumar A. Ball-Milling-Enabled Zn(OTf) 2-Catalyzed Friedel-Crafts Hydroxyalkylation of Imidazo[1,2- a]pyridines and Indoles. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36787621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A facile and efficient synthetic method for the construction of C3-hydroxyalkylated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and indoles by a Zn(OTf)2-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts hydroxyalkylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and indoles with carbonyl compounds under mechanochemical conditions is reported. Good product selectivity, shorter reaction time, ambient reaction temperature, tolerance of a wide range of functional groups, broad substrate scope, moderate to good yield of products, and scalability are the salient features of the developed methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Meena
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Bhawani
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Sonam
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Krishnan Rangan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
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5
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Lv H, Xu X, Li J, Huang X, Fang G, Zheng L. Mechanochemical Divergent Syntheses of Oxindoles and α‐Arylacylamides via Controllable Construction of C−C and C−N Bonds by Copper and Piezoelectric Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206420. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Honggui Lv
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou 325001 China
- Oujiang Laboratory of ZheJiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine Vision and Brain Health Wenzhou 325001 China
| | - Xinyue Xu
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou 325001 China
- Wenzhou University College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Jing Li
- Wenzhou University College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Wenzhou University College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Guoyong Fang
- Wenzhou University College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Lifei Zheng
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou 325001 China
- Oujiang Laboratory of ZheJiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine Vision and Brain Health Wenzhou 325001 China
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Lv H, Xu X, Li J, Huang X, Fang G, Zheng L. Mechanochemical Divergent Syntheses of Oxindoles and α‐Arylacylamides via Controllable Construction of C‐C and C‐N Bonds by Copper and Piezoelectric Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Honggui Lv
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Institute CHINA
| | - Xinyue Xu
- Wenzhou University College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering CHINA
| | - Jing Li
- Wenzhou University College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering CHINA
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Wenzhou University College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering CHINA
| | | | - Lifei Zheng
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Institute Wenzhou Institute No. 1, Jinlian Road, Longwan District 325001 Wenzhou CHINA
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