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Bedi V, Mandal D, Hussain Z, Chen SM, Wu Y, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Stephan DW. The impact of Lewis acid variation on reactions with di- tert-butyl diazo diesters. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:439-443. [PMID: 38093643 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03506a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Reactions of (tBuO2CN)2 with Lewis acids and FLPs have previously been shown to prompt the formation of diazene compounds. In this work, we show that the reaction of (tBuO2CN)2 with 9-BBN leads to a bicyclic heterocyclic product (tBuOCO(BBN)CN)21. In contrast, the reactions of (tBuO2CN)2 with BF3 or [Et3Si][B(C6F5)4] lead to the isolation of [tBuNHNH2tBu][BF4] 2 and [tBuN(H)NtBu][B(C6F5)4] 3, respectively. The mechanism for the formation of 2 is probed computationally, demonstrating that steric and electronic considerations of the Lewis acid impact the reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Bedi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Dipendu Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shi-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Yile Wu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Guan Y, Xu X, Xu X. Double Bond Cleavage in Small Molecules Using a Geminal Sc/P Lewis Pair. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14782-14789. [PMID: 37643351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) have proven capable of cleaving the H-H σ-bond and binding a variety of unsaturated small molecules. In contrast, examples of FLP-mediated complete rupture of double-bonded substrates remain scarce. Herein, we present a geminal Sc/P Lewis pair, i.e., (ArO)2ScN(tBu)PPh2 (Ar = 2,6-tBu2-C6H3), that exhibits typical FLP-type 1,2-addition reactivity toward CO2. Notably, it enables the complete cleavage of a series of double bonds, such as the N═N bond in azobenzene or pyridazine, the N═O bond in nitrosobenzene, and the N═S and S═O bonds in N-sulfinylaniline, to yield the corresponding metallacyclic products. Moreover, the first rare-earth metal sulfur monoxide adduct could be obtained through the bond cleavage of PhNSO, demonstrating the capability of rare-earth metal complexes to capture reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Guan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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3
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Mebs S. In Silico Partial N 2 to NH 3 Conversion with a Light Atom Molecule. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200621. [PMID: 36416275 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
N2 can be stepwise converted in silico into one molecule NH3 and a secondary amide with a bond activator molecule consisting only of light main group elements. The proposed N2 -activating pincer-related compound carries a silyl ion (Si(+) ) center as well as three Lewis acidic (-BF2 ) and three Lewis basic (-PMe2 ) sites, providing an efficient binding pocket for gaseous N2 within the framework of intramolecular frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP). In addition, it exhibits supportive secondary P-B and F⋅⋅⋅B contacts, which stabilize the structure. In the PSi(+) -N-N-BP environment the N≡N triple bond is extended from 1.09 Å to remarkable 1.43 Å, resembling a N-N single bond. The strongly activated N-N-fragment is prone to subsequent hydride addition and protonation steps, resulting in the energy efficient transfer of two hydrogen equivalents. The next hydride added causes the release of one molecule NH3 , but leaves the ligand system as poisoned R3 Si(+) -NH2 -PMe2 or R3 Si(+) -NH3 dead-end states behind. The study indicates that approximately tetrahedral constrained SiBP2 -pockets are capable to activate N2 , whereas the acid-rich SiB3 - and SiB2 P-pocktes, as well as the base-rich SiP3 -pockets fail, hinting towards the high relevance of the acid-base proportion and relative orientation. The electronic structure of the N2 -activated state is compared to the corresponding state of a recently published peri-substituted bond activator molecule featuring a PSi(+) -N-N-Si(+) P site (S. Mebs, J. Beckmann, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2022, 24, 20953-20967).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Wickemeyer L, Fernández I, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Selective 3,3-Rearrangement of Azobenzenes upon Complexation by a Frustrated Lewis Pair. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216943. [PMID: 36645230 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of the oxygen-bridged frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) tBu2 P-O-Si(C2 F5 )3 (1) and tBu2 P-O-AlBis2 (2) with azobenzene, promoted by UV irradiation, led to a selective complexation of the cis-isomer. The addition product of 2 is stable, while the adduct of 1 isomerizes in solution in an ortho-benzidine-like [3,3]-rearrangement by cleavage of the N-N bond, saturation of the nitrogen atoms with hydrogen atoms and formation of a new bond between two phenyl ortho-carbon atoms. Similar rearrangements take place with different para-substituted azobenzenes (R=Me, OMe, Cl) and di(2-naphthyl)diazene, while ortho-methylated azo compounds do not form adducts with 1. All adducts were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses and the mechanism of the rearrangement was explored by quantum-chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Wickemeyer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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5
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Yan C, Kinjo R. A Three‐Membered Diazo‐Aluminum Heterocycle to Access an Al=C π Bonding Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211800. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenting Yan
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
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6
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Yan C, Kinjo R. A Three‐membered Diazo‐Aluminum Heterocycle to Access an Al=C π Bonding Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenting Yan
- Nanyang Technological University School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology SINGAPORE
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Nanyang Technological University Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore SINGAPORE
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