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Chiesa A, Santini P, Garlatti E, Luis F, Carretta S. Molecular nanomagnets: a viable path toward quantum information processing? REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:034501. [PMID: 38314645 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad1f81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Molecular nanomagnets (MNMs), molecules containing interacting spins, have been a playground for quantum mechanics. They are characterized by many accessible low-energy levels that can be exploited to store and process quantum information. This naturally opens the possibility of using them as qudits, thus enlarging the tools of quantum logic with respect to qubit-based architectures. These additional degrees of freedom recently prompted the proposal for encoding qubits with embedded quantum error correction (QEC) in single molecules. QEC is the holy grail of quantum computing and this qudit approach could circumvent the large overhead of physical qubits typical of standard multi-qubit codes. Another important strength of the molecular approach is the extremely high degree of control achieved in preparing complex supramolecular structures where individual qudits are linked preserving their individual properties and coherence. This is particularly relevant for building quantum simulators, controllable systems able to mimic the dynamics of other quantum objects. The use of MNMs for quantum information processing is a rapidly evolving field which still requires to be fully experimentally explored. The key issues to be settled are related to scaling up the number of qudits/qubits and their individual addressing. Several promising possibilities are being intensively explored, ranging from the use of single-molecule transistors or superconducting devices to optical readout techniques. Moreover, new tools from chemistry could be also at hand, like the chiral-induced spin selectivity. In this paper, we will review the present status of this interdisciplinary research field, discuss the open challenges and envisioned solution paths which could finally unleash the very large potential of molecular spins for quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chiesa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - P Santini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - E Garlatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - F Luis
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon (INMA), CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Fısica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - S Carretta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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Chicco S, Allodi G, Chiesa A, Garlatti E, Buch CD, Santini P, De Renzi R, Piligkos S, Carretta S. Proof-of-Concept Quantum Simulator Based on Molecular Spin Qudits. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1053-1061. [PMID: 38147824 PMCID: PMC10785809 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of d-level qudits instead of two-level qubits can largely increase the power of quantum logic for many applications, ranging from quantum simulations to quantum error correction. Magnetic molecules are ideal spin systems to realize these large-dimensional qudits. Indeed, their Hamiltonian can be engineered to an unparalleled extent and can yield a spectrum with many low-energy states. In particular, in the past decade, intense theoretical, experimental, and synthesis efforts have been devoted to develop quantum simulators based on molecular qubits and qudits. However, this remarkable potential is practically unexpressed, because no quantum simulation has ever been experimentally demonstrated with these systems. Here, we show the first prototype quantum simulator based on an ensemble of molecular qudits and a radiofrequency broadband spectrometer. To demonstrate the operativity of the device, we have simulated quantum tunneling of the magnetization and the transverse-field Ising model, representative of two different classes of problems. These results represent an important step toward the actual use of molecular spin qudits in quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Chicco
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INSTM, UdR Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Allodi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Chiesa
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INSTM, UdR Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione
Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Garlatti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INSTM, UdR Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione
Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Christian D. Buch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paolo Santini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INSTM, UdR Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione
Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Roberto De Renzi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Stergios Piligkos
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefano Carretta
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INSTM, UdR Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione
Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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Schäfter D, Wischnat J, Tesi L, De Sousa JA, Little E, McGuire J, Mas-Torrent M, Rovira C, Veciana J, Tuna F, Crivillers N, van Slageren J. Molecular One- and Two-Qubit Systems with Very Long Coherence Times. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302114. [PMID: 37289574 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
General-purpose quantum computation and quantum simulation require multi-qubit architectures with precisely defined, robust interqubit interactions, coupled with local addressability. This is an unsolved challenge, primarily due to scalability issues. These issues often derive from poor control over interqubit interactions. Molecular systems are promising materials for the realization of large-scale quantum architectures, due to their high degree of positionability and the possibility to precisely tailor interqubit interactions. The simplest quantum architecture is the two-qubit system, with which quantum gate operations can be implemented. To be viable, a two-qubit system must possess long coherence times, the interqubit interaction must be well defined and the two qubits must also be addressable individually within the same quantum manipulation sequence. Here results are presented on the investigation of the spin dynamics of chlorinated triphenylmethyl organic radicals, in particular the perchlorotriphenylmethyl (PTM) radical, a mono-functionalized PTM, and a biradical PTM dimer. Extraordinarily long ensemble coherence times up to 148 µs are found at all temperatures below 100 K. Two-qubit and, importantly, individual qubit addressability in the biradical system are demonstrated. These results underline the potential of molecular materials for the development of quantum architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Schäfter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jonathan Wischnat
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Tesi
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Alejandro De Sousa
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, 5101, Venezuela
| | - Edmund Little
- Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jake McGuire
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Concepció Rovira
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Floriana Tuna
- Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Núria Crivillers
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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