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Wang WZ, Wang Q, He X, Shen YH, Zhai Z, Zhang R, Li Y, Ye KY. Electrochemical Continuous-Flow Scholl Reaction toward Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Org Lett 2024; 26:2243-2248. [PMID: 38456736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The preparation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by the Scholl reaction is typically performed by using superstoichiometric oxidants. Herein, we develop an electrochemical continuous-flow Scholl reaction to access PAHs that features a reduction in the use of supporting electrolytes and easy scale-up without changing the reaction conditions and setups. This reaction allows the synthesis of distorted PAHs containing three [5]helicene units that possess intriguing electronic and optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xinglei He
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yi-Han Shen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zi'ang Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Ruiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yuanming Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Ke-Yin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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2
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Feng Y, Chen S, Lv L, Yaremenko IA, Terent'ev AO, Li Z. Photocatalytic Sulfonyl Peroxidation of Alkenes via Deamination of N-Sulfonyl Ketimines. Org Lett 2024; 26:1920-1925. [PMID: 38386918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
A photocatalytic three-component sulfonyl peroxidation of alkenes with N-sulfonyl ketimines and tert-butyl hydroperoxide is reported. The reaction takes place via the photoinduced EnT process, which allows the efficient synthesis of a variety of β-peroxyl sulfones under mild reaction conditions in the absence of a transition metal catalyst. The downstream derivatizations of the peroxides were also performed. Furthermore, the utility of this protocol was manifested by the synthesis of 11β-HSD1 inhibitor and the antiprostate cancer drug bicalutamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Feng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Shujun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Leiyang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Ivan A Yaremenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander O Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zhiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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3
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Shi Z, Dong S, Liu T, Wang WZ, Li N, Yuan Y, Zhu J, Ye KY. Electrochemical cascade migratory versus ortho-cyclization of 2-alkynylbenzenesulfonamides. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2827-2832. [PMID: 38404399 PMCID: PMC10882495 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05229j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient control over several possible reaction pathways of free radicals is the chemical basis of their highly selective transformations. Among various competing reaction pathways, sulfonimidyl radicals generated from the electrolysis of 2-alkynylbenzenesulfonamides undergo cascade migratory or ortho-cyclization cyclization selectively. It is found that the incorporation of an extra 2-methyl substituent biases the selective migration of the acyl- over vinyl-linker of the key spirocyclic cation intermediate and thus serves as an enabling handle to achieve the synthetically interesting yet under-investigated cascade migratory cyclization of spirocyclic cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Shicheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Wei-Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Yaofeng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Jun Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ke-Yin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
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4
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Alam T, Patel BK. Electrochemical N-Aroylation of Sulfoximines by Using Benzoyl Hydrazines with H 2 Generation. Chemistry 2023:e202303444. [PMID: 37990751 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Developed here is a robust electrochemical cross-coupling reaction between aroyl hydrazine and NH-sulfoximine via concomitant cleavage and formation of C(sp2 )-N bonds with the evolution of H2 and N2 as innocuous by-products. This sustainable protocol avoids the use of toxic reagents and occurs at room temperature. The reaction proceeds via the generation of an aroyl and a sulfoximidoyl radical via anodic oxidation under constant current electrolysis (CCE), affording N-aroylated sulfoximine. The strategy is applied to late-stage sulfoximidation of L-menthol, (-)-borneol, D-glucose, vitamin-E derivatives, and marketed drugs such as probenecid, ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, ciprofibrate, and sulindac. In addition, the present methodology is mild, high functional group tolerance with broad substrate scope and scalable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tipu Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Guwahati, Assam, India
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5
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Sephton T, Large JM, Butterworth S, Greaney MF. Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrrolidinone Scaffolds via Smiles-Truce Cascade. Org Lett 2023; 25:6736-6740. [PMID: 37668613 PMCID: PMC10510726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Arylsulfonamides have been found to react with cyclopropane diesters under simple base treatment to give α-arylated pyrrolidinones. This one-pot process comprises three steps: nucleophilic ring-opening of the cyclopropane, reaction of the resulting enolate in a Smiles-Truce aryl transfer, and lactam formation. The reaction represents a new, operationally simple approach to biologically active pyrrolidinones and expands Smiles-Truce arylation methods to encompass sp3 electrophilic centers in cascade processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sephton
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Jonathan M. Large
- Accelerator
Building, Open Innovation Campus, LifeArc, Stevenage SG1 2FX, U.K.
| | - Sam Butterworth
- Division
of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic
Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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6
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Beduru S, Kutateladze AG. Complexity-Building ESIPT-Assisted Synthesis of Fused Polyheterocyclic Sulfonamides. Molecules 2023; 28:6549. [PMID: 37764325 PMCID: PMC10534920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT), originally discovered and explored in depth in a number of extensive photophysical studies, is more recently rediscovered as a powerful synthetic tool, offering rapid access to complex polyheterocycles. In our prior work we have employed ESIPT in aromatic o-keto amines and amides, leading to diverse primary photoproducts-complex quinolinols or azacanes possessing a fused lactam moiety-which could additionally be modified in short, high-yielding postphotochemical reactions to further grow complexity of the heterocyclic core scaffold and/or to decorate it with additional functional groups. Given that sulfonamides are generally known as privileged substructures, in this study we pursued two goals: (i) To explore whether sulfonamides could behave as proton donors in the context of ESIPT-initiated photoinduced reactions; (ii) To assess the scope of subsequent complexity-building photochemical and postphotochemical steps, which give access to polyheterocyclic molecular cores with fused cyclic sulfonamide moieties. In this work we show that this is indeed the case. Simple sulfonamide-containing photoprecursors produced the sought-after heterocyclic products in experimentally simple photochemical reactions accompanied by significant step-normalized complexity increases as corroborated by the Böttcher complexity scores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrei G. Kutateladze
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA;
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7
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Swaby C, Taylor A, Greaney MF. An NHC-Catalyzed Desulfonylative Smiles Rearrangement of Pyrrole and Indole Carboxaldehydes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12821-12825. [PMID: 37589318 PMCID: PMC10476196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of catalysis methods to enable Smiles rearrangement opens up new substrate classes for arylation under mild conditions. Here, we describe an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis system that accesses indole and pyrrole aldehyde substrates in a desulfonylative Smiles process. The reaction proceeds under mild, transition-metal-free conditions and captures acyl anion reactivity for the synthesis of a diverse array of 2-aroyl indoles and pyrroles from readily available sulfonamide starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael F. Greaney
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
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8
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Bai F, Wang N, Bai Y, Ma X, Gu C, Dai B, Chen J. NHPI-Mediated Electrochemical α-Oxygenation of Amides to Benzimides. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36866582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
This report describes a mild electrochemical α-oxygenation of a wide range of linear and cyclic benzamides mediated by N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) in an undivided cell using O2 as the oxygen source and 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine perchlorate as an electrolyte. The radical scavenger experiment and the 18O labeling experiment were carried out, which indicated the involvement of a radical pathway and suggested O2 as an oxygen source in the imides, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Bai
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, China
| | - Yinshan Bai
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, China
| | - Chengzhi Gu
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, China
| | - Bin Dai
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, China
| | - Jianpeng Chen
- Hami Shuoyuan Chemical Co., Ltd, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, China
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9
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Shi Z, Wang WZ, Li N, Yuan Y, Ye KY. Electrochemical Dearomative Spirocyclization of N-Acyl Thiophene-2-sulfonamides. Org Lett 2022; 24:6321-6325. [PMID: 35993566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Friedel-Crafts type alkylation of C2-tethered thiophenes has been reported to be nonregioselective. Taking advantage of the highly regioselective 5-exo-trig spirocyclization of an electrochemically generated amidyl radical, we have unraveled an electrochemical dearomative spirocyclization of N-acyl thiophene-2-sulfonamides. Various nucleophilic agents, including carboxylates, alcohols, and fluoride, are readily incorporated to afford the remotely functionalized spirocyclic dihydrothiophenes, and their novel spirocyclic scaffolds have been shown to exhibit promising antitumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Shi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wei-Zhen Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yaofeng Yuan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Ke-Yin Ye
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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10
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Li R, Yuan D, Ping M, Zhu Y, Ni S, Li M, Wen L, Zhang LB. Electrochemically-promoted synthesis of benzo[b]thiophene-1,1-dioxides via strained quaternary spirocyclization. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9940-9946. [PMID: 36199637 PMCID: PMC9431990 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an approach for the synthesis of benzothiophene motifs under electrochemical conditions by the reaction of sulfonhydrazides with internal alkynes. Upon the formation of a quaternary spirocyclization intermediate by the selective ipso-addition instead of an ortho-attack, the S-migration process was rationalized to lead to the products. Computational studies revealed the selectivity and the compatibility of drug molecules showcased the potential application of the protocols. We report an approach for the synthesis of benzothiophene motifs under electrochemical conditions by the reaction of sulfonhydrazides with internal alkynes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruitao Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Dafu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Ping
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Yuyi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Shantou Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Shaofei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Shantou Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Lirong Wen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Lin-Bao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
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