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Zheng T, Ma J, Chen H, Jiang H, Lu S, Shi Z, Liu F, Houk KN, Liang Y. Computational Design of Ligands for the Ir-Catalyzed C5-Borylation of Indoles through Tuning Dispersion Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39207888 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The indole moiety is ubiquitous in natural products and pharmaceuticals. C-H borylation of the benzenoid moiety of indoles is a challenging task, especially at the C5 position. We have combined computational and experimental studies to introduce multiple noncovalent interactions, especially dispersion, between the substrate and catalytic ligand to realize C5-borylation of indoles with high reactivity and selectivity. The successful computational predictions of new ligands should be suitable for ligand design in other transition-metal catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haochi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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2
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Chakraborty T, Naskar G, Jeganmohan M. Palladium-Catalyzed Selective Benzylic C-H Alkylation of Aromatic Sulfonamides with Maleimides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10624-10638. [PMID: 38995675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
An efficient method for the selective benzylic C-H alkylation of sulfonamides using maleimides has been developed. The reaction proceeds via the benzylic C(sp3)-H bond activation of sulfonamide in the presence of a Pd(II) catalyst without requiring any oxidant, additive, or external ligand. This methodology is highly compatible with a wide variety of substituted maleimides. A plausible reaction mechanism is also proposed to account for this alkylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gouranga Naskar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Masilamani Jeganmohan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
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3
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Trouvé J, Delahaye V, Tomasini M, Rajeshwaran P, Roisnel T, Poater A, Gramage-Doria R. Repurposing a supramolecular iridium catalyst via secondary Zn⋯O[double bond, length as m-dash]C weak interactions between the ligand and substrate leads to ortho-selective C(sp 2)-H borylation of benzamides with unusual kinetics. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11794-11806. [PMID: 39092112 PMCID: PMC11290415 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01515k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The iridium-catalyzed C-H borylation of benzamides typically leads to meta and para selectivities using state-of-the-art iridium-based N,N-chelating bipyridine ligands. However, reaching ortho selectivity patterns requires extensive trial-and-error screening via molecular design at the ligand first coordination sphere. Herein, we demonstrate that triazolylpyridines are excellent ligands for the selective iridium-catalyzed ortho C-H borylation of tertiary benzamides and, importantly, we demonstrate the almost negligible effect of the first coordination sphere in the selectivity, which is so far unprecedented in iridium C-H bond borylations. Remarkably, the activity is dramatically enhanced by exploiting a remote Zn⋯O[double bond, length as m-dash]C weak interaction between the substrate and a rationally designed molecular-recognition site in the catalyst. Kinetic studies and DFT calculations indicate that the iridium-catalyzed C-H activation step is not rate-determining, this being unique for remotely controlled C-H functionalizations. Consequently, a previously established supramolecular iridium catalyst designed for meta-borylation of pyridines is now compatible with the ortho-borylation of benzamides, a regioselectivity switch that is counter-intuitive regarding precedents in the literature. In addition, we highlight the role of the cyclohexene additive in avoiding the formation of undesired side-products as well as accelerating the HBpin release event that precedes the catalyst regeneration step, which is highly relevant for the design of powerful and selective iridium borylating catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michele Tomasini
- Departament de Química, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Universitat de Girona c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | | | | | - Albert Poater
- Departament de Química, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Universitat de Girona c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
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Fan KW, Luk HL, Phillips DL. A Computational Study of Photoinduced Borylation for Selected Boron Sources. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300285. [PMID: 38456364 PMCID: PMC11230929 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This research article uses density functional theory (DFT) to study photoinduced borylation. This work examined the electron donor-acceptor complex (EDA) of bis(catecholato)diboron with different redox-active leaving groups and bis(pinacol)diboron with aryl N-hydroxyphthalimide. The results of these DFT studies show the complex ratio of B2cat2 and N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) should be 1 : 2 which is consistent with the experimental results in the literature. We further proposed a reaction mechanism and calculated the energies associated with each step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Wa Fan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Hoi Ling Luk
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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5
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Ju G, Huang Z, Zhao Y. Trialkoxysilane-Induced Iridium-Catalyzed para-Selective C-H Bond Borylation of Arenes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2847. [PMID: 38565860 PMCID: PMC10987550 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
An ideal approach for the construction of aryl boron compounds is to selectively replace a C-H bond in arenes with a C-B bond, and controlling regioselectivity is one of the most challenging aspects of these transformations. Herein, we report an iridium-catalyzed trialkoxysilane protecting group-assisted regioselective C-H borylation of arenes, including derivatives of benzaldehydes, acetophenones, benzoic acids, benzyl alcohols, phenols, aryl silanes, benzyl silanes, and multi-functionalized aromatic rings are all well tolerated and gave the para -selective C-H borylation products in a short time without the requirement of inert gases atmosphere. The site-selective C-H borylation can be adjustable by installing the developed trialkoxysilane protecting group on different functional groups on one aromatic ring. Importantly, the preparation process of the trialkoxychlorosilane is efficient and scalable. Mechanistic and computational studies reveal that the steric hindrance of the trialkoxysilane protecting group plays a key role in dictating the para-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Ju
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yingsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, China.
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Mao X, Lu Z, Zhang J, Xie Z. Catalyst-Free Regioselective Diborylation of Aryllithium with Tetra(o-tolyl)diborane(4). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317614. [PMID: 38123525 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A catalyst-free 1,2-diborylation of aryllithium with tetra(o-tolyl)diborane(4) has been achieved, giving a series of 1,2-diborylaryl lithium species in excellent yields under mild reaction conditions, which leads to 1,2-di(tolyl)borylarenes in 60-91 % yields upon treatment with the hydride-abstracting reagent. In these transformations, one sp2 C-H of arene is activated and both boryl units are utilized to build two new (sp2 )C-B bonds. This represents a new strategy for selective arene diborylation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that an aromatic nucleophilic substitution is a key step in the formation of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Mao
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenpin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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7
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Cui PC, Wang GW. Visible-Light-Mediated Bimetal-Catalyzed meta-Alkylation of Arenes. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38190630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
A mild approach to the visible-light-mediated bimetal-catalyzed meta-alkylation of arenes has been accomplished. The regioselective meta-alkylation is realized by a bimetallic ruthenium-palladium system. Ruthenium acts as a catalyst for the directing effect and as a photosensitizer, while the cocatalyst palladium behaves as a catalyst for the generation of fluoroalkyl radicals. This reaction not only is suitable for two-component meta-fluoroalkylation of arenes but can also be extended to three-component reactions to achieve bifunctionalization of olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Cui
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
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8
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Guria S, Hassan MMM, Ma J, Dey S, Liang Y, Chattopadhyay B. A tautomerized ligand enabled meta selective C-H borylation of phenol. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6906. [PMID: 37903772 PMCID: PMC10616221 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Remote meta selective C-H functionalization of aromatic compounds remains a challenging problem in chemical synthesis. Here, we report an iridium catalyst bearing a bidentate pyridine-pyridone (PY-PYRI) ligand framework that efficiently catalyzes this meta selective borylation reaction. We demonstrate that the developed concept can be employed to introduce a boron functionality at the remote meta position of phenols, phenol containing bioactive and drug molecules, which was an extraordinary challenge. Moreover, we have demonstrated that the method can also be applied for the remote C6 borylation of indole derivatives including tryptophan that was the key synthetic precursor for the total synthesis of Verruculogen and Fumitremorgin A alkaloids. The inspiration of this catalytic concept was started from the O-Si secondary interaction, which by means of several more detailed control experiments and detailed computational investigations revealed that an unprecedented Bpin shift occurs during the transformation of iridium bis(boryl) complex to iridium tris(boryl) complex, which eventually control the remote meta selectivity by means of the dispersion between the designed ligand and steering silane group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Guria
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mirja Md Mahamudul Hassan
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jiawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Sayan Dey
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China.
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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9
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Kuninobu Y. Non-Covalent Interaction-Controlled Site-Selective C-H Transformations. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300149. [PMID: 37236150 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Site-selective C-H transformations are important to obtain desired compounds as single products in a highly efficient manner. However, it is generally difficult to achieve such transformations because organic substrates contain many C-H bonds with similar reactivities. Therefore, the development of practical and efficient methods for controlling site selectivity is highly desirable. The most frequently used strategy is "directing group method". Although this method is highly effective and promotes site-selective reactions, it has several limitations. Our group recently reported other methods to achieve site-selective C-H transformations using non-covalent interactions between a substrate and a reagent or a catalyst and a substrate (non-covalent method). In this personal account, the background of site-selective C-H transformations, our reaction design to achieve site-selective C-H transformations, and recently reported reactions are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Kuninobu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
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10
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Non-covalent interactions in transition metal-catalyzed para-selective C H functionalization of arenes. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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11
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Haldar C, Bisht R, Chaturvedi J, Guria S, Hassan MMM, Ram B, Chattopadhyay B. Ligand- and Substrate-Controlled para C–H Borylation of Anilines at Room Temperature. Org Lett 2022; 24:8147-8152. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chabush Haldar
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ranjana Bisht
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jagriti Chaturvedi
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saikat Guria
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mirja Md Mahamudul Hassan
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bali Ram
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
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