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Tufano F, Napolitano C, Mazzeo M, Grisi F, Lamberti M. CO 2-Based Polycarbonates through Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Carbonates Promoted by a NHC-Based Zinc Complex. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4523-4534. [PMID: 38916862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
A backbone-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) zinc complex, in combination with alcohol initiators, has been shown to be an effective catalyst for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) to poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) devoid of oxetane linkages. The ROP of TMC proceeded in solution to give PTMC, possessing controlled molecular mass (2500 < Mn < 10000) and low dispersity (Đ ∼ 1.2). Changing the alcohol initiators, PTMCs with different end-groups were obtained, included a telechelic polymer. The results of MALDI-ToF and NMR analysis confirmed the controlled/living nature of the present ROP catalytic system, where side reactions, such as inter- and intramolecular transesterifications, were minimized during the polymerization. Solution studies in different solvents demonstrated the polymerization reaction to proceed via a mechanism first order in monomer and in catalyst. The zinc complex was also able to convert substituted cyclic carbonates, which were purposely synthesized from renewable feedstocks such as CO2 and 1,3-diols. For the asymmetric 2-Me TMC monomer, good regioselectivity was observed (Xreg up to 0.92). The excellent control of the polymerization process was finally brought to light through the preparation of polycarbonate/polyether triblock copolymers by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a macroinitiator and of well-defined di- and triblock polycarbonate/polylactide copolymers by sequential ROP of TMC and L-LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tufano
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli" University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Claudia Napolitano
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli" University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Mina Mazzeo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli" University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Fabia Grisi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli" University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Marina Lamberti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli" University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, BA, Italy
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2
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Meng XB, Zhou T, Yang C, Cheng XY, Wu XT, Shi C, Du FS, Li ZC. Thermally Stable and Chemically Recyclable Poly(ketal-ester)s Regulated by Floor Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15428-15437. [PMID: 38795044 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Chemical recycling to monomers (CRM) offers a promising closed-loop approach to transition from current linear plastic economy toward a more sustainable circular paradigm. Typically, this approach has focused on modulating the ceiling temperature (Tc) of monomers. Despite considerable advancements, polymers with low Tc often face challenges such as inadequate thermal stability, exemplified by poly(γ-butyrolactone) (PGBL) with a decomposition temperature of ∼200 °C. In contrast, floor temperature (Tf)-regulated polymers, particularly those synthesized via the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of macrolactones, inherently exhibit enhanced thermodynamic stability as the temperature increases. However, the development of those Tf regulated chemically recyclable polymers remains relatively underexplored. In this context, by judicious design and efficient synthesis of a biobased macrocyclic diester monomer (HOD), we developed a type of Tf -regulated closed-loop chemically recyclable poly(ketal-ester) (PHOD). First, the entropy-driven ROP of HOD generated high-molar mass PHOD with exceptional thermal stability with a Td,5% reaching up to 353 °C. Notably, it maintains a high Td,5% of 345 °C even without removing the polymerization catalyst. This contrasts markedly with PGBL, which spontaneously depolymerizes back to the monomer above its Tc in the presence of catalyst. Second, PHOD displays outstanding closed-loop chemical recyclability at room temperature within just 1 min with tBuOK. Finally, copolymerization of pentadecanolide (PDL) with HOD generated high-performance copolymers (PHOD-co-PPDL) with tunable mechanical properties and chemical recyclability of both components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Bin Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiang-Yue Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Changxia Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zi-Chen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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3
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Shi C, Quinn EC, Diment WT, Chen EYX. Recyclable and (Bio)degradable Polyesters in a Circular Plastics Economy. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4393-4478. [PMID: 38518259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Polyesters carrying polar main-chain ester linkages exhibit distinct material properties for diverse applications and thus play an important role in today's plastics economy. It is anticipated that they will play an even greater role in tomorrow's circular plastics economy that focuses on sustainability, thanks to the abundant availability of their biosourced building blocks and the presence of the main-chain ester bonds that can be chemically or biologically cleaved on demand by multiple methods and thus bring about more desired end-of-life plastic waste management options. Because of this potential and promise, there have been intense research activities directed at addressing recycling, upcycling or biodegradation of existing legacy polyesters, designing their biorenewable alternatives, and redesigning future polyesters with intrinsic chemical recyclability and tailored performance that can rival today's commodity plastics that are either petroleum based and/or hard to recycle. This review captures these exciting recent developments and outlines future challenges and opportunities. Case studies on the legacy polyesters, poly(lactic acid), poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene succinate), and poly(butylene-adipate terephthalate), are presented, and emerging chemically recyclable polyesters are comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Ethan C Quinn
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Wilfred T Diment
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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4
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Yeo H, Gregory GL, Gao H, Yiamsawat K, Rees GJ, McGuire T, Pasta M, Bruce PG, Williams CK. Alternatives to fluorinated binders: recyclable copolyester/carbonate electrolytes for high-capacity solid composite cathodes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2371-2379. [PMID: 38362415 PMCID: PMC10866336 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05105f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Optimising the composite cathode for next-generation, safe solid-state batteries with inorganic solid electrolytes remains a key challenge towards commercialisation and cell performance. Tackling this issue requires the design of suitable polymer binders for electrode processability and long-term solid-solid interfacial stability. Here, block-polyester/carbonates are systematically designed as Li-ion conducting, high-voltage stable binders for cathode composites comprising of single-crystal LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathodes, Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte and carbon nanofibres. Compared to traditional fluorinated polymer binders, improved discharge capacities (186 mA h g-1) and capacity retention (96.7% over 200 cycles) are achieved. The nature of the new binder electrolytes also enables its separation and complete recycling after use. ABA- and AB-polymeric architectures are compared where the A-blocks are mechanical modifiers, and the B-block facilitates Li-ion transport. This reveals that the conductivity and mechanical properties of the ABA-type are more suited for binder application. Further, catalysed switching between CO2/epoxide A-polycarbonate (PC) synthesis and B-poly(carbonate-r-ester) formation employing caprolactone (CL) and trimethylene carbonate (TMC) identifies an optimal molar mass (50 kg mol-1) and composition (wPC 0.35). This polymer electrolyte binder shows impressive oxidative stability (5.2 V), suitable ionic conductivity (2.2 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 60 °C), and compliant viscoelastic properties for fabrication into high-performance solid composite cathodes. This work presents an attractive route to optimising polymer binder properties using controlled polymerisation strategies combining cyclic monomer (CL, TMC) ring-opening polymerisation and epoxide/CO2 ring-opening copolymerisation. It should also prompt further examination of polycarbonate/ester-based materials with today's most relevant yet demanding high-voltage cathodes and sensitive sulfide-based solid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Yeo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Georgina L Gregory
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3PH UK
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot OX11 0RA UK
| | - Kanyapat Yiamsawat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Gregory J Rees
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3PH UK
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot OX11 0RA UK
| | - Thomas McGuire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Mauro Pasta
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3PH UK
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot OX11 0RA UK
| | - Peter G Bruce
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3PH UK
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot OX11 0RA UK
| | - Charlotte K Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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5
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Liu J, Blosch SE, Volokhova AS, Crater ER, Gallin CF, Moore RB, Matson JB, Byers JA. Using Redox-Switchable Polymerization Catalysis to Synthesize a Chemically Recyclable Thermoplastic Elastomer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317699. [PMID: 38168073 PMCID: PMC10873474 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In an effort to synthesize chemically recyclable thermoplastic elastomers, a redox-switchable catalytic system was developed to synthesize triblock copolymers containing stiff poly(lactic acid) (PLA) end blocks and a flexible poly(tetrahydrofuran-co-cyclohexene oxide) (poly(THF-co-CHO) copolymer as the mid-block. The orthogonal reactivity induced by changing the oxidation state of the iron-based catalyst enabled the synthesis of the triblock copolymers in a single reaction flask from a mixture of monomers. The triblock copolymers demonstrated improved flexibility compared to poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and thermomechanical properties that resemble thermoplastic elastomers, including a rubbery plateau in the range of -60 to 40 °C. The triblock copolymers containing a higher percentage of THF versus CHO were more flexible, and a blend of triblock copolymers containing PLLA and poly(d-lactic acid) (PDLA) end-blocks resulted in a stereocomplex that further increased polymer flexibility. Besides the low cost of lactide and THF, the sustainability of this new class of triblock copolymers was also supported by their depolymerization, which was achieved by exposing the copolymers sequentially to FeCl3 and ZnCl2 /PEG under reactive distillation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Sarah E Blosch
- Department of Chemistry, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Anastasia S Volokhova
- Department of Chemistry, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Erin R Crater
- Department of Chemistry, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Connor F Gallin
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Robert B Moore
- Department of Chemistry, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - John B Matson
- Department of Chemistry, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jeffery A Byers
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
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6
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Poon KC, Gregory GL, Sulley GS, Vidal F, Williams CK. Toughening CO 2 -Derived Copolymer Elastomers Through Ionomer Networking. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302825. [PMID: 37201907 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing carbon dioxide (CO2 ) to make polycarbonates through the ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of CO2 and epoxides valorizes and recycles CO2 and reduces pollution in polymer manufacturing. Recent developments in catalysis provide access to polycarbonates with well-defined structures and allow for copolymerization with biomass-derived monomers; however, the resulting material properties are underinvestigated. Here, new types of CO2 -derived thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) are described together with a generally applicable method to augment tensile mechanical strength and Young's modulus without requiring material re-design. These TPEs combine high glass transition temperature (Tg ) amorphous blocks comprising CO2 -derived poly(carbonates) (A-block), with low Tg poly(ε-decalactone), from castor oil, (B-block) in ABA structures. The poly(carbonate) blocks are selectively functionalized with metal-carboxylates where the metals are Na(I), Mg(II), Ca(II), Zn(II) and Al(III). The colorless polymers, featuring <1 wt% metal, show tunable thermal (Tg ), and mechanical (elongation at break, elasticity, creep-resistance) properties. The best elastomers show >50-fold higher Young's modulus and 21-times greater tensile strength, without compromise to elastic recovery, compared with the starting block polymers. They have wide operating temperatures (-20 to 200 °C), high creep-resistance and yet remain recyclable. In the future, these materials may substitute high-volume petrochemical elastomers and be utilized in high-growth fields like medicine, robotics, and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam C Poon
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Georgina L Gregory
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Gregory S Sulley
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Fernando Vidal
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Charlotte K Williams
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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7
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Saumer A, Mecking S. Recyclable and Degradable Ionic-Substituted Long-Chain Polyesters. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:12414-12422. [PMID: 37621695 PMCID: PMC10445281 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c03141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Ionic groups can endow apolar polymers like polyethylene with desirable traits like adhesion with polar compounds. While ethylene copolymers provide a wide range of tunability via the carboxylate content and neutralization with different cations, they lack degradability or suitability for chemical recycling due to their all-carbon backbones. Here, we report ion-containing long-chain polyesters with low amounts of ionic groups (Mn = 50-60 kg/mol, <0.5 mol % of ionic monomers) which can be synthesized from plant oils and exhibit HDPE-like character in their structural and mechanical properties. In the sulfonic acid as well as neutralized sulfonate-containing polyesters, the nature of the cation counterions (Mg2+, Ca2+, and Zn2+) significantly impacts the mechanical properties and melt rheology. Acid-containing polyesters exhibit a relatively high capability to absorb water and are susceptible to abiotic degradation. Enhanced surface wettability is reflected by facilitation of printing on films of these polymers. Depolymerization by methanolysis to afford the neat long-chain monomers demonstrates the suitability for chemical recycling. The surface properties of the neutralized sulfonate-containing polyesters are enhanced, showing a higher adsorption capability. Our findings allow for tuning the properties of recyclable polyethylene-like polymers and widen the scope of these promising materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Saumer
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße
10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße
10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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8
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Zhu S, Zhao M, Zhou H, Wen Y, Wang Y, Liao Y, Zhou X, Xie X. One-pot synthesis of hyperbranched polymers via visible light regulated switchable catalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1622. [PMID: 36959264 PMCID: PMC10036521 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Switchable catalysis promises exceptional efficiency in synthesizing polymers with ever-increasing structural complexity. However, current achievements in such attempts are limited to constructing linear block copolymers. Here we report a visible light regulated switchable catalytic system capable of synthesizing hyperbranched polymers in a one-pot/two-stage procedure with commercial glycidyl acrylate (GA) as a heterofunctional monomer. Using (salen)CoIIICl (1) as the catalyst, the ring-opening reaction under a carbon monoxide atmosphere occurs with high regioselectivity (>99% at the methylene position), providing an alkoxycarbonyl cobalt acrylate intermediate (2a) during the first stage. Upon exposure to light, the reaction enters the second stage, wherein 2a serves as a polymerizable initiator for organometallic-mediated radical self-condensing vinyl polymerization (OMR-SCVP). Given the organocobalt chain-end functionality of the resulting hyperbranched poly(glycidyl acrylate) (hb-PGA), a further chain extension process gives access to a core-shell copolymer with brush-on-hyperbranched arm architecture. Notably, the post-modification with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) affords a metal-free hb-PGA that simultaneously improves the toughness and glass transition temperature of epoxy thermosets, while maintaining their storage modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Maoji Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongru Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingfeng Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yonggui Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
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9
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Gregory GL, Sulley GS, Kimpel J, Łagodzińska M, Häfele L, Carrodeguas LP, Williams CK. Block Poly(carbonate-ester) Ionomers as High-Performance and Recyclable Thermoplastic Elastomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210748. [PMID: 36178774 PMCID: PMC9828403 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermoplastic elastomers based on polyesters/carbonates have the potential to maximize recyclability, degradability and renewable resource use. However, they often underperform and suffer from the familiar trade-off between strength and extensibility. Herein, we report well-defined reprocessable poly(ester-b-carbonate-b-ester) elastomers with impressive tensile strengths (60 MPa), elasticity (>800 %) and recovery (95 %). Plus, the ester/carbonate linkages are fully degradable and enable chemical recycling. The superior performances are attributed to three features: (1) Highly entangled soft segments; (2) Fully reversible strain-induced crystallization and (3) Precisely placed ZnII -carboxylates dynamically crosslinking the hard domains. The one-pot synthesis couples controlled cyclic monomer ring-opening polymerization and alternating epoxide/anhydride ring-opening copolymerization. Efficient convresion to ionomers is achieved by reacting vinyl-epoxides to install ZnII -carboxylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina L. Gregory
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Gregory S. Sulley
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Joost Kimpel
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Matylda Łagodzińska
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Lisa Häfele
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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