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Li H, Bai T. Theoretical study of copper hydride complexes catalyzing terminal alkyne hydroalkylation for C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) bond formation. Dalton Trans 2023; 53:153-161. [PMID: 38018369 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03514j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
This study applies Density Functional Theory (DFT) to theoretically investigate the reaction mechanism of a copper complex catalyst facilitating the reaction between a terminal alkyne and α-bromo amide, enabling the formation of E-alkenes through C(sp2)-C(sp3) coupling. Initially, the study explores the reaction mechanism, identifying the predominant reaction pathway and the rate-determining step. Next, we discuss the addition reaction mode of copper hydride with terminal alkynes, determining the causes of regional and stereoselectivity. Subsequently, the reaction mechanism between the alkenyl copper intermediate and α-bromo amide is examined, including the discussion of alkyl fragment activation and introduction methods. Furthermore, the role of NHC ligands in catalyzing the single electron transfer process for C-Br bond activation is investigated. Finally, we analyze and discuss the reasons for the high energy barrier of the non-radical pathway. These investigations not only deepen our understanding of the reaction mechanisms of terminal alkynes and α-bromo amide catalyzed by copper but also provide valuable guidance for the future design of more efficient catalysts and reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China.
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Taiming Bai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China.
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
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2
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Binayeva M, Ma X, Ghaemimohammadi P, Biscoe MR. A general approach to stereospecific Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of benzylic stereocenters. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14124-14130. [PMID: 38098708 PMCID: PMC10717501 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04519f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a general process for the formation of enantioenriched benzylic stereocenters via stereospecific Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of enantioenriched benzylic tricyclohexyltin nucleophiles. This process proceeds with excellent stereospecificity for a remarkably broad scope of electrophilic coupling partners including aryl and heteroaryl halides and triflates, acid chlorides, thioesters, chloroformates, and carbamoyl chlorides. Thus, enantioenriched 1,1-diarylalkanes as well as formal products of asymmetric enolate arylation are readily accessed using this approach. We additionally provide the first demonstration of a Sn-selective cross-coupling reaction using a vicinal alkylborylstannane nucleophile. In these reactions, the presence of cyclohexyl spectator ligands on tin is essential to ensure selective transfer of the secondary benzylic unit from tin to palladium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meruyert Binayeva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York (CCNY) New York NY 10031 USA
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY) 365 Fifth Avenue New York NY 10016 USA
| | - Xinghua Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York (CCNY) New York NY 10031 USA
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY) 365 Fifth Avenue New York NY 10016 USA
| | - Pejman Ghaemimohammadi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York (CCNY) New York NY 10031 USA
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY) 365 Fifth Avenue New York NY 10016 USA
| | - Mark R Biscoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York (CCNY) New York NY 10031 USA
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY) 365 Fifth Avenue New York NY 10016 USA
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3
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Gu R, Feng X, Bao M, Zhang X. Modular access to alkylgermanes via reductive germylative alkylation of activated olefins under nickel catalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7669. [PMID: 37996494 PMCID: PMC10667229 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-introducing difunctionalization of C-C double bonds enabled by transition-metal catalysis is one of most straightforward and efficient strategies to construct C-C and C-X bonds concurrently from readily available feedstocks towards structurally diverse molecules in one step; however, analogous difunctionalization for introducing germanium group and other functionalities remains elusive. Herein, we describe a nickel-catalyzed germylative alkylation of activated olefins with easily accessible primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl bromides and chlorogermanes as the electrophiles to form C-Ge and C-Calkyl bonds simultaneously. This method provides a modular and facile approach for the synthesis of a broad range of alkylgermanes with good functional group compatibility, and can be further applied to the late-stage modification of natural products and pharmaceuticals, as well as ligation of drug fragments. More importantly, this platform enables the expedient synthesis of germanium substituted ospemifene-Ge-OH, which shows improved properties compared to ospemifene in the treatment of breast cancer cells, demonstrating high potential of our protocol in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiujuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China.
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Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhao Y, Wu XF. Regioselective and Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Hydroaminocarbonylation of Unactivated Alkenes and Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309993. [PMID: 37584272 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Given the prevalence of amide backbones in marketed pharmaceuticals and their ubiquity as critical binding units in natural peptides and proteins, it remains important to develop novel methods to construct amide bonds. We report here a general method for the anti-Markovnikov hydroaminocarbonylation of unactivated alkenes under mild conditions, using copper catalysis in combination with hydroxylamine electrophile reagents and poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS) as a cheap and environmentally friendly hydride source. The reaction tolerates a variety of functional groups and efficiently converts unactivated terminal alkenes, 1,1-disubstituted alkenes, and cyclic alkenes to the corresponding amides with exclusive anti-Markovnikov selectivity (and high enantioselectivities/diastereoselectivities). Additionally, with minimal modification of the reaction conditions, alkynes can also undergo tandem hydrogenation-hydroaminocarbonylation to alkyl amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yuan
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Youcan Zhang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yanying Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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Roh B, Farah AO, Kim B, Feoktistova T, Moeller F, Kim KD, Cheong PHY, Lee HG. Stereospecific Acylative Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling: General Access to Optically Active α-Aryl Carbonyl Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7075-7083. [PMID: 37016901 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy for the stereospecific Pd-catalyzed acylative cross-coupling of enantiomerically enriched alkylboron compounds has been developed. The protocol features an extremely high level of enantiospecificity to allow facile access to synthetically challenging and valuable chiral ketones and carboxylic acid derivatives. The use of a sterically encumbered and electron-rich phosphine ligand proved to be crucial for the success of the reaction. Furthermore, on the basis of experimental and computational studies, a unique mechanism for the transmetalation, assisted by the noncovalent interactions of the C(sp3)-based organoboron reagent, has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongdo Roh
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Abdikani Omar Farah
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2145, United States
| | - Beomsu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Taisiia Feoktistova
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2145, United States
| | - Finn Moeller
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kyeong Do Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Paul Ha-Yeon Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2145, United States
| | - Hong Geun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Byun S, Farah AO, Wise HR, Katchmar A, Cheong PHY, Scheidt KA. Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Borylative Amidation of Allenes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22850-22857. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seunghwan Byun
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Abdikani Omar Farah
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon97331, United States
| | - Henry R. Wise
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon97331, United States
| | - Andrew Katchmar
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Paul H.-Y. Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon97331, United States
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
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Li Y, Liou Y, Oliveira JCA, Ackermann L. Ruthenium(II)/Imidazolidine Carboxylic Acid-Catalyzed C-H Alkylation for Central and Axial Double Enantio-Induction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212595. [PMID: 36108175 PMCID: PMC9828380 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective C-H activation has surfaced as a transformative toolbox for the efficient assembly of chiral molecules. However, despite of major advances in rhodium and palladium catalysis, ruthenium(II)-catalyzed enantioselective C-H activation has thus far largely proven elusive. In contrast, we herein report on a ruthenium(II)-catalyzed highly regio-, diastereo- and enantioselective C-H alkylation. The key to success was represented by the identification of novel C2-symmetric chiral imidazolidine carboxylic acids (CICAs), which are easily accessible in a one-pot fashion, as highly effective chiral ligands. This ruthenium/CICA system enabled the efficient installation of central and axial chirality, and featured excellent branched to linear ratios with generally >20 : 1 dr and up to 98 : 2 er. Mechanistic studies by experiment and computation were carried out to understand the catalyst mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Li
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Yan‐Cheng Liou
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - João C. A. Oliveira
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
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