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Vishweshwara SS, Bhoge PR, Anand S, Raigawali R, Chandra A, Saladi SV, Kikkeri R. Immunogenic Sulfated l-Idose Homo Oligosaccharides Elicit Neutralizing Antibody against Native Heparan Sulfate with Biomarker and Therapeutic Possibilities. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39370617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a non-immunogenic antigen, and developing antibodies against specific sulfated patterns in HS poses significant challenges. Herein, we employed an innovative immunization strategy that exploits the molecular mimicry of HS to generate antibodies against HS sequences. Mice were immunized with synthetic sulfated oligo-l-idose (ID49) that mimics optimum 67% of the conserved structure of HS ligands. This immunization of ID49@CRM197 with alum and Freund's adjuvant resulted in the production of robust IgG antibody responses targeting ID49 and cross-reactivity with the N-sulfated HS ligands compared to N-unsubstituted and N-acetate domain synthetic HS ligands. Such a pharmacological agent exhibited distinct staining of tissue sections and cell lines and induced complement-dependent cell cytotoxicity against SK-BR-3 cancer cells. Moreover, these antibodies inhibited heparin-mediated anticoagulation activity similar to that of protamine. These findings highlight the biomarker and possible therapeutic capability of the antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharath S Vishweshwara
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi bhabha road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Preeti Ravindra Bhoge
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi bhabha road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Saurabh Anand
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi bhabha road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Rakesh Raigawali
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi bhabha road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Ankita Chandra
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi bhabha road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Srinivas Vinod Saladi
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Science, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi bhabha road, Pune 411008, India
- Department of CPAS, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
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Yao W, Ye XS. Donor Preactivation-Based Glycan Assembly: from Manual to Automated Synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1577-1594. [PMID: 38623919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are called the third chain of life. Carbohydrates participate in many important biochemical functions in living species, and the biological information carried by them is several orders of magnitude larger than that of nucleic acids and proteins. However, due to the intrinsic complexity and heterogeneity of carbohydrate structures, furnishing pure and structurally well-defined glycans for functional studies is a formidable task, especially for homogeneous large-size glycans. To address this issue, we have developed a donor preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation strategy enabling multiple sequential glycosylations in a single reaction vessel.The donor preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation refers to the strategy in which the glycosyl donor is activated in the absence of a glycosyl acceptor to generate a reactive intermediate. Subsequently, the glycosyl acceptor with the same anomeric leaving group is added, leading to a glycosyl coupling reaction, which is then iterated to rapidly achieve the desired glycan in the same reactor. The advantages of this strategy include the following: (1) unique chemoselectivity is obtained after preactivation; (2) it is independent of the reactivity of glycosyl donors; (3) multiple-step glycosylations are enabled without the need for intermediate purification; (4) only stoichiometric building blocks are required without complex protecting group manipulations. Using this protocol, a range of glycans including tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens, various glycosaminoglycans, complex N-glycans, and diverse bacterial glycans have been synthesized manually. Gratifyingly, the synthesis of mycobacterial arabinogalactan containing 92 monosaccharide units has been achieved, which created a precedent in the field of polysaccharide synthesis. Recently, the synthesis of a highly branched arabinogalactan from traditional Chinese medicine featuring 140 monosaccharide units has been also accomplished to evaluate its anti-pancreatic-cancer activity. In the spirit of green and sustainable chemistry, this strategy can also be applied to light-driven glycosylation reactions, where either UV or visible light can be used for the activation of glycosyl donors.Automated synthesis is an advanced approach to the construction of complex glycans. Based on the two preactivation modes (general promoter activation mode and light-induced activation mode), a universal and highly efficient automated solution-phase synthesizer was further developed to drive glycan assembly from manual to automated synthesis. Using this synthesizer, a library of oligosaccharides covering various glycoforms and glycosidic linkages was assembled rapidly, either in a general promoter-activation mode or in a light-induced-activation mode. The automated synthesis of a fully protected fondaparinux pentasaccharide was realized on a gram scale. Furthermore, the automated synthesis of large-size polysaccharides was performed, allowing the assembly of arabinans up to an astonishing 1080-mer using the automated multiplicative synthesis strategy, taking glycan synthesis to a new height far beyond the synthesis of nucleic acids (up to 200-mer) and proteins (up to 472-mer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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Pongener I, Sletten ET, Danglad-Flores J, Seeberger PH, Miller GJ. Synthesis of a heparan sulfate tetrasaccharide using automated glycan assembly. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1395-1399. [PMID: 38291974 PMCID: PMC10865181 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01909h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Herein we utilise automated glycan assembly to complete solid-phase synthesis of defined heparan sulfate oligosaccharides, employing challenging D-glucuronate disaccharide donors. Using an orthogonally protected D-GlcN-α-D-GlcA donor, milligram-scale synthesis of a heparan sulfate tetrasaccharide is completed in 18% yield over five steps. Furthermore, orthogonal protecting groups enabled regiospecific on-resin 6-O-sulfation. This methodology provides an important benchmark for the rapid assembly of biologically relevant heparan sulfate sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imlirenla Pongener
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences & Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Eric T Sletten
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - José Danglad-Flores
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gavin J Miller
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences & Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
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Liu W, Hu Z, Xu P, Yu B. Synthesis of Anticoagulant Pentasaccharide Fondaparinux via 3,5-Dimethyl-4-(2'-phenylethynylphenyl)phenyl Glycosides. Org Lett 2023; 25:8506-8510. [PMID: 37983186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Here, we disclosed a convenient procedure for the preparation of EPP [3,5-dimethyl-4-(2'-phenylethynylphenyl)phenyl] glycosides and their application to an effective synthesis of fondaparinux, the clinically approved anticoagulant heparin pentasaccharide. The use of EPP glycosides in the one-pot orthogonal glycosylation for the synthesis of heparin-like tetrasaccharides has also been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhifei Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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Ghosh A, Kulkarni SS. Total Synthesis of a Linear Tetrasaccharide Repeating Unit of Vibrio vulnificus MO6-24. Org Lett 2023; 25:7242-7246. [PMID: 37756139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the total synthesis of a linear, conjugation-ready, tetrasaccharide repeating unit of Vibrio vulnificus MO6-24, which is composed of rare amino sugars such as l-quinovosamine and d-galactosamine uronic acid. The key challenges addressed here are the synthesis of rare deoxy amino sugars, installation of consecutive 1,2-cis glycosidic linkages, and late-stage oxidation. Total synthesis of the target molecule was completed via a longest linear sequence of 29 steps in an overall yield of 0.7% starting from l-rhamnose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antara Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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Wakpal J, Pathiranage V, Walker AR, Nguyen HM. Rational Design and Expedient Synthesis of Heparan Sulfate Mimetics from Natural Aminoglycosides for Structure and Activity Relationship Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304325. [PMID: 37285191 PMCID: PMC10527013 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) contains variably repeating disaccharide units organized into high- and low-sulfated domains. This rich structural diversity enables HS to interact with many proteins and regulate key signaling pathways. Efforts to understand structure-function relationships and harness the therapeutic potential of HS are hindered by the inability to synthesize an extensive library of well-defined HS structures. We herein report a rational and expedient approach to access a library of 27 oligosaccharides from natural aminoglycosides as HS mimetics in 7-12 steps. This strategy significantly reduces the number of steps as compared to the traditional synthesis of HS oligosaccharides from monosaccharide building blocks. Combined with computational insight, we identify a new class of four trisaccharide compounds derived from the aminoglycoside tobramycin that mimic natural HS and have a strong binding to heparanase but a low affinity for off-target platelet factor-4 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wakpal
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | | | - Alice R Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Pongener I, Miller GJ. d-Glucuronate and d-Glucuronate Glycal Acceptors for the Scalable Synthesis of d-GlcN-α-1,4-d-GlcA Disaccharides and Modular Assembly of Heparan Sulfate. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11130-11139. [PMID: 37458063 PMCID: PMC10407932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Reported herein is a scalable chemical synthesis of disaccharide building blocks for heparan sulfate (HS) oligosaccharide assembly. The use of d-glucuronate-based acceptors for dehydrative glycosylation with d-glucosamine partners is explored, enabling diastereoselective synthesis of appropriately protected HS disaccharide building blocks (d-GlcN-α-1,4-d-GlcA) on a multigram scale. Isolation and characterization of key donor (1,2 glycal)- and acceptor (ortho-ester, anhydro)-derived side products ensure methodology improvements to reduce their formation; protecting the d-glucuronate acceptor at the anomeric position with a para-methoxyphenyl unit proves optimal. We also introduce glycal uronate acceptors, showing them to be comparative in reactivity to their pyranuronate counterparts. Taken together, this gram-scale access offers the capability to explore the iterative assembly of defined HS sequences containing the d-GlcN-α-1,4-d-GlcA repeat, highlighted by completing this for two tetrasaccharide syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imlirenla Pongener
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
& Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, U.K.
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
& Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, U.K.
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Lu IC, Cheng KC, Wang YF, Pan CW, Hung JS, Mong KKT. Orthogonal Glycosylation with Phosphate Acceptors for Expeditious Synthesis of Bacterial Inner Core Oligosaccharides. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300424. [PMID: 37339944 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
We report a practical one-pot glycosylation strategy for synthesis of bacterial inner core oligosaccharides that composed of unavailable L-glycero-D-manno and D-glycero-D-manno-heptopyranose components. The glycosylation method features a new orthogonal glycosylation procedure; whereby a phosphate acceptor is coupled with a thioglycosyl donor producing a disaccharide phosphate, which can be engaged in another orthogonal glycosylation procedure to couple with a thioglycosyl acceptor. The phosphate acceptors used in above one-pot procedure are directly prepared from thioglycosyl acceptors via the in-situ phosphorylation. Such phosphate acceptor preparation protocol eliminates the traditional protection and deprotection procedures. Based on the new one-pot glycosylation strategy, two partial inner core structures of Yersinia pestis lipopolysaccharide and Haemophilus ducreyi lipooligosaccharide were acquired.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Lu
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001, University Road, East District, Hsinchu City, 30093, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chun Cheng
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001, University Road, East District, Hsinchu City, 30093, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Wang
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001, University Road, East District, Hsinchu City, 30093, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Pan
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001, University Road, East District, Hsinchu City, 30093, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Jan-Siang Hung
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001, University Road, East District, Hsinchu City, 30093, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Kwok-Kong Tony Mong
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001, University Road, East District, Hsinchu City, 30093, R.O.C., Taiwan
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