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Deepak, Saini D, Naskar S, Mandal D, Roy RK. Room Temperature Single-Component Organic Multiferroics with Large Magnetoelectric Coupling: Proficient Approach for Stray-Magnetic Field Harvesting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2405248. [PMID: 39240077 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202405248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Magnetoelectric materials are highly desirable for technological applications due to their ability to produce electricity under a magnetic field. Among the various types of magnetoelectric materials studied, their organic counterparts provide an opportunity to develop solution-processable, flexible, lightweight, and wearable electronic devices. However, there is a rare choice of solution-processable, flexible, lightweight magnetoelectric materials which has tremendous technological interest. A supramolecular scaffold with precisely positioned structure-forming and functional units (electrical dipoles and magnetic spins) is designed so that self-assembly results in functional unit organization. Structure-forming segments allow these scaffolds to self-assemble into hierarchically ordered structures in nonpolar solvents, creating nanofibrous organogel networks. In particular, the xerogel derived from this organogel exhibits the highest magnetoelectric coupling coefficient (αME ≈ 216 mV Oe-1 cm-1) reported to date for organic materials. This is even greater than commonly envisioned composite materials made of piezoelectric polymers and inorganic magnets. This single-component organic multiferroic material displays ferroelectricity (Tc ≈ 46 °C) and paramagnetic behavior at room temperature. With this, it is demonstrated that the possibilities of effectively harvesting stray magnetic fields that are copiously available in the surroundings and wasted otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Dalip Saini
- Quantum Materials and Devices Unit, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, 140306, India
| | - Sudip Naskar
- Quantum Materials and Devices Unit, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, 140306, India
| | - Dipankar Mandal
- Quantum Materials and Devices Unit, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, 140306, India
| | - Raj Kumar Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
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2
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Preuss MD, Schnitzer T, Jansen SAH, Meskers SCJ, Kuster THR, Lou X, Meijer EW, Vantomme G. Functionalization of Supramolecular Polymers by Dynamic Covalent Boroxine Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402644. [PMID: 38716788 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Molecular scaffolds that enable the combinatorial synthesis of new supramolecular building blocks are promising targets for the construction of functional molecular systems. Here, we report a supramolecular scaffold based on boroxine that enables the formation of chiral and ordered 1D supramolecular polymers, which can be easily functionalized for circularly polarized luminescence. The boroxine monomers are quantitatively synthesized in situ, both in bulk and in solution, from boronic acid precursors and cooperatively polymerize into 1D helical aggregates stabilized by threefold hydrogen-bonding and π-π stacking. We then demonstrate amplification of asymmetry in the co-assembly of chiral/achiral monomers and the co-condensation of chiral/achiral precursors in classical and in situ sergeant-and-soldiers experiments, respectively, showing fast boronic acid exchange reactions occurring in the system. Remarkably, co-condensation of pyrene boronic acid with a hydrogen-bonding chiral boronic acid results in chiral pyrene aggregation with circularly polarized excimer emission and g-values in the order of 10-3. Yet, the electron deficiency of boron in boroxine makes them chemically addressable by nucleophiles, but also sensitive to hydrolysis. With this sensitivity in mind, we provide first insights into the prospects offered by boroxine-based supramolecular polymers to make chemically addressable, functional, and adaptive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco D Preuss
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Schnitzer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stef A H Jansen
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan C J Meskers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tom H R Kuster
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Xianwen Lou
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E W Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- School of Chemistry and RNA Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW-2052, Australia
| | - Ghislaine Vantomme
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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3
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Yang YH, Wei JJ, Zhang L. Water-Regulated Evolution of Inversion, Reinversion, and Amplification of Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Supramolecular Organogels Based on Glutamide-Cyanostilbene Amphiphile. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:11548-11557. [PMID: 38780514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Water incorporated with supramolecular building blocks in organic solvents can play a key role in the circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) inversion and amplification of supramolecular assemblies. Herein, we demonstrate that fine-tuning the water content regulated the assembly structure evolution and made the circular dichroism and CPL sign of the system undergo intriguing inversion, reinversion, and amplification processes based on a unique and interesting glutamide-cyanostilbene system, as supported by morphology, spectroscopic observations, and time-dependent density functional theory calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Han Yang
- IGCME, PCFM Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jin-Jian Wei
- IGCME, PCFM Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- IGCME, PCFM Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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4
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Patra S, Chandrabhas S, Dhiman S, George SJ. Controlled Supramolecular Polymerization via Bioinspired, Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Monomers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12577-12586. [PMID: 38683934 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic supramolecular assemblies, driven by noncovalent interactions, pervade the biological realm. In the synthetic domain, their counterparts, supramolecular polymers, endowed with remarkable self-repair and adaptive traits, are often realized through bioinspired designs. Recently, controlled supramolecular polymerization strategies have emerged, drawing inspiration from protein self-assembly. A burgeoning area of research involves mimicking the liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) observed in proteins to create coacervate droplets and recognizing their significance in cellular organization and diverse functions. Herein, we introduce a novel perspective on synthetic coacervates, extending beyond their established role in synthetic biology as dynamic, membraneless phases to enable structural control in synthetic supramolecular polymers. Drawing parallels with the cooperative growth of amyloid fibrils through LLPS, we present metastable coacervate droplets as dormant monomer phases for controlled supramolecular polymerization. This is achieved via a π-conjugated monomer design that combines structural characteristics for both coacervation through its terminal ionic groups and one-dimensional growth via a π-conjugated core. This design leads to a unique temporal LLPS, resulting in a metastable coacervate phase, which subsequently undergoes one-dimensional growth via nucleation within the droplets. In-depth spectroscopic and microscopic characterization provides insights into the temporal evolution of disordered and ordered phases. Furthermore, to modulate the kinetics of liquid-to-solid transformation and to achieve precise control over the structural characteristics of the resulting supramolecular polymers, we invoke seeding in the droplets, showcasing living growth characteristics. Our work thus opens up new avenues in the exciting field of supramolecular polymerization, offering general design principles and controlled synthesis of precision self-assembled structures in confined environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Patra
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Sushmitha Chandrabhas
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Shikha Dhiman
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Subi J George
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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5
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Mi J, Li X, Niu S, Zhou X, Lu Y, Yang Y, Sun Y, Meng Q. High-strength and ultra-tough supramolecular polyamide spider silk fibers assembled via specific covalent and reversible hydrogen bonds. Acta Biomater 2024; 176:190-200. [PMID: 38199426 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Achieving ultra-high tensile strength and exceptional toughness is a longstanding goal for structural materials. However, previous attempts using covalent and non-covalent bonds have failed, leading to the belief that these two properties are mutually exclusive. Consequently, commercial fibers have been forced to compromise between tensile strength and toughness, as seen in the differences between nylon and Kevlar. To address this challenge, we drew inspiration from the disparate tensile strength and toughness of nylon and Kevlar, both of which are polyamide fibers, and developed an innovative approach that combines specific intermolecular disulfide bonds and reversible hydrogen bonds to create ultra-strong and ultra-tough polyamide spider silk fibers. Our resulting Supramolecular polyamide spider silk, which has a maximum molecular weight of 1084 kDa, exhibits high tensile strength (1180 MPa) and extraordinary toughness (433 MJ/m3), surpassing Kevlar's toughness 8-fold. This breakthrough presents a new opportunity for the sustainable development of spider silk as an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic commercial fibers, as spider silk is composed of amino acids. Future research could explore the use of these techniques and fundamental knowledge to develop other super materials in various mechanical fields, with the potential to improve people's lives in many ways. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: • By emulating synthetic commercial fibers such as nylon and polyethylene, we have successfully produced supramolecular-weight polyamide spider silk fibers with a molecular weight of 1084 kDa through a unique covalent bond-mediated linear polymerization reaction of spider silk protein molecules. This greatly surpasses the previous record of a maximum molecular weight of 556 kDa. • We obtained supramolecular polyamide spider silk fibers with both high-tensile strength and toughness. The stress at break is 1180 MPa, and the toughness is 8 times that of kevlar, reaching 433 MJ/m3. • Our results challenge the notion that it is impossible to manufacture fibers with both ultra-high tensile strength and ultra-toughness, and provide theoretical guidance for developing environmentally friendly and sustainable structural materials that meet industrial needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Mi
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore,14 Science Drive 4 117543, Singapore
| | - Shiwei Niu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Yihang Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qing Meng
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; College of Life and Geographic Sciences, Kashi University, Xin Jiang 844006, China.
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6
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Nieuwland C, Verdijk R, Fonseca Guerra C, Bickelhaupt FM. More Electropositive is More Electronegative: Atom Size Determines C=X Group Electronegativity. Chemistry 2023:e202304161. [PMID: 38117278 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Opposite to what one might expect, we find that the C=X group can become effectively more, not less, electronegative when the Pauling electronegativity of atom X decreases down Groups 16, 15, and 14 of the Periodic Table. Our quantum-chemical analyses, show that, and why, this phenomenon is a direct consequence of the increasing size of atom X down a group. These findings can be applied to tuning and improving the hydrogen-bond donor strength of amides H2 NC(=X)R by increasingly withdrawing density from the NH2 group. A striking example is that H2 NC(=SiR2 )R is a stronger hydrogen-bond donor than H2 NC(=CR2 )R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Nieuwland
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Verdijk
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
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7
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Xu X, Li L, Ye L, Liu X, Feng Y, Chen G. Self-Assembly of Glycolipid Epimers: Their Supramolecular Morphology Control and Immunoactivation Function. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300359. [PMID: 37496374 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Although advances have been made in carbohydrate-based macromolecular self-assembly, harnessing epimers of carbohydrates to perform molecular assembly and further investigating the properties of supramolecular materials remain little explored. Herein, two classes of stereoisomeric glycolipid amphiphiles based on d-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) are reported, and they can aggregate into ribbon-like structures in the aqueous solution due to amphiphilic property, which allow to obtain glycocalyx-mimicking supramolecular materials. The subtle distinction in glycoside configuration of GalNAc-α-SSA and GalNAc-β-SSA dictates the different molecular packing in self-assembled structures. Since driven by the distinguishing carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions, the ribbon-like architectures transform into spherical nanostructures via mixing GalNAc-α-SSA and GalNAc-β-SSA. The resulting spherical micelles fabricated by blending glycolipid epimers can potentiate the macrophage- and dendritic cell-mediated immune responses in vitro. Such glycolipid epimers will pave the way to create glycocalyx-mimicking immune modulators by incorporating stereochemistry into supramolecular self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Long Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Linfei Ye
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yingle Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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8
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Song Q, Li Y, Jin Z, Liu H, Creyer MN, Yim W, Huang Y, Hu X, He T, Li Y, Kelley SO, Shi L, Zhou J, Jokerst JV. Self-Assembled Homopolymeric Spherulites from Small Molecules in Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25664-25672. [PMID: 37921495 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric spherulites are typically formed by melt crystallization: spherulitic growth in solution is rare and requires complex polymers and dilute solutions. Here, we report the mild and unique formation of luminescent spherulites at room temperature via the simple molecule benzene-1,4-dithiol (BDT). Specifically, BDT polymerized into oligomers (PBDT) via disulfide bonds and assembled into uniform supramolecular nanoparticles in aqueous buffer; these nanoparticles were then dissolved back into PBDT in a good solvent (i.e., dimethylformamide) and underwent chain elongation to form spherulites (rPBDT) in 10 min. The spherulite geometry was modulated by changing the PBDT concentration and reaction time. Due to the step-growth polymerization and reorganization of PBDT, these spherulites not only exhibited robust structure but also showed broad clusterization-triggered emission. The biocompatibility and efficient cellular uptake of the spherulites further underscore their value as traceable drug carriers. This system provides a new pathway for designing versatile superstructures with value for hierarchical assembly of small molecules into a complicated biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiantao Song
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhicheng Jin
- Department of Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Hai Liu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Matthew N Creyer
- Department of Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Wonjun Yim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yanping Huang
- Center of Engineering Experimental Teaching, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaobing Hu
- The NUANCE Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tengyu He
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yajuan Li
- Shu Chien─Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lingyan Shi
- Shu Chien─Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jiajing Zhou
- Department of Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jesse V Jokerst
- Department of Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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9
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Wang F, Liao R, Wang F. Pathway Control of π-Conjugated Supramolecular Polymers by Incorporating Donor-Acceptor Functionality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305827. [PMID: 37431813 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the nanoscale orientation of π-conjugated systems remains challenging due to the complexity of multiple energy landscapes involved in the supramolecular assembly process. In this study, we have developed an effective strategy for programming the pathways of π-conjugated supramolecular polymers, by incorporating both electron-rich methoxy- or methanthiol-benzene as donor unit and electron-poor cyano-vinylenes as acceptor units on the monomeric structure. It leads to the formation of parallel-stacked supramolecular polymers as the metastable species through homomeric donor/acceptor packing, which convert to slip-stacked supramolecular polymers as the thermodynamically stable species facilitated by heteromeric donor-acceptor packing. By further investigating the external seed-induced kinetic-to-thermodynamic transformation behaviors, our findings suggest that the donor-acceptor functionality on the seed structure is crucial for accelerating pathway conversion. This is achieved by eliminating the initial lag phase in the supramolecular polymerization process. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into designing molecular structures that control aggregation pathways of π-conjugated nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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10
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Moriguchi H, Sekiya R, Haino T. Substituent-Induced Supramolecular Aggregates of Edge Functionalized Nanographenes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207475. [PMID: 36929334 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Precisely controlled molecular assemblies often display intriguing morphologies and/or functions arising from their structures. The application of the concept of the self-assembly for controlling the aggregation of nanographenes (NGs) is challenging. The title NGs are those carrying both long alkyl chains and tris(phenylisoxazolyl)benzene (TPIB) on the edge. The former group secures the affinity of NGs for organic solvents, and the latter group drives the 1D arrangement of NGs through the interactions between the TPIB units. The concentration-dependent and temperature variable 1 H NMR, UV-vis, and PL spectra demonstrate the aggregation of NGs in 1,2-dichloroethane, and the aggregation is controllable by the regulation of the solvent polarity. AFM images give the stacked structures of the NGs, and these aggregates turn out to be network polymeric structures at a high concentration. These observations demonstrate that the synergy of the face-to-face interactions between the surfaces and the interactions between the TPIB units are effective for controlling the self-assembly of the NGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Moriguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM 2), Hiroshima University, 2-313 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
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11
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Schnitzer T, Preuss MD, van Basten J, Schoenmakers SMC, Spiering AJH, Vantomme G, Meijer EW. How Subtle Changes Can Make a Difference: Reproducibility in Complex Supramolecular Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206738. [PMID: 36062929 PMCID: PMC9825988 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The desire to construct complex molecular systems is driven by the need for technological (r)evolution and our intrinsic curiosity to comprehend the origin of life. Supramolecular chemists tackle this challenge by combining covalent and noncovalent reactions leading to multicomponent systems with emerging complexity. However, this synthetic strategy often coincides with difficult preparation protocols and a narrow window of suitable conditions. Here, we report on unsuspected observations of our group that highlight the impact of subtle "irregularities" on supramolecular systems. Based on the effects of pathway complexity, minute amounts of water in organic solvents or small impurities in the supramolecular building block, we discuss potential pitfalls in the study of complex systems. This article is intended to draw attention to often overlooked details and to initiate an open discussion on the importance of reporting experimental details to increase reproducibility in supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schnitzer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Marco D. Preuss
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Jule van Basten
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Sandra M. C. Schoenmakers
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - A. J. H. Spiering
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Ghislaine Vantomme
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
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Schnitzer T, Preuss MD, van Basten J, Schoenmakers SMC, Spiering AJH, Vantomme G, Meijer EW. How Subtle Changes Can Make a Difference: Reproducibility in Complex Supramolecular Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schnitzer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Marco D. Preuss
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Jule van Basten
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Sandra M. C. Schoenmakers
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - A. J. H. Spiering
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Ghislaine Vantomme
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
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